David Campos. Profesor de Educación Física
BACK INJURIES
Our spine is formed by a set of individual pieces , the vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. This structure enables the following functions:
• Clamping body .
• counteract gravity.
• Give mobility.
• Protect the Spinal Cord .
• Serve anchoring ligaments and muscles , which determine the degree of flexibility and stiffness.
Lordosis and kyphosis are natural curvatures columna.la lordosis occurs in cervical and lumbar dorsal kyphosis and sacrum, the natural curves of the spine and will alter with age , injuries and posture , creating hyper or hypo , scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature , with no rotation of vertebrae is a common evil, and while the intervertebral spaces was not diminished.
hiperlordosis
What is?:
Lordosis call to the concavities of the curve. On the back there are two lordosis : the cervical and lumbar . When these curves are really accentuated the call hyperlordosis .
Mechanical hyperlordosis are distinguished:
• pelvic imbalance with forward ( anteversion )
• with pelvic imbalance combined with backward displacement of the lumbar spine and sacrum ( chicken ass )
CAUSES
Although in many cases it is understood that there can be congenital several reasons why this curvature may increase over time :
• Lower abdominal tone, there is very low muscle tone in the abdominal muscles , which leads to an overweight, making it fold excess lumbar spine .
• Pregnancy : hence the frequent back pain in women with an advanced stage of pregnancy.
• repetitive abdominal surgical interventions : as in cases of inguinal hernias with continuous relapses or recurrences.
• Shortened hamstrings : contractured keep the muscles in the back of the legs
hyperkyphosis
Is the curvature of the spine that causes a bowing of the back , leading to a hunchback or slouching posture
Types:
There are a variety of types of kyphosis:
Kyphosis position, which is the most common , usually attributed to poor posture , represents a remarkable but flexible spine curvature . Usually it is noted during adolescence and rarely brings pain or takes long-term problems in adulthood .
Scheuermann kyphosis , which is significantly worse cosmetically and can cause pain . It is considered a form of juvenile spinal disorder and is commonly called Scheuermann 's disease . Often found in adolescents with a more notorious than postural kyphosis deformity. A patient suffering from Scheuermann's kyphosis can not correct your posture by itself. The apex of the curvature , located at the thoracic vertebra is somewhat rigid .
The person suffering from this disease may have pain in the apex , pain can worsen with physical activity and standing or sitting for large amounts of time . Whereas in postural kyphosis the vertebrae and disks appear normal, in Scheuermann are irregular , often wedge-shaped at least three adjacent levels .
Congenital kyphosis can occur in infants in which the spinal column does not develop properly in the womb. The vertebrae may be malformed or fused together and can cause progressive kyphosis as the child develops. Surgical treatment may be necessary at an early time and may help maintain normal curvature along with the observation of the motor changes . Still, the decision to perform this procedure can be very difficult due to the potential risks to the child.
CAUSES
Kyphosis is a spinal deformity that can result from trauma , developmental problems , or degenerative disease. This condition can occur at any age , although it is rare at birth.
Adolescent kyphosis , also known as Scheuermann's disease , is caused by the separation of several vertebrae ( bones of the spine ) consecutive and the cause is unknown .
In adults , kyphosis can result in osteoporotic compression fractures ( fractures caused by osteoporosis) , degenerative diseases such as arthritis, or spondylolisthesis ( slippage of one vertebra forward on another vertebra ) .
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder:
Congenital kyphosis requires corrective surgery at an early age.
Scheuermann 's disease is treated with a brace and physical therapy . Occasionally , surgery is needed for large and painful ( above 60 degrees) curves.
Multiple compression fractures due to osteoporosis can be left alone if there is no pain or neurologic deficit is present, but it is necessary to treat osteoporosis to help prevent future fractures . When a debilitating deformity or pain occurs you can opt for surgery .
It is necessary to treat kyphosis secondary to infection or tumor more aggressively , often with surgery and medications .
The treatment of other types of kyphosis includes identifying its cause and , if neurologic symptoms occur , surgery may be recommended .
scoliosis
Deviation progressive side , side to side of the spine.
Must have a minimum magnitude of 10 ° .
5% of the population over 5 ° deviation (normal).
Origin:
At any age , usually beginning in adolescence and is more common in girls.
Infantile scoliosis is a rare disease .
NORMAL IMAGE COLUMN
IMAGE SCOLIOSIS
CAUSES
The general causes of scoliosis are:
Scoliosis Congenital (present at birth ) is due to a problem in the formation of the bones of the spine (vertebrae ) or fused ribs during development in the womb. These can cause breathing and heart problems.
Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems ( poor muscle control) , muscle weakness or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida and polio.
Usually worse during the growth period .
Scoliosis ( infants and children) is less common and usually affects children.
SIGNS - SYMPTOMS
The most characteristic symptoms
• A shoulder higher than the other
• Rounded shoulders
• Sunken chest
• Abnormally protruding scapula
• Asymmetry waist
• One side of the pelvis leans forward
• Backache
• Fatigue column after spending much time standing or sitting
FACTORS AFFECTING
It is higher in women than in men
In the adult once completed growth, the risk of progression is minimal or absent ,
Progression of scoliosis generates aesthetic and functional problems.