Department of Public Health and Environment

Department of public Health and Environment

Water Quality Control Commission

Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations

5 CCR 1003-1

Board of Health

Adopted 02/12/1962
Amended 10/17/1967
Amended 11/16/1977
Amended 07/23/1981 Effective 10/30/1981
Amended 12/21/1988 Effective 01/30/1989
Amended 03/20/1991 Effective 04/30/1991
Amended 07/20/1994 Effective 09/30/1994
Amended 11/16/1994 Effective 01/30/1995
Amended 11/18/1998 Effective 01/30/1999
Amended 03/15/2000 Effective 04/30/2000
Amended 11/14/2001 Effective 12/30/2001
Amended 01/16/2002 Effective 03/02/2002
Amended 07/17/2002 Effective 09/01/2002
Articles 1, 5, 6, 8, 16 Amended 10/16/2002
Effective 12/30/2002
Article 16, Part of Article 5 Amended 10/16/2002
Effective 01/23/2004
Part of Article 6 Amended 10/16/2002
Effective 12/08/2003
Amended 01/15/2003 Effective 01/15/2003
Amended 04/04/2003 Effective 04/04/2003
Amended 05/21/2003 Effective 07/30/2003
Amended 01/24/2004 Effective 03/30/2004
Amended 01/19/2005 Effective 03/30/2005

Water Quality Control Commission

Amended 08/13/2007 Effective 09/30/2007
Amended 07/14/2008 Effective 09/30/2008
Amended 10/14/2008 Effective 11/30/2008
Amended 12/08/2008 Effective 01/30/2009
Amended 10/13/2009 Effective 12/01/2009
Amended 08/09/2010 Effective 11/30/2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Article 1 General Requirements 1

1.1 Authority 1

1.1.1 Purpose 1

1.2 Applicability 1

1.3 Reserved 1

1.4 Effective Date 1

1.5 Definitions of General Applicability 1

1.5.1 Introduction 1

1.5.2 Definitions 2

1.6 Common Provisions 14

1.6.1 Monitoring Requirements 14

1.6.2 Performance Testing 14

1.6.3 Recordkeeping 15

1.6.4 Reporting Requirements 16

1.6.5 Severability Clause 17

1.6.6 Federal Facilities 17

1.6.7 Enforcement Provisions 17

1.6.8 Tampering 18

1.6.9 Special Monitoring for Construction Materials 18

1.6.10 Use of Point-of-Entry Devices 18

1.6.11 Use of Bottled Water 19

1.7 Entry and Inspection of Public Water Systems 19

1.8 Wholesale Systems 20

1.9 Consecutive Systems 20

1.9.1 Monitoring and Reporting Requirements 20

1.9.2 Applicable Maximum Contaminant Levels and Other Requirements 20

1.10 Integrated Systems 20

1.10.1 Requirements for Application for Integrated System Approval 20

1.10.2 Integrated System Approval and Modification 21

1.10.3 Integrated System Responsibilities 21

1.10.4 Removal of a Consecutive System from the Integrated System 22

1.10.5 Separation of a Consecutive System from an Integrated System 22

1.10.6 Dissolution of an Integrated System 22

1.11 Plans Approval for the Location and the Construction of Waterworks 22

1.11.1 Introduction 22

1.11.2 Prior Approval Required 22

1.11.3 Siting Requirements 23

1.11.4 Processing by the Department 23

1.11.5 Procedures Upon Denial 23

1.12 Monitoring Plan 23

1.12.1 Monitoring Plan Required Elements 24

1.12.2 Monitoring Plan Submission Requirements 25

1.12.3 Monitoring Plan Revisions 26

1.13 Guidance Documents and Policy Documents 26

1.13.1 Guidance Document Availability 26

1.13.2 Policy Document Availability 26

1.14 Materials Incorporated by Reference 26

Article 2 MCLs, MCLGs, TTs, ALs, MRDLs, and MRDLGs 27

2.1 MCLs and MCLGs for Organic Chemical Contaminants 27

2.2 MCLs and MCLGs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants 29

2.3 MCLs, MCLGs and Treatment Technique Requirements for Microbiological Contaminants 30

2.4 MCLs and MCLGs for Disinfection Byproducts 31

2.5 MRDLs and MRDLGs for Disinfectants 32

2.6 MCLs and MCLGs for Radionuclides 32

2.7 Action Levels (ALs) and MCLGs for Lead and Copper 32

2.8 Filtration (Turbidity) Treatment for Surface Water Systems 33

2.9 Treatment Techniques for Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin 34

2.10 Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors 34

Article 3 Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels 35

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels 35

3.3 Monitoring 36

3.4 Analytical Methods 36

Article 4 Variances and Exemptions 37

4.1 Introduction 37

4.2 Variances 38

4.3 Small System Variances 39

4.4 Exemptions 40

4.5 Applications for Variances or Exemptions 42

4.6 Disposition of Variances and Exemptions 42

4.7 Public Meetings 43

4.8 Final Order to Grant or Deny Variance or Exemption 44

Article 5 Microbiological Contaminants 45

5.1 Coliform Sampling 45

5.1.1 Routine Monitoring 45

5.1.2 Repeat Monitoring 46

5.2 Investigation of Total Coliform-Positive Routine Microbiological Sample(s) 48

5.3 Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples 48

5.4 Fecal Coliforms/Escherichia coli (E. coli) Testing 49

5.5 Analytical Requirements 50

5.6 Response to Violation 50

5.7 Microbiological Contaminant Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Determination 50

5.8 Best Available Technologies (BATs) for Microbiological Contaminants 51

Article 6 Chemical Contaminants and Radionuclides 51

6.1 Inorganic Chemical Contaminants 51

6.1.1 Applicability 51

6.1.2 Reporting requirements 52

6.1.3 Compliance Determination 52

6.1.4 Best Available Technology (BAT) and Small System Compliance Technology (SSCT) 53

6.1.5 Inorganic Chemical Monitoring 55

6.1.6 Monitoring for Systems Purchasing Water in Addition to Utilizing Water from Other Sources 60

6.1.7 Special Monitoring for Sodium 60

6.2 Organic Chemical Contaminants 61

6.2.1 Applicability 61

6.2.2 Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin Certification 61

6.2.3 Compliance Determination 61

6.2.4 Best Available Technology (BAT) 62

6.2.5 Volatile Organic Chemical Contaminants Monitoring Requirements 64

6.2.6 Synthetic Organic Chemical Contaminant Monitoring Requirements 68

6.3 Radionuclides 70

6.3.1 Applicability 70

6.3.2 Monitoring Requirements for Gross Alpha Particle Activity, Radium-226, Radium-228, and Uranium 71

6.3.3 Monitoring and Compliance Requirements for Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity 73

6.3.4 General Monitoring and Compliance Requirements for Radionuclides 74

6.3.5 Compliance Determination 74

6.3.6 Calculation of Maximum Contaminant Levels for Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity 75

6.4 Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring 77

Article 7 Filtration, Disinfection, and Disinfection Byproducts 78

7.1 Filtration and Disinfection for Surface Water 78

7.1.1 General Requirements 78

7.1.2 Disinfection 78

7.1.3 Filtration 79

7.1.4 Monitoring Requirements 81

7.1.5 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements 82

7.2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment – Systems Serving 10,000 or More 84

7.2.1 General Requirements 84

7.2.2 Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking 84

7.2.3 Filtration 87

7.2.4 Filtration Sampling Requirements 88

7.2.5 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements 88

7.3 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment – Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 90

7.3.1 General Requirements 90

7.3.2 Disinfection Profile 91

7.3.3 Disinfection Benchmark 92

7.3.4 Combined Filter Effluent Requirements 93

7.3.5 Individual Filter Turbidity Requirements 94

7.3.6 Reporting Requirements 96

7.4 Enhanced Treatment for Cryptosporidium 97

7.4.1 General Requirements 97

7.4.2 Source Water Monitoring 98

7.4.3 Sampling schedules 100

7.4.4 Sampling Locations 101

7.4.5 Reporting Source Water Monitoring Results 103

7.4.6 Grandfathering Previously Collected Data 104

7.4.7 Requirements When Making a Significant Change in Disinfection Practice 105

7.4.8 Developing the Disinfection Profile and Benchmark 106

7.4.9 Bin Classification for Filtered Systems 108

7.4.10 Filtered System Additional Cryptosporidium Treatment Requirements 109

7.4.11 Schedule for Compliance with Cryptosporidium Treatment Requirements 110

7.4.12 Requirements for Uncovered Finished Water Storage Facilities 110

7.4.13 Microbial Toolbox Options for Meeting Cryptosporidium Treatment Requirements 110

7.4.14 Source Toolbox Components 112

7.4.15 Pre-filtration Treatment Toolbox Components 114

7.4.16 Treatment Performance Toolbox Components 116

7.4.17 Additional Filtration Toolbox Components 117

7.4.18 Inactivation Toolbox Components 122

7.4.19 Reporting Requirements 125

7.5 Recycle Provisions 128

7.5.1 Applicability 128

7.5.2 Reporting 128

7.5.3 Treatment technique requirement 128

7.6 Disinfectant Residuals, Disinfection Byproducts, and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors 128

7.6.1 General 128

7.6.2 Analytical Requirements 130

7.6.3 Monitoring Requirements 130

7.6.4 Compliance Requirements 136

7.6.5 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements 138

7.6.6 Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors 141

7.7 Initial Distribution System Evaluations (IDSE) 145

7.7.1 General Requirements 145

7.7.2 Standard monitoring 146

7.7.3 System specific studies 149

7.7.4 40/30 Certification 153

7.7.5 Very small system waivers 154

7.7.6 Section 7.8 compliance monitoring location recommendations 154

7.8 Stage 2 Disinfection Byproducts Requirement 156

7.8.1 General requirements 156

7.8.2 Routine monitoring 158

7.8.3 Section 7.8 monitoring plan 160

7.8.4 Reduced monitoring 161

7.8.5 Additional requirements for consecutive systems 162

7.8.6 Conditions requiring increased monitoring 163

7.8.7 Operational evaluation levels 163

7.8.8 Requirements for remaining on reduced TTHM and HAA5 monitoring based on Section 7.8 results 163

7.8.9 Requirements for remaining on increased TTHM and HAA5 monitoring based on Section 7.6 results 164

7.8.10 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements 164

Article 8 Lead and Copper Control 165

8.1 General Requirements 165

8.2 Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper in Tap Water 166

8.3 Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters 177

8.4 Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper in Source Water 183

8.5 Corrosion Control Treatment Steps 185

8.6 Description of Corrosion Control Treatment Requirements 189

8.7 Source Water Treatment Requirements 192

8.8 Lead Service Line Replacement Requirements 194

8.9 Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring Requirements 196

8.10 Reporting Requirements 202

8.11 Recordkeeping Requirements 207

8.12 Prohibition on Use of Lead Pipes, Solder, and Flux 207

Article 9 Consumer Notification 208

9.1 Consumer Confidence Reports 208

9.1.1 Introduction 208

9.1.2 Important Dates 208

9.1.3 Content of the Reports 208

9.1.4 Required Additional Health Information 215

9.1.5 Report Delivery and Recordkeeping 216

9.2 Public Notification 231

9.2.1 Introduction 231

9.2.2 Tier 1 Public Notice Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice 233

9.2.3 Tier 2 Public Notice Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice 234

9.2.4 Tier 3 Public Notice Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice 236

9.2.5 Content of the Public Notice 238

9.2.6 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers 240

9.2.7 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Results 240

9.2.8 Special Notice for Exceedance of the SMCL for Fluoride 240

9.2.9 Special Notice for Nitrate 241

9.2.10 Notice by the Department on Behalf of the Public Water System 241

9.2.11 Special notice for repeated failure to conduct monitoring of the source water for Cryptosporidium and for failure to determine bin classification 241

9.2.12 Special notice for groundwater systems with a waiver from disinfection requirements covered under section 13.2(d) 242

9.2.13 Special notice to the public of significant deficiencies identified at non-community groundwater systems 243

9.2.14 Special notice to the public for groundwater systems with hand pumped wells subject to section 13.2(e) 243

9.2.15 List of Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation 243

Article 10 Analytical Requirements and Laboratory Certification 260

10.1 Bacteriological Analytical Requirements 260

10.1.1 Total Coliform Testing Requirements 260

10.1.2 Fecal Coliform Testing Requirements 261

10.1.3 Escherichia coli Testing Requirements 262

10.1.4 Cryptosporidium Testing Requirements 263

10.1.5 Groundwater Source Testing Requirements 264

10.2 Inorganic Chemical Contaminants Analytical Requirements 265

10.2.1 Cited Detection Limits for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants 265

10.2.2 Inorganic Chemical Contaminants Analysis 266

10.3 Organic Chemical Analytical Requirements 271

10.3.1 Organic Chemical Contaminants Analysis 271

10.3.2 PCB Analysis 275

10.3.3 Cited Detection for Organic Chemical Contaminants 276

10.4 Radionuclide Analytical Requirements 278

10.4.1 Sampling and Analytical Requirements 278

10.4.2 Cited Detection Limits for Radionuclides 280

10.5 Turbidity and Disinfectant Analytical Requirements 281

10.5.1 Turbidity, Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) and Disinfectant Testing Requirements 281

10.6 Calculating Contact Time (CT) Values 282

10.6.1 CT Calculations 282

10.7 Disinfectants, Disinfection Byproducts and Disinfection Byproduct Precursor Analytical Requirements 288

10.7.1 General Analytical Requirements 288

10.7.2 Disinfection Byproduct Analytical Requirements 290

10.7.3 Disinfectant Residual Analytical Requirements 293

10.7.4 Additional Analytical Methods 293

10.8 Lead and Copper Analytical Requirements 294

10.8.1 Lead and Copper Analysis 294

10.9 Alternate Analytical Techniques 295

10.9.1 Use of Other Analytical Methods 295

10.10 Certified Laboratories and Laboratory Certification 295

10.10.1 Certified Laboratories 295

10.10.2 Laboratory Certification for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants 296

10.10.3 Laboratory Certification for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 297

10.10.4 Laboratory Certification for Synthetic Organic Chemiclas (SOCs) 297

10.10.5 Laboratory Certification for Cryptosporidium and E. coli 299

10.11 Laboratory Compositing 299

10.11.1 Compositing of Samples by the Laboratory 299

10.12 Alternative Testing Methods Approved for Analyses 300

Article 11 Sanitary Surveys and Composite Correction Program 311

11.1 Sanitary Surveys 311

11.2 Sanitary Survey Frequency 311

11.3 Sanitary Survey Components 312

11.4 Response to Significant Deficiencies or Violations of Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations in a Sanitary Survey Written Notice 312

11.5 Composite Correction Program 313

Article 12 Hazardous Cross-Connection 314

12.1 Control of Hazardous Cross-Connections 314

12.2 Cross-Connection Control Technician Certification 315

Article 13 Groundwater Rule 315

13.1 General requirements and applicability. 315

13.2 Minimum Treatment Technique Requirements 317

13.3 Groundwater source microbial monitoring and analytical methods. 322

13.4 Additional Treatment Technique Requirements 325

13.5 Recordkeeping Requirements 327

13.6 Reporting Requirements 328

Articles 14-19 Reserved 329

Article 20 Statement of Statutory Authority and Basis and Purpose (July 9, 2007 Rulemaking, Effective September 30, 2007) 329

Article 21 STATEMENT OF BASIS, SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE: July 14, 2008 Rulemaking Hearing; Effective Date September 30, 2008 333

Article 22 STATEMENT OF BASIS, SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE: October 14, 2008 Written Comment Only Rulemaking Hearing; Effective Date November 30, 2008 336

Article 23 STATEMENT OF BASIS, SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE: December 8, 2008; Effective Date January 30, 2009 338

Article 24 STATEMENT OF BASIS, SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE: August 10, 2009 rulemaking; Effective Date December 1, 2009 338

Article 25 STATEMENT OF BASIS, SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE: August 9, 2010 rulemaking; Effective Date November 30, 2010 341

iv

Department of public Health and Environment

Water Quality Control Commission

Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations

5 CCR 1003-1

Article 1 General Requirements

1.1 Authority

Sections 24-4-104, 24-4-105, 25-1.5-101, 25-1.5 Part 2, 25-1-108, 25-1-109, 25-1-114, and 25-1-114.1, Colorado Revised Statutes

1.1.1 Purpose

The purpose of the Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations is to assure the safety of public drinking water supplies, and to enable the State of Colorado to assume responsibility for enforcing the standards established by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (*Public Law 93-523), as amended.

The Water Quality Control Commission, pursuant to Part 2, Article 1.5 of Title 25, Colorado Revised Statutes, has promulgated the Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations.

1.2 Applicability

The Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations shall apply to each public water system, unless the public water system meets all of the following conditions:

(a) Consists only of distribution and storage facilities (and does not have any collection and treatment facilities)