Taxonomy Classification of Living Things

Name: ______Date ______

Taxonomy Classification of Living Things

Finding Order in Diversity

· To study the ______, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.

· ______ is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.

· Biologists who study taxonomy are called ______.

· Classification systems change with expanding knowledge.

Carolus Linnaeus

· Swedish botanist

· Developed ______

· All Scientist will be using the ______scientific name.

· Two-word naming system

– Genus

» Noun, Capitalized,
Underlined or Italicized

– Species

» Descriptive, Lower Case,
Underlined or Italicized

– Each species is assigned a ______scientific name

• Ex. Ursus arctos

System of Classification

· Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification includes ______(from ______to ______)

Grizzly Bear (common name)

--Domain Eukarya

– Kingdom Animalia

– Phylum Chordata

– Class Mammalia

– Order Carnivora

– Family Ursidae

– Genus Ursus

Species arctos

· Taxonomic categories, an acronym:

– Domain D______

– Kingdom K______

– Phylum P______

– Class C______

– Order O______

– Family F______

– Genus G______

– Species S______

Evolutionary Classification

· ______– evolutionary relationships among organisms

· Evolutionary classification – strategy of ______together based on their evolutionary ______

o Fossil record

o ______

o Comparative sequencing of DNA/RNA among organisms

• Molecular clocks: Allows scientist to compare ______form two species to estimate how long it has been since they diverged from a ______

Taxonomic Diagrams

· Phylogenetic Tree - ______

· ______- Attempt to trace the process of evolution by focusing on shared features

Dichotomous Keys Identify ______

· Dichotomous keys contain ______of contrasting descriptions.

· After each description, the key directs the user to another pair of descriptions or ______.

Example:
1. a) Is the leaf simple? Go to 2
b) Is the leaf compound? Go to 3

2. a) Are margins of the leaf jagged? Go to 4
b) Are margins of the leaf smooth? Go to 5

Domains

· Most ______category

· Larger than a kingdom

· There are 3

o ______– includes the kingdoms

§ Protists, Fungi, ______& Animals

o ______– corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria

o ______– corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria

Kingdoms

· (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) - ______, with or without peptidoglycan in ______

· Protista – Eukaryotes, ______, not fungi, plants, or animals

· Fungi – Eukaryotes, multicellular (except yeasts), heterotrophic, chitin in cell walls

· Plantae – Eukaryotes, ______, autotrophic, cell wall containing cellulose

· Animalia – Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell wall

The Kingdom Eubacteria

· Common name: ______

· Unicellular prokaryotes

· ______in cell wall

· Ecologically diverse

· Basic shapes are cocci, bacilli, spirilla

· Reproduce both ______and ______

The Kingdom Archaebacteria

· Cell wall does not contain peptidogylcan

· Cell membrane contains ______not found in other organisms

· Live in ______environments (devoid of oxygen):

o volcanic hot springs

o brine pools

o black organic mud

The Kingdom Protista

· A classification problem – consists of organisms that cannot be classified as ______, ______, or ______

· Most unicellular, some colonial and some multicellular

· ______and ______

· Some move with flagella, pseudopods or cilia

· Animal-like, plant-like and fungus-like groups

· Reproduce by ______and ______

The Kingdom ______

· Most feed on ______by secreting digestive enzymes into their food source then absorbing it into their bodies

· Cell walls of ______

· Most multicellular; some unicellular

· ______

The Kingdom Plantae

· ______

· Nonmotile – cannot move from place to place

· Cell wall with cellulose

· Mostly photosynthetic ______

Kingdom Animalia

· Multicellular

· Heterotrophic

· No ______or ______

· Incredibly diversity

Hierarchical System of Classification

· ______

How many Kingdoms? ______

• Ectotherm, Any so-called ______animal; that is, any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. The ectotherms include the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates.

• Endotherm, so-called ______animals; that is, those that maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment. The endotherms primarily include the birds and mammals.