Move Around Drawing Space (Zoom,Pan)

CADOrientation

Description

This is an introductory computeraideddesign (CAD)activity designed to givestudents thefoundationalskills required tocompletefuture lessons. Students will learnall thekeypartsof theCADsoftware (navigating,commandline input, menus,openingand savingdrawings,etc.)thatwillberequired tocompletethisactivity.

LessonObjectives

The student willbeableto:

•Navigatesoftware

•Usesimpledrawingcommands

•Move around drawing space (zoom,pan)

•Inputxy coordinates into CADsoftware

•Use commandline entry

•Modifycommands:copy,move,paste, offset, fillet

•Print adrawing onthe classroom printer

Assumptions

The student will:

•Knowhow tologin toa computer and openup thesoftware

•Not know how to navigate the program theywill beusing

•Not understand how tostart anew drawingor know what drawing commandsare

Terminology

Absolutecoordinateentry:procedureusedinCAD(basedontheCartesiansystem)tospecifyapositionandestablishapointonthex,y,andzaxes. For example,if you type4,2(no spaces)foralocation,theentitywouldstart/endat4unitsalongthexaxisand2unitsuptheyaxis.

Basepoint:thepointonanentityorobjectthatyouselectwhenyou aremoving,copying,scaling,etc.

Cartesiansystem: asystem thathasx,y,andzcoordinatesthatallintersectat 0,0,0,knownastheorigin.

Command:instructiontoa computer.

Commandline:anarea—typicallyatthebottomofthescreen—thatallowsforkeyboardinput,andwhichshowsmessagesorpromptsforinformation. KeyboardentryinCADsoftwareissometimes easier.

Computeraideddesign(CAD):softwareusedbyengineers,artists,architects, etc., tocreateprecisiondrawingsandtechnicalillustrations.

Entity:theobjectinCADprograms(line,circle,text,etc.).

Fillet:acommandinCADsoftwareallowingyoutocreatearoundedinsideoroutsidecurvedcorner.

Grid:apatternofdotsorlineswithintheworkareaofthesoftwarethatcanbeusedtoaidindrawing.

Limits:acommandtosetthesize ofthedrawingspacefor yourdrawing.

Objectsnap(Osnap):amodethatallowsyouto“snap”toanobject(line)atitsendpoint,midpoint,etc.

Offset:acommandthatcreatesacopyofanentity (line,circle,etc.)thatisaspecifiedparalleldistance away fromthecurrentobject(s) selected.

Pan:acommandusedtoshifttheviewof yourdrawingtoseedifferentparts.Itdiffersfromzoominthatitdoesnotchangethesize oftheviewingarea.

Polarcoordinateentry:allows youtoestablishanx,y,zpositionataspecificlengthandanglerelativetothelastpoint you hadspecified. For example, if you want a45-degreeanglethatis

2unitslong,thecommandlinewouldbe@2<45.

Relativecoordinateentry:allowsyoutoestablishanx,y,zpositionrelativetothelastpointyouhadspecified. For example, whendrawinga line, your lastpoint was 4,2(nospaces),now youwanttogo over 2onthexand0ontheyto make aline2unitslongonthexaxis.Thecommandlinewouldbe@2,0.

Snap:usedtolimit yourmovementofthecrosshairsofthecursortoapredeterminedintervaltoaidindrawingtospecific measurements.

Text:acommandusedtoaddtexttoa drawing.

Titleblock:anareaofadrawingsheetthatcontainsinformationabouttheactualdrawing,includingproject name, author,scale,drawingnumber.

Trim:acommandusedto“trim”off excess lengthonanobjectorentity,toend exactly attheendorintersectionofanotherentity.

Zoom:acommandusedtomagnifyorchangetheviewofadrawingtogetacloserorfurtherlookatpartofyourdrawing. IfyoutypeinthewordZOOM, you have many optionswithlettersonthekeyboard,includingthefollowing:

•A=All— Zooms to everything you havedrawn, includingthe limits of the drawing

•E=Extents— Zooms toeverything you have drawn

•W= Window — Zooms to thewindow you pick by holding theleft mouse buttondownanddraggingthe mouseoverthe areato create arectangle to zoom into

EstimatedTime

45–90minutes

RecommendedNumberofStudents

20, basedonBCTechnologyEducators’Best PracticeGuide

Facilities

ComputerlabinstalledwithCADsoftware(Google SketchUp, AutoCAD, CADopia, Vectorworks,etc.)and Internetaccess

Tools

Computer withprojector and speakers. Computers withCADsoftwareand Internetaccess

Materials

Student activityhandout for students withinstructions

Resources

Instructionalvideos for theteacherand/orstudents. Theteacher can eventually createtheirownvideo(s) to matchthe software theyareusing in class, asrequired.

Instructional videos created using AutoCAD 2013:

•TeacherVideo 2.1- IntrotoCADSoftware fortheTeacher-3

•2.1CADProgramInterface (MCAD)

•2.2 Basic Command LineEntryand Page Setup forActivity2(MCAD)

•2.3Absoluteand Relative CoordinateEntry (MCAD)

•2.4 Polar CoordinateEntryand MouseEntry (MCAD)

•2.5OffsetCommand-2(MCAD)

•2.6Fillet Command(MCAD)

•2.7 Move Commandand Object Snap (MCAD)

•2.8Trim Command (MCAD)

•2.9 Drawinga SimpleBorder(MCAD)

•2.10InsertingTextinto a TitleBlock(MCAD)

•2.11Plottingor PrintingYourDrawing-2

Teacher-ledActivity

Beforestartingthe activity, theteacher willdemonstratethesoftwarefor the studentsso theyunderstandhow it works.Thefollowing activitycanbe coveredall at once but ismostlikely bestbroken intoa couple ofdemosbased onclass time:

•Openingtheprogramand navigating thetoolbar and/or ribbon

•Mousemovement(scroll in/out,right/left buttons, pan)

•Command line:inputting commands(zoom, limits,grid,etc.)

•Coordinateentry and theline command(absolute,relative,polar)

StudentActivity

Studentswillfollowthe“Student Activity: IntrotoCAD”and/or thevideotutorialstocompletethecoordinateentryexercise and introductiontodrawing inCADsoftware.

Assessment

Students willshowthe teacher their completedassignment.Theteacher canhave theassignment printedout orlook at it onthe computer screen.If the student does notproduceexactly whatwasshown, then an associatedmark based on mistakes canbederived.

StudentActivity:CADOrientation

Usingthe software, create thefollowing drawing usingthe commands youhavelearned throughthevideos. Videos tosupport thelessonare locatedin the“Resources”section.

Figure1

Commands/conceptstolearninthisactivity

Absolutecoordinateentry:

LINEMOVETRIM

Relativecoordinateentry:

COPYOFFSETTEXT

Polar coordinateentry:

FILLETPRINTZOOM

Procedure

1.CADProgramInterface(Video2.1)

Start theCADsoftwarein ablankdrawing.Oncethe program hasloaded you shouldhaveablank drawingspace (Figure 2). SeeStudent Video#1.

Figure2

2.BasicCommandLineEntryandPageSetup:Limits,Grid,andSnap(Video2.2)

a.Typetheword LIMITS(Figure 3).Youwillnotice it will showupin thestatus barinthebottomleftcorner oftheprogram. Pressing enteronthe keyboard selects the command.

Figure3

b.Specifythe“LOWERLEFTCORNER”(Figure4). This istheorigin. Makesure it is0,0.Pressenter.

Figure4

c.Specify theUPPERRIGHT CORNER(Figure5).Change this to11,8.5 to match apieceof letter paper that is landscape.Press enter.Your drawinglimitsarenowset.

Figure5

d.Youcannot see thelimits of thedrawing yet,sotypeGRIDDISPLAY. Change the valueto0.Press enter.NowtypeZOOM.Pressenter, thentypeAforAll.Press enter.Thescreenadjuststoshow thelimitsof the drawing (Figure6).

Figure6

e.TypeGRIDSTYLE. Changethe value to1. Press enter.Thelinesnowchange todots.

f.Finally,typeGRID.Press enter. Set yourgridto.5. Pressenteragain.

g.TypethewordSNAP(Figure 7). Press enter. Change thesnapto .25bytypingit in. Press

enter.

Figure7

3.AbsoluteandRelativeCoordinateEntry(Video2.3)

Youwill be learninghow to enter coordinatesin multiplewaysbydrawing lines. F12 toggleswhat is calleddynamic inputon/off. Having dynamic input on/off sometimes helpswhendrawinglines.In thiscase, make sure itis offwhen usingcommand lineentries. SeeStudentVideo#3.

3.1AbsoluteCoordinateEntry

a.Command:LINE(enter)

b.From point:1.5,3.5(enter)

c.Topoint:4,3.5(enter)

d.Topoint: 4,5(enter)

e.Topoint: 1.5,5(enter)

f.Topoint: 1.5,3.5(enter) (enter)

g.Pressingreturntwicecompletesthecommand.

Thefirstcompletedsquareshould look likeFigure 8 below:

Figure8

3.2RelativeCoordinateEntry

a.Command:LINE(enter)

b.From point:3,6(enter)

c.Topoint:@2.5,0(enter)

d.Topoint: @0,1.5 (enter)

e.Topoint:@-2.5,0(enter)

f.C (enter) willclosea polygon.

Youshouldnowhavetwosquares(Figure9). Did yousaveyour work yet?

Figure9

4.LineCommand,PolarCoordinateEntry,andMouseEntry(Video2.4)

SeeStudent Video#4.

4.1PolarCoordinateEntry(StudentVideo#4)

a.Command:LINE(enter)

b.From point:6,2(enter)

c.Topoint:@2.5<0 (enter)

d.Topoint:@1.5<90(enter)

e.Topoint:@2.5<180 (enter)

f.C (enter) willclosea polygon.

Figure10

4.2MouseEntryMethod

a.Command:LINE(enter)

b.From point: 7,6 (enter)

c.Movemouse a lengthof 2.5@ anangleof0, left mouse click

d.Movemouse a lengthof1.5@angleof 90, left mouse click

e.Movemouse a lengthof 2.5@ angleof180, left mouse click

f.C (enter)to closethepolygon.

Thedrawing shouldnow havefourrectanglesas shown in Figure11.Keep in mindthatthisoneofmanyways to draw lines.

Figure11

5.ZoomandOffsetCommands(Video2.5)

Now wewilldraw foursmallerrectangles insidetheexisting fourrectanglesusing the“Offset”command.Butfirstlet’smaketherectanglesbigger on thescreen.Wewillzoomintothe rectangles.

5.1Zoom

a.Command:ZOOM(enter).

b.Thecapitalizedletters (e.g.,A, E, W,etc.) areshortcut keys:

A= All. This shortcut zooms toeverything youhave drawn, includingthelimitsof thedrawing

E= Extents. This commandzooms toeverything you have drawn.

W=Window. Thiscommandzooms to thewindow you pick by holdingthe left mousebuttondown anddragging themouse overtothe areato createa rectangletozoominto.

Typetheshortcut keyW(enter).Usethe mousetopick apointintheupper leftcorner, thenholdthe left mouse buttondown and dragthe mouseacross to the lowerright corner.Younowzoomin.

5.2Offset

NowusetheOffsetcommandtocreate a boxin a box(Figure12). See Student Video #5.

a.Command:OFFSET(enter)

b.Offsetdistanceor through:.25(enter)

c.Select object to offset:(with themouse pick one sideof asquare)

d.Sidetooffset: (pick apoint insidethe square)

e.Select object to offset:(repeatthe abovetwo stepsuntil allthe squares are doubled)

f.Thedrawingsshouldnow look likethepictureinFigure12.Haveyousavedrecently?

Figure12

6.FilletCommand(Video2.6)

Nowclean upthe corners ofthe insidesquareswiththe Fillet command (Figure13).SeeStudent Video#6.

a.Command:FILLET(enter)

b.Fillet (radius=0.5000): Radius/Settings/Polyline /:R(enter)

c.Enterfillet radius <0.5000>:0 (enter)

d.Fillet(radius=0.0000):Radius/Settings/Polyline /:

e.Withthemouse pick the twosidesof aninnersquare.

f.Command:spacebaror(enter)to repeat the filletcommand

g.Repeatstep f for allfour corners.

Figure13

7.MoveCommandandObjectSnap(Video2.7)

Now move the rectangles to createthe chain link(Figure 14).See Student Video#7.

a.Command:MOVE(enter)

b.Highlight the secondrectangleyoudrew byholding downthe left mouse button anddraggingover theentire object from righttoleft.

c.Right mouse click.

d.Specify basepoint: left mouseclick onthebottom leftcorner oftherectangle.

e.Movetherectangletocreatethefirstchainasshowtotheright.

f.Left mouseclick toplaceit.

Figure14

g.Repeattheabove process untilyouhaveallthelinksinplace(Figure15).

Figure15

8.Trim Command(Video2.8)

Nowuse the Trim command to remove the pieces out ofthe lines to give theappearancethat the links are connectedtoform achain (Figure16).SeeStudent Video#8.

a.Command: TRIM(enter)

b.Pick thetwo lines youwant totrim betweenusing theleft mouse button (rightmouseclick).

c.Pick theshort pieces(left mouse button) that youwant gone betweenthe highlighted linesand theywill disappear.

d.Press Escto cancel.

e.Press spacebarto repeat the command.

f.Your drawing shouldnow look likeFigure16below.Timeto saveagain.

Figure16

Finish thedrawing properly byzoomingto fulllimits(All).Alwaysleaveand save yourpicturesas a fullview(Figure17).RememberZoom?

a.Command: ZOOM(enter)A(enter)

Figure17

9.BorderandTitleBlock(StudentVideo#9)

Nowweneedtofinishthisoffwith a border, a titleblock,and some text.

9.1Border

a.Drawlines tocreate aborder.Start at.5,.5.Make the border box10wide and7.5high.Which coordinate entry commandwillallowyoutodothis correctly?

9.2TitleBlock

A.OFFSET thebottomline 0.5forthetitleblock (Figure 18).

Figure18

b.Nextdraw 2verticallines, one at 3.5,.5andtheotherat 8,.5 (Figure19).Which coordinateentry isthequickest?

Figure19

10.InsertingTextintoaTitleBlock(StudentVideo#10)

10.1CreateTextforTitleBlock

NowusetheTextcommandtofillinthetitle block (Figure20). See Student Video #10.

a.Command:TEXT(enter)

b.Pickthepointyouwanttostartat.Don’tworryaboutitnotbeingwhereyouwantit.Wewill move it after.

c.Heightof Text:<.20>(enter). Rotationangleoftext: <0> (enter).

d.Now,typeinthetext youwant in CAPITAL LETTERS.

e.Press (enter)twiceto exit thecommand.

f.Repeat thiscommandsequence for each of the titleblock entries below.

Figure20

10.2MoveTextintoTitleBlock

Nowthat youhavethe text entered,you aregoing to move thetext into position. The problemisthesnapsettingwon’tletyoucentrethetext, so youhavetochangeit.

a.Command: SNAP(enter)Type.05(enter)

b.Command: MOVE (enter). Select oneof your texts (enter).

c.Use yourmouse to moveyour textto where youwantit so itis centred in the box.

d.Repeat the commandsequence for the other two texts sothey are centredin theappropriatespotsas shown in Figure 21.

Figure21

10.3SaveandPrintYourDrawing

a.Save yourdrawing aschain links-name.dwg.

b.Show your instructorthecompleted drawing.

c.Toprintthedrawing,see Activity 10:SetUpYourPlotWindow,Print on 8.5” × 11”Paper(StudentVideo#11).