PSYC B40NAME:______
L. Larkin
Unit EXAM #4 - Study Guide
Chapters 11-14
Prepare responses that correctly label, define, and use examples to explain the following concepts.
CHAPTER 11
1.Identify the (6) components of temperament, evaluate the evidence regarding genetic, environmental, and cultural influences on temperament, and discuss the stability of temperament across childhood and adolescence.
2.Compare and contrast the four patterns of attachment that have been identified in infants and children, describe the characteristics that may promote or interfere with attachment, and discuss the long-term correlates of secure and insecure attachments.
3.Discuss the key findings from research investigating the effects of maternal employment and alternative care on children=s development.
CHAPTER 12
1.Identify some of the factors that can contribute to high or low self-esteem throughout the various stages of development.
2.Explain what is meant by achievement motivation and discuss some of the factors that can influence achievement motivation.
3.Differentiate between a mastery orientation and a learned helplessness orientation, and describe some ways to minimize or prevent learned helplessness.
CHAPTER 13
1.Identify the psychological and behavioral differences between the sexes that have been supported by research evidence, and discuss how various influences may contribute to the emergence of these sex differences.
2.Describe the ways that parents, peers, family, and the media can influence sex-role development.
3.What is an androgynous and an undifferentiated individual, what are some of the advantages associated with androgynous personalities, and identify some ways in which attitudes about gender-roles might be changed.
CHAPTER 14
1.Define aggression and distinguish between hostile and instrumental aggression, outline the developmental trends and sex differences in aggressive behavior, and discuss the stability of aggressive behavior throughout development.
2.Identify some factors that may promote aggressive interactions and contribute to delinquent behavior and identify some methods parents and teachers can use to counter aggression and antisocial behavior.
3.Define altruism, identify some factors that are correlated with overall levels of altruism, and explain how parents and other adults can promote altruistic behavior in various ages.
4.Define morality, distinguish between moral affect, moral reasoning, and moral behavior, and discuss the relative effectiveness of different disciplinary styles in promoting moral maturity in children.