Community Foundation Success Factors

Research Project Report

November 2005

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Catherine Brown & Associates P/L

CONTENTS

Chapter / Page
1 / Introduction / 2
2 / Methodology / 3
3 / Results / 4
4 / Findings / 10
5 / Conclusions / 12
6 / Schedules
  1. People with a Bachelor Degree or Higher as a percentage of all Person aged 15 year or more by Australian statistical divisions (2001 Census of Population and Housing)
  1. Population Density in Australia by SSD/Age Group for 2004
  1. Estimated Resident Population as at 30 June 2004 by SSD
  1. Migration Characteristic of the Australian Population by SSD (2001 Census)
/ 13

© Copyright in this report is held jointly by Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal and Catherine Brown & Associates Pty Ltd. The report may be used for the purposes of community and private education provided the source is acknowledged. The contents of this report may not be used for commercial purposes without the consent of the copyright owners.

1. Introduction

This report has been prepared for the Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal, which has provided funding to more than fifteen community foundations in regional Australia for feasibility studies, seed funding and/or specific projects.

The impetus for this research project came from a presentation by Professor Renee Irvin of the University of Oregon at the Global Symposium of Community Foundations which took place in December 2004 in Berlin. The groundbreaking research by the University of Oregon, The Invisible Hands of Altruists: A Study of Community Foundation Economics,[1] identified several economic factors that are present in a community supporting a successful community foundation in the US.

The University of Oregon Study of Community Foundation Economics applied detailed census data over community foundation financial outcome data to identify the factors likely to lead to the establishment of a successful community foundation. The study linked 630 community foundations across the US to census data on:

  • Income from various sources;
  • Age;
  • Ethnicity;
  • Education level;
  • Population density; and
  • Population stability.

Interestingly, overall neither level of income nor level of wealth was a determinant of successful growth of community foundations or their assets.

However, the factors that did indicate likely success were:

  1. A stable population;
  2. Higher geographic density; and
  3. A highly educated population.

“Interestingly, mobility and density of the population interact when they are measured against community foundation assets.”[2]

Prof Irvin recommended that the age of the population (i.e. % of the population over 65 years) should also be included as a factor in this project as an older population is also a factor for success in the US context.

This project aims to translate the findings of the University of Oregon study in order to identify the areas of rural and regional Australia that are more likely support a successful community foundation in the long term. FRRR has supported the formation of more than 15 community foundations in rural and regional Australia and is keen to be strategic in the support it provides to future community foundations.

It is important to note that the University of Oregon study is focused on financial success i.e. size of assets. Other factors will influence the ability of a community foundation to play a community building role in its particular community. The measures for assessing social capital are longer term. The annual audit carried out by the Toronto Community Foundation[3] is an example of this approach.

Essentially, the usefulness of this research project is that a community foundation that is located in an area which scores well on the success factor ranking system will find it easier to build its funds and achieve sustainability. It will be operating in a helpful economic environment.

2. Methodology

The project has been approached in the following stages:

Stage 1 / Confirmation of indicators of success with Prof Renee Irvin of the University of Oregon. Clarify measures and check applicability to data available through the Australian Bureau of Statistics. After further consultation indicators were established to provide data against the four key factors.
Stage 2 / Commission research from Australian Bureau of Statistics Consultancy Service to analyse census data by statistical divisions (several local government areas) against indicators. Additional age distribution data was obtained following a recommendation from the University of Oregon. These results are contained in the Schedule to the report. (Additional data on population mobility was generated by ABS that proved difficult to apply due to the change in data collection before and after 1991.)
Stage 3 / The data sets were analysed and quartiles established for each indicator. This stage is explained in the following table. Each Australian statistical division was assigned a ranking in the four factors for success and a final overall score calculated. Areas with 10 or more out of a possible 16 scored very well. Areas of 8 or 9 demonstrated some positive factors. Areas under 7 will find it difficult to support a community foundation from a financial point of view.

Current data for Australia provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics has been analysed against the following indicators and each statistical division has been assigned a ranking against each factor using four quartiles. Each indicator has been weighted equally. The cut off points were chosen to reflect the spread of results in each area. This ranking system is summarized in the following table.

Factor / Measure / Ranking 1 / Ranking 2 / Ranking 3 / Ranking 4
Education level / % of the population with bachelor’s degree or higher / 0-9.9% / 10-19.9% / 20-20.9% / 30%+
Population density / Population per 1,000 sq km / 1-249 / 250-499 / 500-749 / 750+
Population stability / % of the population living in the same house for the past 5 years / 30-39.9% / 40-49.9% / 50-59.9% / 60%+
Population age / % of population aged over 65 / 0-3.5% / 3.6-6.9% / 7-9.9% / 10%+

The Research Reports prepared by the ABS Consultancy Services are attached in the Schedule to this Report.

3. Results

The results that were generated once scores had been assigned to each statistical division are set out in the following few pages. The statistical divisions are arranged by state or territory in the following order: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, and Northern Territory.

The full results are included as it is helpful to view Australia by state and by regions rather than splitting out the high performing areas. The next section of this report reviews the findings from the data.

The highest possible overall score is 16. The highest actual ranking is 13 (i.e. 81.25%) for Inner Western Sydney, Lower Northern Sydney, and Boorondara City (in Melbourne). Areas which scored 10 or above are shown in bold font.

COMMUNITY FOUNDATION SUCCESS FACTOR SCORES BY AUSTRALIAN STATISTICAL REGIONS
Original Source of Data:
Australian Bureau of Statistics / Population / Population / % over
2001 Census of Population and Housing / Education / Density / Stability / 65 years / OVERALL
Ranking / Ranking / Ranking / Ranking / RANKING
10505 Inner Sydney / 3 / 4 / 1 / 2 / 10
10510 Eastern Suburbs / 3 / 4 / 2 / 3 / 12
10515 St George-Sutherland / 2 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 10
10520 Canterbury-Bankstown / 1 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 10
10525 Fairfield-Liverpool / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7
10530 Outer South Western Sydney / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 6
10535 Inner Western Sydney / 3 / 4 / 3 / 3 / 13
10540 Central Western Sydney / 2 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 10
10545 Outer Western Sydney / 2 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 7
10553 Blacktown / 1 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 8
10555 Lower Northern Sydney / 4 / 4 / 2 / 3 / 13
10560 Central Northern Sydney / 3 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 9
10565 Northern Beaches / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 9
10570 Gosford-Wyong / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
11005 Newcastle / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
11010 Hunter SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
11505 Wollongong / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 9
11507 Nowra-Bomaderry / 1 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 6
11510 Illawarra SD Bal / 1 / 1 / 3 / 4 / 8
12005 Tweed Heads / 1 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 8
12007 Lismore / 2 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 7
12010 Richmond-Tweed SD Bal / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
12501 Coffs Harbour / 1 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 7
12503 Port Macquarie / 1 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 8
12505 Clarence (excl. Coffs Harbour) / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
12510 Hastings (excl. Port Macquarie) / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
13005 Tamworth / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
13010 Northern Slopes (excl. Tamworth) / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
13015 Northern Tablelands / 2 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 8
13020 North Central Plain / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
13501 Dubbo / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
13505 Central Macquarie (excl. Dubbo) / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
13510 Macquarie-Barwon / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
13515 Upper Darling / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
14005 Bathurst-Orange / 2 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 7
14010 Central Tablelands (excl. Bathurst-Orange) / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
14015 Lachlan / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
14505 Queanbeyan / 2 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 6
14510 Southern Tablelands (excl. Queanbeyan) / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
14515 Lower South Coast / 1 / 1 / 3 / 4 / 8
14520 Snowy / 2 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 8
15005 Wagga Wagga / 2 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 8
15010 Central Murrumbidgee (excl. Wagga Wagga) / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
15015 Lower Murrumbidgee / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
15505 Albury / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
15510 Upper Murray (excl. Albury) / 1 / 0 / 4 / 4 / 9
15515 Central Murray / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
15520 Murray-Darling / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
16010 Far West / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
20505 Inner Melbourne / 4 / 4 / 1 / 2 / 11
20510 Western Melbourne / 1 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 8
20520 Melton-Wyndham / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 5
20525 Moreland City / 2 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 11
20530 Northern Middle Melbourne / 2 / 3 / 4 / 3 / 12
20535 Hume City / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7
20540 Northern Outer Melbourne / 2 / 1 / 4 / 2 / 9
20545 Boroondara City / 4 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 13
20550 Eastern Middle Melbourne / 3 / 2 / 4 / 3 / 12
20555 Eastern Outer Melbourne / 2 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 9
20560 Yarra Ranges Shire Part A / 2 / 1 / 4 / 2 / 8
20565 Southern Melbourne / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 12
20575 Greater Dandenong City / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
20580 South Eastern Outer Melbourne / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 6
20585 Frankston City / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
20590 Mornington Peninsula Shire / 2 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 8
21005 Greater Geelong City Part A / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
21010 East Barwon / 2 / 1 / 3 / 4 / 9
21015 West Barwon / 1 / 1 / 4 / 2 / 7
21501 Warrnambool City / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 9
21505 Hopkins / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
21510 Glenelg / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
22005 Ballarat City / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
22010 East Central Highlands / 2 / 1 / 4 / 2 / 8
22015 West Central Highlands / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
22505 South Wimmera / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
22510 North Wimmera / 1 / 0 / 4 / 4 / 9
23005 Mildura Rural City Part A / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
23010 West Mallee / 1 / 0 / 4 / 4 / 9
23015 East Mallee / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
23505 Greater Bendigo City Part A / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
23510 North Loddon / 1 / 1 / 4 / 3 / 8
23520 South Loddon / 2 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7
24005 Greater Shepparton City Part A / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
24010 North Goulburn / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
24015 South Goulburn / 1 / 0 / 3 / 4 / 8
24020 South West Goulburn / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 6
24505 Wodonga / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
24510 West Ovens-Murray / 1 / 1 / 4 / 3 / 8
24515 East Ovens-Murray / 2 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 8
25005 East Gippsland Shire / 1 / 0 / 3 / 4 / 8
25015 Wellington Shire / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
25505 La Trobe Valley / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
25510 West Gippsland / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
25520 South Gippsland / 1 / 0 / 3 / 4 / 8
30505 Brisbane City / 2 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 7
30510 Gold Coast City Part A / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
30515 Beaudesert Shire Part A / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 5
30520 Caboolture Shire Part A / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
30525 Ipswich City (Part in BSD) / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7
30530 Logan City / 1 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 6
30540 Pine Rivers Shire / 2 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 6
30545 Redcliffe City / 1 / 2 / 2 / 4 / 9
30550 Redland Shire / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 6
31005 Gold Coast City Part B / 1 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 6
31015 Sunshine Coast / 1 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 7
31020 Moreton SD Bal / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 6
31505 Bundaberg / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
31507 Hervey Bay City Part A / 1 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 7
31510 Wide Bay-Burnett SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
32001 Toowoomba / 2 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 8
32005 Darling Downs SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
32505 South West / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
33005 Rockhampton / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
33010 Gladstone / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
33015 Fitzroy SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 5
33505 Central West / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
34005 Mackay City Part A / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 6
34010 Mackay SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 5
34505 Townsville City Part A / 2 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 7
34510 Thuringowa City Part A / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 5
34515 Northern SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
35005 Cairns City Part A / 2 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 7
35010 Far North SD Bal / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
35505 North West / 1 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 4
40505 Northern Adelaide / 1 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7
40510 Western Adelaide / 1 / 2 / 4 / 4 / 11
40515 Eastern Adelaide / 3 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 10
40520 Southern Adelaide / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 9
41005 Barossa / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
41010 Kangaroo Island / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
41015 Mt Lofty Ranges / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
41020 Fleurieu / 1 / 1 / 3 / 4 / 8
41505 Yorke / 1 / 0 / 4 / 4 / 9
41510 Lower North / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
42005 Riverland / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
42010 Murray Mallee / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
42505 Upper South East / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
42510 Lower South East / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
43005 Lincoln / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
43010 West Coast / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
43505 Whyalla / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
43515 Pirie / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
43520 Flinders Ranges / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
43525 Far North / 1 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 4
50505 Central Metropolitan / 4 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 11
50510 East Metropolitan / 2 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 7
50515 North Metropolitan / 2 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 8
50520 South West Metropolitan / 2 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 8
50525 South East Metropolitan / 2 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 6
51001 Mandurah / 1 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 6
51003 Bunbury / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 6
51010 Preston / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
51015 Vasse / 2 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 7
51020 Blackwood / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
51505 Pallinup / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
51510 King / 1 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 6
52005 Hotham / 1 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 7
52010 Lakes / 1 / 0 / 4 / 2 / 7
52505 Moore / 1 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 5
52510 Avon / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
52515 Campion / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
53001 Kalgoorlie/Boulder City Part A / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 4
53005 Lefroy / 1 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 4
53010 Johnston / 1 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 5
53503 Geraldton / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
53505 Gascoyne / 1 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 5
53510 Carnegie / 2 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 4
53515 Greenough River / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
54005 De Grey / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 3
54010 Fortescue / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 3
54505 Ord / 1 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 4
54510 Fitzroy / 2 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 5
60505 Greater Hobart / 2 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 8
61005 Southern / 1 / 0 / 4 / 2 / 7
61505 Greater Launceston / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
61510 Central North / 1 / 0 / 4 / 2 / 7
61515 North Eastern / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 8
62005 Burnie-Devonport / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 7
62010 North Western Rural / 1 / 0 / 4 / 2 / 7
62015 Lyell / 1 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 6
70505 Darwin City / 2 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 6
70510 Palmerston-East Arm / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 3
70520 Litchfield Shire / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 4
71005 Finniss / 1 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 5
71010 Bathurst-Melville / 1 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 6
71015 Alligator / 1 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 6
71020 Daly / 1 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 6
71025 East Arnhem / 1 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 6
71030 Lower Top End NT / 1 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 4
71035 Barkly / 1 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 5
71040 Central NT / 2 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 5
80505 North Canberra / 4 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 9
80510 Belconnen / 3 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 9
80515 Woden Valley / 4 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 12
80520 Weston Creek-Stromlo / 3 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 10
80525 Tuggeranong / 2 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 7
80535 South Canberra / 4 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 10
80540 Gungahlin-Hall / 3 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 5
81005 Australian Capital Territory - Bal / 4 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 8
91005 Other Territories / 2 / 1 / 3 / 1 / 6
© Commonwealth of Australia 2005

4. Findings

The first two provisos to make before commenting on the findings are:

  1. The scores do not measure community spirit or community leadership potential. They are an indicator of likely financial health i.e. a higher score indicates conditions which will make raising an endowment and flow through funds easier.
  1. Community foundations located in more difficult fund development environments can still add value to their community through knowledge and leadership but it will be much more difficult to achieve sustainability.

The findings explain why some community foundations have faced a great deal of difficulty becoming financially sustainable despite a tremendous amount of effort and commitment from a small team of committed individuals. Given the low population density in many parts of rural Australia, the scores are generally lower in those areas. In a rural context, a result of 8 or 9 is quite a strong result.

The overall rankings for the statistical areas within Tasmania indicate that there is no outstanding area to use as a springboard for the community foundation within that state. Even Greater Hobart and Greater Launceston only achieve a score of 8 and 7 respectively, with North Eastern scoring 8.

In a similar vein, the lack of progress in Northern Territory, despite several visits and approaches by Philanthropy Australia, reflects the unhelpful fund development environment. Darwin City scores 6, reflecting a young population, low population density and only a moderate level of tertiary education and population stability.

By contrast, one would expect to see more successful community foundation activity in the Australian Capital Territory given the high scores around Canberra, particularly Woden Valley, Weston Creek-Stromlo and South Canberra.

Only 37.7% of the statistical division areas scored 8 or higher on the possible ranking. Another 27.1 % scored 7. The community foundations located in areas rating 7 will depend on strong community leadership and finding a niche role in the community in order to be successful. These roles will be diverse but must be seen to add value to the community. “Community foundations can now choose from a wide range of strategic roles in their communities, from building and sharing knowledge, brokering regional collaboration, and shaping community discourse to nurturing new philanthropists, building community capacity and leadership…”[4]

Areas with a ranking under 7 are likely to find achieving sustainability very difficult. If they cannot find a viable niche role or if they do not have exceptional rural leadership amongst the Board and Executive Officer, they are likely to struggle.

Community foundations in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide and Perth are all operating in helpful environments. Boroondara City is one of the three most highly scoredareas overall, which is reflected by that particular community foundation’s growing success.

In regional Victoria, the region in which the Geelong Community Foundation operates includes a statistical division with 8 and 9. Warrnambool City also ranks at 9 with neighbouring areas ranking at 8. Ballarat, East and West Central Highlands also score 8. North Wimmera and West Mallee score 9, although Mildura City ranks only 7. Greater Bendigo and North Loddon rank 8. South Goulburn, East Gippsland and South Goulburn (Benalla) score 8. This means that the only reasonably high ranking location not covered by an existing or emerging community foundation in Victoria is North Wimmera (Horsham and Warracknabeal).

Albury Wodonga Region Community Foundation has been wise to expand beyond Albury and Wodonga (which rank 7 and 5 respectively). On the Victorian side of the Murray River, West and East Ovens-Murray rank 8. One the New South Wales side, Upper Murray ranks 9.

Other areas in New South Wales that currently support a community foundation, scored variably. Newcastle and Hunter scored 7, indicating a need for very strong leadership and finding a niche role. Illawarra (Wingecarribee), Richmond-Tweed (Northern Rivers), Snowy (Tumut) and Lower South Coast (Mumbulla) scored 8.

Areas where there is currently no community foundation but which have potential include Wollongong with a score of 9 and the following (with a score of 8): Lachlan, Wagga, Central Murrumbidgee, Port Macquarie, Northern Slopes(excl Tamworth) and the Northern Tablelands.

Apart from outback areas which scored low, regional South Australia scored in the range of 7 and 8, except for Fleurieu, which scored 9. This is an area that could be explored.

Perth Central Metropolitan scored 11. There was no ranking above 7 in rural and regional Western Australia. The Western Australia Community Foundation, based in Perth, makes sense in this context although one would expect Perth residents to subsidise other regions. It is also not surprising that the feasibility studies carried out in the Wheatbelt and Poole Region did not recommend proceeding.

Queensland does not score well overall with Redcliffe City having the top score at 9. Other areas, which scored relatively well, were Bundaberg and Toowoomba with 8. Several areas scored 7: Cairns, Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay City, Wide Bay-Burnett, Darling Downs, and Rockhampton.

5. Conclusions

  1. Most community foundations that have been funded by FRRR are in reasonably positive fund development environments in the Australian context. The exceptions are Tasmania (with better findings in Hobart and North East) and Rockhampton (Central Queensland).
  1. Tasmania will not find its task easy. Fund development focused on Hobart and the North East will do best.
  1. It would be wise to review the community foundation models in Queensland to find the most sustainable model for those communities which want to build local independent philanthropy. Many parts of Queensland do not have helpful operating environments for a community foundation.
  1. There is little likelihood of a community foundation achieving financial success in the Northern Territory or outback South Australia without exceptional external funding support.
  1. Community foundations in North Wimmera in Victoria and Fleurieu in South Australia should be supported if community leaders emerge from these regions.
  1. The following areas have potential in New South Wales, again subject to strong community commitment being demonstrated: Wollongong, Lachlan, Wagga, Central Murrumbidgee, Port Macquarie, Northern Slopes (excl Tamworth) and the Northern Tablelands.
  1. It is not surprising that the two feasibility studies funded in regional Western Australia did not result in a decision to proceed.

SCHEDULE

Australian Bureau of Statistics

Special Reports prepared by ABS Consultancy Service, 2005

  1. People with a Bachelor Degree or Higher as a percentage of all Person aged 15 year or more by Australian statistical divisions (2001 Census of Population and Housing)
  1. Population Density in Australia by SSD/Age Group for 2004
  1. Estimated Resident Population as at 30 June 2004 by SSD
  1. Migration Characteristic of the Australian Population by SSD (2001 Census)

1

cb& Catherine Brown & Associates P/L

[1]The Invisible Hand of Altruists: a study of Community Foundation Economics, University of Oregon, Prof Renee Irvin PhD, Draft 2004

[2]The Invisible Hand of Altruists: a study of Community Foundation Economics, University of Oregon, Prof Renee Irvin PhD, Draft March 2005

[3]Vital Signs, Toronto Community Foundation, 2005

[4]On the Brink of New Promise: The Future of US Community Foundations, Monitor Group, Bernholz, Fulton and Kasper, 2005,p6