Climate-Change Signals in National Atmospheric Deposition Program Precipitation Data, 1979-2013
Climate Dynamics
Climate-Change Signals in National Atmospheric Deposition Program Precipitation Data, 1979-2013 - Appendix
Gregory A. Wetherbee, USGS, , 303-236-1837
U.S. Geologiccal Survey, BQS, Mail Stop 401, Box 25046, DFC, Denver, CO 80225Page | 1
Online Resource
Table A.1. Seasonal changes indicated by previous investigations with comparison to this study.
[S/P, annual snow water equivalentdepth:total precipitation depth; %, percent;oC, degrees Celsius]
Location(s) / Climate Indicator / Observed Changes / Period Analyzed / ReferencesHydrologic Systems
USA and global / Many / Many / B.C. – present / USEPA, 2014
Northern Hemisphere mid-high latitudes / Freeze-free periods / Trend toward lengthening / 1902-2002 / Walther et al., 2002
Northern Hemisphere mid-high latitudes / Annual precipitation amount / +0.5 to 1% / decade / 1902-2002 / Walther et al., 2002
Northern Hemisphere mid-high latitudes / Snow and ice cover - satellite data / -10% / 1902-2002 / Walther et al., 2002
Northern Hemisphere / Week of last springtime snow cover / Shift +3 to +5 days earlier / decade / 1972-2000 / Dye, 2002
Northern Hemisphere / Snow-free period / +5 to +6 days / decade / 1972-2000 / Dye, 2002
Mid-latitudes / Frequency of heavy precipitation / Widespread increase / 1900-2000 / Groisman et al., 2005
Subtropics / Annual precipitation amount / -0.3% per decade / 1902-2002 / Walther et al., 2002
North America / Mean air temperature change / +0.33oC / 1973-1992 / Karl et al., 1993
North America / Snow cover - satellite measured / Decreased 6 x 105 square kilometers / 1973-1992 / Karl et al., 1993
Continental USA / Increased November-April streamflow / Nearly 50% of 1,036 stations / 1948-1988 / Lettenmaier et al.,
1994
Continental USA / Regionally variable shifts in catchment precipitation and runoff / Seasonal and regional shifts in snowpack, and runoff peaks and amounts / 1948-2002 / Coopersmith et al., 2014
Continental USA / Increasing March temperature / > 50% of 1,036 stations / 1948-1988 / Lettenmaier et al., 1994
Location(s) / Climate Indicator / Observed Changes / Period Analyzed / References
Continental USA / Decreased temperature range / Many stations / 1948-1988 / Lettenmaier et al., 1994
Continental USA / Increasing September-December precipitation / As much as 25 % of 1036 stations / 1948-1988 / Lettenmaier et al., 1994
Southern Canada / Annual precipitation amount / +13% over period / 1891-1990 / Groisman and Easterling, 1994
Canada north of 55o north latitude / Annual precipitation amount / +20% over period / 1950-1990 / Groisman and Easterling, 1994
Contiguous USA / Annual precipitation amount / +4% over period / 1891-1990 / Groisman and Easterling, 1994
Contiguous USA / Last spring frost / -5 to -15 days over record / 1949-1999 / Easterling, 2002
Contiguous USA / Annual frost-free period / +0.3 to +5.4 days / decade / 1949-1999 / Easterling, 2002
Contiguous USA / Annual precipitation amount / +2 to 3% / decade / 1890-1990 / Karl et al., 1993
Contiguous USA / Extreme precipitation events / Upward trends from increased frontal and tropical cyclones / 1895-2009 / Kunkel et al., 2012
Contiguous USA, 35.6o - 48.8o north latitude / Snow season duration / -2.1 to -6.2 days / decade / 1979-2013 / This Study
Contiguous USA, 35.6o - 48.8o north latitude / Annual S/P / + 0 to 0.9% / decade / 1979-2013 / This Study
Northeastern USA / Winter snow cover / Mean shift -3.6 days/decade / 1965-2005 / Burakowski et al., 2008
Northeastern USA / Winter air temperature / Mean shift +0.43 oC/decade / Burakowski et al., 2008
Table A.1. - Concluded
Location(s) / Climate Indicator / Observed Changes / Period Analyzed / ReferencesNew England States, USA / Annual S/P / Mostly decreasing trends, -7% overall since 1949 / 1949-2000 / Huntington et al., 2004
New England States, USA / Spring runoff peak flows / 7 to 14 days earlier over record / 1950-2000 / Hodgkins et al., 2003
New England States, USA / River ice out / Earlier 0.21 days / year / 1931-2002 / Huntington et al., 2003
New England States, USA / March 1 Piscataquis River ice thickness / Average decrease: -23 centimeters over record / 1912-2001 / Huntington et al., 2003
Northwestern USA / April 1st snowpack water equivalent / -15 to -60 percent / 1950-2000 / Mote, 2006
California Sierra Nevada, USA / Snowpack center of mass date / Shift +0.6 days/decade / 1930-2008 / Kapnick and Hall, 2009
Natural Systems Phenology
Western USA / Honeysuckle and lilac first bloom / +7 to +21 days / 1955-1995 / Cayan et al., 2001
Northern Hemisphere / 1,598 species northern boundaries / 6.1 kilometers northward / decade / 1866-2006 / Parmesan, 2006
Northern Hemisphere / 1,598 species elevational boundaries / 6.1 meters upward / decade / 1866-2006 / Parmesan, 2006
Northern Hemisphere / Species phenological responses / +2.3 days / decade / 1866-2006 / Parmesan, 2006
Caribean, Europe, New Zealand, North America, Antarctic / Species latitudinal and altitudinal range shifts / Northward or upward expansions, others / 1902-2002 / Walther et al., 2002
Global / Avian spring migration advancement / Average: -0.24 days / year for various periods of record / 20 - 41 years / Gienapp et al., 2007
Table A.2 next page
Table A.2 Results of Mann-Kendall Test for trend in snow-season duration (SSd) for evaluated National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) sites.
Mann-Kendall StatisticsSite ID / Latitude (degrees north) / Longitude (degrees west) / Tau / s / z standard normal deviate / Trend p-value / Y
intercept / Slope
(days/
year) / Siteyears / Startyear / Delta, Start – 2013, (days)
AK03 / 63.7232 / 148.968 / -0.104 / -55 / -0.837 / 0.4023 / 1227.5 / -0.5 / 34 / 1979 / -16.5
CA75 / 36.5661 / 118.778 / -0.115 / -57 / -0.908 / 0.3636 / 1874.9 / -0.8452 / 34 / 1979 / -27.9
CO00 / 37.4414 / 105.865 / -0.011 / -6 / -0.078 / 0.9382 / 325.62 / -0.0769 / 34 / 1979 / -2.5
CO01 / 38.1178 / 103.316 / -0.172 / -75 / -13.22 / 0.1863 / 2084.1 / -0.96 / 30 / 1983 / -27.8
CO02 / 40.0547 / 105.589 / -0.296 / -120 / -2.234 / 0.0255 / 3193.5 / -1.453 / 30 / 1983 / -42.1
CO15 / 40.5077 / 107.703 / -0.289 / -162 / -2.388 / 0.0169 / 2974.7 / -1.391 / 35 / 1978 / -47.3
CO19 / 40.3639 / 105.581 / -0.203 / -107 / -1.644 / 0.1002 / 1900.9 / -0.8297 / 34 / 1979 / -27.4
CO21 / 39.1008 / 105.093 / -0.042 / -25 / -0.341 / 0.7331 / 625.83 / -0.2083 / 35 / 1978 / -7.1
CO22 / 40.8055 / 104.755 / -0.107 / -60 / -0.875 / 0.3815 / 811.81 / -0.3077 / 35 / 1978 / -10.5
CO97 / 40.5383 / 106.677 / -0.281 / -114 / -2.121 / 0.0339 / 2557.6 / -1.143 / 30 / 1983 / -33.1
CO98 / 40.2878 / 105.663 / 0.156 / 68 / 1.196 / 0.2319 / -1483.3 / 0.8696 / 30 / 1983 / 25.2
CO99 / 37.1981 / 108.4903 / 0.151 / 75 / 1.2 / 0.2301 / -2072.5 / 1.134 / 33 / 1980 / 36.3
IA08 / 42.9097 / 91.4700 / -0.089 / -36 / -0.657 / 0.5112 / 998.11 / -0.4268 / 29 / 1984 / -12.0
IA23 / 40.9631 / 93.3925 / 0.047 / -19 / -0.338 / 0.7355 / 599.05 / -0.2321 / 29 / 1984 / -6.5
ID03 / 43.4605 / 113.555 / 0.002 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 208.5 / 0 / 33 / 1980 / 0.0
ID11 / 43.2053 / 116.749 / -0.389 / -147 / -2.885 / 0.0039 / 7945.8 / -3.9 / 30 / 1983 / -113.1
IL11 / 40.0528 / 88.3719 / -0.291 / -163 / -2.402 / 0.0163 / 2124 / -1 / 35 / 1978 / -34.0
IL18 / 41.8414 / 88.8511 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 140 / 0 / 33 / 1980 / 0.0
IL63 / 37.4356 / 88.6719 / -0.044 / -23 / -0.341 / 0.7332 / 579.1 / -0.2554 / 35 / 1978 / -8.7
IN20 / 40.8401 / 85.4639 / -0.055 / -24 / -0.411 / 0.6813 / 558.24 / -0.2105 / 30 / 1983 / -6.1
IN22 / 38.7408 / 87.4855 / 0.086 / 35 / 0.638 / 0.5234 / -846.97 / 0.4722 / 29 / 1984 / 13.2
IN34 / 41.6318 / 87.0881 / 0.095 / 50 / 0.761 / 0.4469 / -580.27 / 0.3542 / 34 / 1979 / 11.7
IN41 / 40.4749 / 86.9924 / -0.237 / -110 / -1.853 / 0.0638 / 2518.6 / -1.2 / 32 / 1981 / -37.2
KS07 / 37.6511 / 94.8036 / 0.007 / 3 / 0.038 / 0.9701 / 69.568 / 0.02273 / 30 / 1983 / 0.7
KS31 / 39.1022 / 96.6092 / -0.138 / -64 / -1.071 / 0.2842 / 1717.4 / -0.8 / 31 / 1982 / -24.0
KY03 / 37.7047 / 85.0489 / 0.103 / 39 / 0.752 / 0.4523 / -1345.2 / 0.7071 / 30 / 1983 / 20.5
KY22 / 37.0778 / 82.9936 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 124 / 0 / 30 / 1983 / 0.0
KY35 / 38.1183 / 83.5469 / 0.214 / 93 / 1.642 / 0.1006 / -2246.9 / 1.182 / 30 / 1983 / 34.3
MA01 / 41.9758 / 70.0247 / -0.165 / -82 / -1.315 / 0.1887 / 1828.5 / -0.8606 / 32 / 1981 / -26.7
MA08 / 42.3925 / 72.3444 / -0.359 / -167 / -2.823 / 0.0048 / 3672 / -1.778 / 32 / 1981 / -55.1
MD13 / 38.9131 / 76.1525 / -0.269 / -117 / -2.072 / 0.0383 / 1996.2 / -0.9545 / 31 / 1982 / -28.6
ME00 / 46.8675 / 68.0134 / -0.288 / -152 / -2.342 / 0.0192 / 1645.4 / -0.7238 / 34 / 1979 / -23.9
ME02 / 44.1075 / 70.7289 / -0.103 / -51 / -0.812 / 0.417 / 924.84 / -0.3897 / 33 / 1980 / -12.5
ME09 / 45.4891 / 69.6647 / -0.284 / -150 / -2.31 / 0.0209 / 2531.6 / -1.172 / 34 / 1979 / -38.7
ME98 / 44.3772 / 68.2608 / -0.079 / -39 / -0.617 / 0.5375 / 507.18 / -0.1818 / 32 / 1981 / -5.6
MI09 / 45.5608 / 84.6783 / -0.2 / -112 / -1.647 / 0.0995 / 1666.4 / -0.75 / 35 / 1978 / -25.5
MI26 / 42.4103 / 85.3928 / -0.187 / -105 / -1.542 / 0.1231 / 1772 / -0.8182 / 35 / 1978 / -27.8
MI53 / 44.2242 / 85.8186 / -0.207 / -123 / -1.733 / 0.0831 / 1672 / -0.75 / 35 / 1978 / -25.5
MI99 / 47.1047 / 88.5514 / 0.08 / 35 / 0.607 / 0.5438 / -440.39 / 0.3182 / 31 / 1982 / 9.5
MN16 / 47.5311 / 93.4686 / 0.276 / 164 / 2.317 / 0.0205 / -1815 / 1 / 35 / 1978 / 34.0
MN18 / 47.9464 / 91.4961 / -0.254 / -134 / -2.062 / 0.0392 / 32493.2 / -1.163 / 33 / 1980 / -37.2
MN23 / 46.2494 / 94.4972 / 0.06 / 26 / 0.446 / 0.6553 / -459.39 / 0.3182 / 30 / 1983 / 9.2
Table A.2 -Continued
MN27 / 44.2369 / 95.3010 / -0.234 / -131 / -1.928 / 0.0539 / 2148.5 / -1 / 35 / 1978 / -34.0
MO03 / 38.7536 / 92.1989 / -0.093 / -46 / -0.73 / 0.4654 / 1077.1 / -0.4889 / 32 / 1981 / -15.2
MO05 / 36.9108 / 90.3186 / -0.085 / -42 / -0.665 / 0.506 / 861.61 / -0.3925 / 32 / 1981 / -12.2
MT00 / 45.5686 / 107.438 / -0.099 / -40 / -0.732 / 0.4641 / 1194.6 / -0.5045 / 30 / 1983 / -14.6
MT05 / 48.5103 / 113.996 / -0.077 / -38 / -0.6 / 0.5483 / 1108.1 / -0.4559 / 34 / 1979 / -15.0
MT07 / 46.4850 / 112.065 / 0.071 / 25 / 0.5 / 0.6168 / -869.82 / 0.5455 / 30 / 1983 / 15.8
ND08 / 48.7820 / 97.7546 / -0.018 / -8 / -0.013 / 0.9006 / 466 / -0.1429 / 30 / 1983 / -4.1
ND11 / 47.1247 / 99.2381 / 0.286 / 116 / 2.16 / 0.0308 / -3144.7 / 1.67 / 30 / 1983 / 48.4
NE15 / 41.1528 / 96.4912 / -0.138 / -82 / -1.151 / 0.2498 / 1313.8 / -0.5926 / 35 / 1978 / -20.1
NH02 / 43.9433 / 71.7029 / -0.271 / -161 / -2.274 / 0.023 / 1884.9 / -0.8571 / 35 / 1978 / -29.1
NJ99 / 40.3154 / 74.8536 / -0.065 / -32 / -0.503 / 0.6149 / 504.32 / -0.2042 / 32 / 1981 / -6.3
NM07 / 35.7817 / 106.268 / 0.133 / 66 / 1.055 / 0.2915 / -2154.2 / 1.158 / 32 / 1981 / 35.9
NY08 / 42.7339 / 76.6597 / -0.207 / -116 / -1.706 / 0.0881 / 2145.5 / -1 / 35 / 1978 / -34.0
NY10 / 42.2994 / 79.3964 / -0.25 / -132 / -2.031 / 0.0423 / 2182.4 / -1.019 / 34 / 1979 / -33.6
NY20 / 43.9731 / 74.2231 / -0.19 / -113 / -1.593 / 0.1112 / 1683.5 / -0.7407 / 35 / 1978 / -25.2
NY68 / 41.9936 / 74.5031 / -0.12 / -52 / -0.91 / 0.3627 / 1840.4 / -0.8333 / 30 / 1983 / -24.2
NY98 / 44.3933 / 73.8594 / 0.17 / 69 / 1.276 / 0.2019 / -1853.9 / 1.038 / 30 / 1983 / 30.1
NY99 / 41.3511 / 74.0484 / -0.108 / -47 / -0.821 / 0.4115 / 1130.2 / -0.5 / 30 / 1983 / -14.5
OH09 / 39.5309 / 84.7238 / -0.335 / -136 / -2.534 / 0.0113 / 4221.8 / -2.054 / 29 / 1984 / -57.5
OH17 / 40.3555 / 83.0661 / 0.1825 / 108 / 1.52 / 0.1284 / -1623.5 / 0.875 / 35 / 1978 / 29.8
OH49 / 39.7928 / 81.5311 / -0.039 / -22 / -0.311 / 0.7555 / 497.84 / -0.1875 / 35 / 1978 / -6.4
OH71 / 40.7822 / 81.9200 / -0.013 / -7 / 0.093 / 0.9259 / 169.98 / -0.0185 / 35 / 1978 / -0.6
OR09 / 43.1217 / 121.058 / 0.101 / -44 / -0.768 / 0.4426 / 1425.6 / -0.625 / 30 / 1983 / -18.1
OR10 / 44.2133 / 122.253 / 0.254 / 126 / 2.028 / 0.0425 / -2202.5 / 1.174 / 34 / 1979 / 38.7
OR18 / 45.2244 / 118.511 / 0.19 / 77 / 1.427 / 0.1536 / -1209.9 / 0.7143 / 30 / 1983 / 20.7
PA15 / 40.7883 / 77.9458 / -0.136 / -59 / -1.037 / 0.2996 / 946 / -0.4 / 31 / 1982 / -12.0
PA29 / 41.5978 / 78.7675 / -0.296 / -176 / -2.486 / 0.0129 / 2745.2 / -1.292 / 35 / 1978 / -43.9
PA42 / 40.6575 / 77.9397 / -0.134 / -75 / -1.098 / 0.2724 / 1330.9 / -0.6 / 35 / 1978 / -20.4
PA72 / 41.3273 / 74.8199 / -0.299 / -130 / -2.303 / 0.0213 / 2876.9 / -1.375 / 30 / 1983 / -39.9
SD08 / 43.9461 / 101.855 / 0.025 / 11 / 0.179 / 0.8583 / -546.25 / 0.3571 / 30 / 1983 / 10.4
SD99 / 44.3550 / 98.2917 / 0.034 / 15 / 0.25 / 0.8026 / -264.74 / 0.2105 / 30 / 1983 / 6.1
TN11 / 35.6645 / 83.5903 / 0.127 / 67 / 1.023 / 0.3063 / -1124.5 / 0.6182 / 33 / 1980 / 19.8
UT01 / 41.6661 / 111.891 / 0.236 / 96 / 1.783 / 0.0745 / -2867.9 / 1.523 / 30 / 1983 / 44.2
VA00 / 38.0402 / 78.5427 / 0.025 / 10 / 0.169 / 0.8659 / -488.9 / 0.2841 / 29 / 1984 / 8.0
VA13 / 37.3294 / 80.5579 / 0.166 / 93 / 1.365 / 0.1723 / -1786.3 / 0.9583 / 35 / 1978 / 32.6
VA28 / 38.5225 / 78.4358 / 0.218 / 108 / 1.736 / 0.0826 / -2473.2 / 1.314 / 32 / 1982 / 40.7
VT01 / 42.8761 / 73.1633 / -0.109 / -54 / -0.86 / 0.3898 / 804.22 / -0.3205 / 32 / 1982 / -9.9
VT99 / 44.5283 / 72.8684 / 0.094 / 38 / 0.695 / 0.4871 / -548.19 / 0.3688 / 29 / 1985 / 10.3
WA14 / 47.8597 / 123.9325 / -0.011 / -5 / -0.068 / 0.9457 / 115 / 0 / 33 / 1981 / 0.0
WA19 / 48.5403 / 121.463 / -0.116 / -44 / -0.85 / 0.3956 / 2558.4 / -1.225 / 29 / 1985 / -34.3
WI28 / 44.7073 / 89.7716 / -0.118 / -55 / -0.919 / 0.3583 / 966.2 / -0.4 / 31 / 1983 / -12.0
WI36 / 46.0528 / 89.6531 / -0.139 / -69 / -1.104 / 0.2695 / 1317.5 / -0.5584 / 32 / 1982 / -17.3
WI37 / 45.8228 / 91.8744 / 0.104 / 55 / 0.837 / 0.4023 / -489.67 / 0.3333 / 33 / 1981 / 10.7
WV04 / 37.9796 / 80.9525 / 0.337 / 137 / 2.555 / 0.0106 / -3329.1 / 1.728 / 30 / 1984 / 50.1
WV18 / 39.0897 / 79.6622 / -0.176 / -105 / -1.478 / 0.1395 / 1708.1 / -0.7826 / 35 / 1979 / -26.6
WY02 / 42.7336 / 108.8498 / 0.113 / 46 / 0.845 / 0.3983 / -328.95 / 0.2846 / 29 / 1985 / 8.0
WY06 / 42.9290 / 109.788 / -0.08 / -37 / -0.612 / 0.5405 / 1012.5 / -0.3846 / 31 / 1983 / -11.5
WY08 / 44.9166 / 110.4203 / 0.102 / 54 / 0.821 / 0.4114 / -1376.8 / 0.8091 / 33 / 1981 / 25.9
WY99 / 43.8730 / 104.192 / -0.361 / -179 / -2.888 / 0.0039 / 5425.5 / -2.622 / 32 / 1982 / -81.3
Table A.3 Results of Regional Kendall Test Using Latitudinal Regions.
[SSd, snow season duration=days between first and last observed snowfall; First Snow,water-year (WY) day of first observed snowfall of snow season; Last Snow, WY day of last observed snowfall of snow season; S/Pmix, percentage of WY total precipitation depth as snow water equivalent with rain/snow mixed included; S/Pnomix, same as previous with rain/snow mixed excluded;S/PSS , same as previous for snow season only;N:SMax, WY day of maximum nitrate:sulfate concentration ratio; NH4+Max, WY day of maximum ammonium deposition; Cl-:NaMax ,WY day of maximum chloride:sodium equivalents ratio; CCdmax, WY day of maximum calcium + magnesium + sodium deposition;PptTot, WY total precipitation depth; MAMtmin, minimum March-May air temperature;SSPPTfroz , snow season precipitation measured as snow; SSPPTtot , snow season total precipitation; SO4max, WY day of maximum sulfate concentration; NO3max, WY day of maximum nitrate concentration; PPTmax, WY day of maximum precipitation depth; cm, centimeters; oC, degrees Celsius; Tau = Kendall's Tau correlation coefficient; s = Kendall test statistic; z = standard normal deviate; p-value, probability that trend is by chance; No. Sites = number of NADP sites in region boundaries; Sens Slope = Sens Slope estimator of trend (units per year).
Moving Regional
Interval
(degrees north) / Northern-most Latitude in Region
(degrees north) / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope
(Units/year) / Units
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / SSd / -0.002 / -23 / -0.077 / 0.9387 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.00 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / SSd / -0.049 / -700 / -2.112 / 0.0347 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.25 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / SSd / -0.09 / -1476 / -4.181 / <0.0001 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.42 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / SSd / -0.126 / -2183 / -5.978 / <0.0001 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.58 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / SSd / -0.12 / -2112 / -5.762 / <0.0001 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.56 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / SSd / -0.108 / -2000 / -5.306 / <0.0001 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / -0.50 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / SSd / -0.094 / -1547 / -4.366 / <0.0001 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.43 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / SSd / -0.078 / -1119 / -3.380 / 0.0007 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.33 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / SSd / -0.045 / -569 / -1.819 / 0.0690 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / -0.18 / days
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / SSd / -0.028 / -256 / -0.977 / 0.3285 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / -0.13 / days
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / First Snow / 0.003 / 31 / 0.105 / 0.9164 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / First Snow / 0.030 / 433 / 1.306 / 0.1916 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.100 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / First Snow / 0.070 / 1146 / 3.247 / 0.0012 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.250 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / First Snow / 0.089 / 1534 / 4.202 / <0.0001 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.292 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / First Snow / 0.090 / 1572 / 4.290 / <0.0001 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.273 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / First Snow / 0.083 / 1547 / 4.105 / <0.0001 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.250 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / First Snow / 0.076 / 1254 / 3.540 / 0.0004 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.222 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / First Snow / 0.081 / 1170 / 3.536 / 0.0004 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.231 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / First Snow / 0.075 / 960 / 3.072 / 0.0021 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.222 / days
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / First Snow / 0.081 / 729 / 2.791 / 0.0053 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.250 / days
Table A.3 - Continued
Moving Regional
Interval
(degrees north) / Northern-most Latitude in Region
(degrees north) / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope
(Unit/year) / Units
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / Last Snow / -0.028 / -309 / -1.077 / 0.2814 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.083 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / Last Snow / -0.060 / -861 / -2.600 / 0.0093 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.177 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / Last Snow / -0.078 / -1270 / -3.598 / 0.0003 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.235 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / Last Snow / -0.110 / -1903 / -5.213 / <0.0001 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.333 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / Last Snow / -0.102 / -1790 / -4.885 / <0.0001 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.333 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / Last Snow / -0.097 / -1809 / -4.800 / <0.0001 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / -0.300 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / Last Snow / -0.080 / -1323 / -3.734 / 0.0002 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.250 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / Last Snow / -0.044 / -638 / -1.926 / 0.0541 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.143 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / Last Snow / -0.002 / -23 / -0.070 / 0.9438 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / Last Snow / 0.036 / 328 / 1.253 / 0.2101 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.100 / days
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / S/Pmix / 0.021 / 230 / 0.800 / 0.4236 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.016 / percent
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / S/Pmix / -0.005 / -72 / -0.231 / 0.8311 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.004 / percent
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / S/Pmix / 0.027 / 436 / 1.232 / 0.2179 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.022 / percent
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / S/Pmix / 0.048 / 810 / 2.244 / 0.0248 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.042 / percent
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / S/Pmix / 0.050 / 884 / 2.409 / 0.0160 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.050 / percent
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / S/Pmix / 0.039 / 732 / 1.939 / 0.0525 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.042 / percent
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / S/Pmix / 0.060 / 984 / 2.774 / 0.0055 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.068 / percent
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / S/Pmix / 0.042 / 612 / 1.846 / 0.0649 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.050 / percent
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / S/Pmix / 0.062 / 787 / 2.515 / 0.0119 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.075 / percent
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / S/Pmix / 0.067 / 604 / 2.309 / 0.0210 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.078 / percent
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / N:SMax / -0.043 / -487 / -1.647 / 0.0996 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.375 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / N:SMax / -0.051 / -770 / -2.258 / 0.0239 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.412 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / N:SMax / -0.066 / -1122 / -3.099 / 0.0019 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.539 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / N:SMax / -0.073 / -1317 / -3.514 / 0.0004 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.556 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / N:SMax / -0.077 / -1402 / -3.705 / 0.0002 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.600 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / N:SMax / -0.075 / -1454 / -3.748 / 0.0002 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / -0.591 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / N:SMax / -0.055 / -942 / -2.571 / 0.0101 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.440 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / N:SMax / -0.044 / -669 / -1.951 / 0.0511 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.355 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / N:SMax / -0.04 / -537 / -1.660 / 0.097 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / -0.286 / days
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / N:SMax / -0.053 / -507 / -1.846 / 0.0649 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / -0.423 / days
Table A.3 - Continued
Moving Regional
Interval
(degrees north) / Northern-most Latitude in Region
(degrees north) / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope
(Units/year / Units
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / NH4+max / -0.004 / -48 / -0.160 / 0.8733 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.067 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / NH4+max / -0.011 / -169 / -0.494 / 0.6214 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.173 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / NH4+max / -0.039 / -652 / -1.801 / 0.0717 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.632 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / NH4+max / -0.045 / -813 / -2.168 / 0.0302 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.786 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / NH4+max / -0.043 / -785 / -2.073 / 0.0382 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.727 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / NH4+max / -0.032 / -625 / -1.609 / 0.1076 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / NH4+max / -0.008 / -141 / -0.383 / 0.7018 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.125 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / NH4+max / -0.008 / -124 / -0.360 / 0.7191 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.125 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / NH4+max / -0.002 / -25 / -0.074 / 0.9407 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / NH4+max / -0.014 / -138 / -0.501 / 0.6166 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / -0.250 / days
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.009 / 107 / 0.360 / 0.7190 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.167 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.008 / 124 / 0.362 / 0.7177 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.143 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.008 / 131 / 0.360 / 0.7191 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.130 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / Cl-:NaMax / -0.117 / -2017 / -5.529 / <0.0001 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.003 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.002 / 44 / 0.114 / 0.9095 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.048 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.008 / 147 / 0.377 / 0.7065 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.114 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.011 / 189 / 0.531 / 0.5952 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.022 / 338 / 0.985 / 0.3245 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.325 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.022 / 290 / 0.896 / 0.3702 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.357 / days
44.6-48.7 / 48.7 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.017 / 168 / 0.610 / 0.5416 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.302 / days
45.6-48.9 / 48.9 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.009 / 107 / 0.360 / 0.7190 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.167 / days
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / CCdmax / -0.040 / -448 / -1.517 / 0.1292 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.667 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / CCdmax / -0.017 / -254 / -0.744 / 0.4570 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.286 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / CCdmax / -0.037 / -625 / -1.726 / 0.0843 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.636 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / CCdmax / -0.047 / -840 / -2.240 / 0.0251 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.757 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / CCdmax / -0.048 / -877 / -2.316 / 0.0206 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.800 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / CCdmax / -0.058 / -1119 / -2.883 / 0.0039 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / -1.000 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / CCdmax / -0.057 / -980 / -2.677 / 0.0074 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -1.000 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / CCdmax / -0.048 / -721 / -2.105 / 0.0353 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.822 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / CCdmax / -0.027 / -359 / -1.110 / 0.2670 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / -0.450 / days
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / CCdmax / -0.003 / -33 / -0.117 / 0.9069 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / -0.053 / days
Table A.3 - Continued
Moving Regional
Interval
(degrees north) / Northern-most Latitude in Region
(degrees north) / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope
(Units/year / Units
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / PptTot / 0.125 / 1356 / 4.747 / <0.0001 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / 0.141 / cm
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / PptTot / 0.146 / 2100 / 6.341 / <0.0001 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.158 / cm
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / PptTot / 0.154 / 2515 / 7.136 / <0.0001 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.172 / cm
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / PptTot / 0.166 / 2861 / 7.845 / <0.0001 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.184 / cm
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / PptTot / 0.156 / 2754 / 7.494 / <0.0001 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.158 / cm
40.6-44.9 / 44.7 / PptTot / 0.162 / 2992 / 7.947 / <0.0001 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.164 / cm
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / PptTot / 0.178 / 2925 / 8.255 / <0.0001 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.164 / cm
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / PptTot / 0.162 / 2334 / 7.061 / <0.0001 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.136 / cm
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / PptTot / 0.188 / 2385 / 7.658 / <0.0001 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.160 / cm
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / PptTot / 0.147 / 1328 / 5.071 / <0.0001 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.122 / cm
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / MAMtmin / 0.193 / 2531 / 7.662 / <0.0001 / 35 / 22 / 1979 / 0.028 / oC
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / MAMtmin / 0.187 / 3219 / 8.488 / <0.0001 / 35 / 29 / 1979 / 0.028 / oC
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / MAMtmin / 0.166 / 3262 / 8.063 / <0.0001 / 35 / 33 / 1979 / 0.027 / oC
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / MAMtmin / 0.156 / 3155 / 7.683 / <0.0001 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.025 / oC
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / MAMtmin / 0.118 / 2452 / 5.884 / <0.0001 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.018 / oC
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / MAMtmin / 0.074 / 1677 / 3.862 / <0.0001 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.011 / oC
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / MAMtmin / 0.044 / 884 / 2.151 / 0.0315 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.006 / oC
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / MAMtmin / 0.017 / 310 / 0.801 / 0.423 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.002 / oC
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / MAMtmin / 0.02 / 316 / 0.877 / 0.3802 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.003 / oC
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / MAMtmin / -0.01 / -111 / -0.358 / 0.72 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.002 / oC
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / S/Pnomix / -0.059 / -606 / -2.02 / 0.0277 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.019 / percent
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / S/Pnomix / -0.068 / -936 / -2.91 / 0.0036 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.022 / percent
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / S/Pnomix / -0.015 / -242 / -0.696 / 0.4863 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.006 / percent
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / S/Pnomix / 0.007 / 112 / 0.307 / 0.7586 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.003 / percent
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / S/Pnomix / 0.021 / 372 / 1.017 / 0.3091 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.012 / percent
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / S/Pnomix / 0.01 / 183 / 0.488 / 0.6259 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.006 / percent
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / S/Pnomix / -0.024 / -386 / -1.097 / 0.2726 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.017 / percent
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / S/Pnomix / -0.034 / -486 / -1.477 / 0.1398 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.030 / percent
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / S/Pnomix / -0.074 / -927 / -2.985 / 0.0028 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / -0.060 / percent
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / S/Pnomix / -0.071 / -622 / -2.425 / 0.0153 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / -0.064 / percent
Table A.3 - Continued
Moving Regional
Interval
(degrees north) / Northern-most Latitude in Region
(degrees north) / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope
(Units/year / Units
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / SSPPTfroz / -0.047 / -422 / -1.633 / 0.0963 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.006 / cm
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.003 / 33 / 0.105 / 0.9161 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.0001 / cm
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.057 / 858 / 2.561 / 0.0104 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.007 / cm
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.079 / 1299 / 3.677 / 0.0002 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.011 / cm
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.096 / 1641 / 4.564 / <0.0001 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.014 / cm
40.6-44.9 / 44.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.060 / 1086 / 2.939 / 0.0033 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.011 / cm
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.049 / 792 / 2.264 / 0.0235 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.010 / cm
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.036 / 517 / 1.568 / 0.1168 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.008 / cm
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / SSPPTfroz / 0.014 / 184 / 0.586 / 0.5581 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.003 / cm
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / SSPPTfroz / 0.023 / 195 / 0.761 / 0.4465 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.006 / cm
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.036 / 338 / 1.283 / 0.1993 / 35 / 22 / 1979 / 0.016 / cm
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.067 / 872 / 2.797 / 0.0052 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.030 / cm
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.045 / 695 / 2.035 / 0.0418 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.021 / cm
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.033 / 552 / 1.538 / 0.1241 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.016 / cm
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.044 / 755 / 2.073 / 0.0382 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.021 / cm
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.007 / 137 / 0.364 / 0.7162 / 35 / 37 / 1979 / 0.004 / cm
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.032 / 528 / 1.496 / 0.1346 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.015 / cm
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.034 / 489 / 1.475 / 0.1401 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.014 / cm
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / SSPPTtot / 0.033 / 423 / 1.345 / 0.1786 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.013 / cm
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / S/PS / -0.053 / -474 / -1.875 / 0.0608 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.107 / percent
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / S/PSS / -0.047 / -592 / -1.951 / 0.0511 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.062 / percent
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / S/PSS / 0.015 / 225 / 0.670 / 0.5030 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.017 / percent
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / S/PSS / 0.042 / 694 / 1.964 / 0.0496 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / 0.065 / percent
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / S/PSS / 0.051 / 870 / 2.419 / 0.0155 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.092 / percent
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / S/PSS / 0.052 / 935 / 2.530 / 0.0114 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.131 / percent
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / S/PSS / 0.029 / 467 / 1.334 / 0.1822 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.073 / percent
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / S/PSS / 0.013 / 179 / 0.541 / 0.5885 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.030 / percent
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / S/PSS / -0.011 / -142 / -0.451 / 0.6518 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / -0.026 / percent
44.6-48.9 / 48.9 / S/PSS / 0.000 / 0 / 0.000 / 1.0000 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.000 / percent
Table A.3 - Concluded
Moving Regional
Interval
(degrees north) / Northern-most Latitude in Region
(degrees north) / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope
(Units/year / Units
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / SO4max / -0.074 / -838 / -2.836 / 0.0046 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.680 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / SO4max / -0.054 / -802 / -2.352 / 0.0187 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / SO4max / -0.021 / -362 / -0.998 / 0.3184 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.167 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / SO4max / -0.005 / -92 / -0.243 / 0.8080 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.043 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / SO4max / 0.006 / 108 / 0.283 / 0.7772 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / 0.048 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / SO4max / 0.002 / 39 / 0.098 / 0.9219 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / SO4max / -0.006 / -106 / -0.287 / 0.7742 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.063 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / SO4max / -0.005 / -82 / -0.237 / 0.813 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.056 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / SO4max / -0.011 / -142 / -0.437 / 0.6624 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / -0.083 / days
44.6-48.8 / 48.8 / SO4max / 0.006 / 58 / 0.208 / 0.8353 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.063 / days
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / NO3max / -0.062 / -704 / -2.382 / 0.0172 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.600 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / NO3max / -0.050 / -751 / -2.202 / 0.0276 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.471 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / NO3max / -0.046 / -780 / -2.153 / 0.0313 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.444 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / NO3max / -0.025 / -457 / -1.217 / 0.2234 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.286 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / NO3max / -0.021 / -393 / -1.037 / 0.3000 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.238 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / NO3max / -0.003 / -62 / -0.157 / 0.8750 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / NO3max / 0.011 / 195 / 0.53 / 0.5961 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / 0.120 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / NO3max / 0.011 / 163 / 0.473 / 0.6361 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.100 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / NO3max / 0.041 / 553 / 1.709 / 0.0874 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.412 / days
44.6-48.8 / 48.8 / NO3max / 0.032 / 309 / 1.123 / 0.2612 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.278 / days
35.6-39.7 / 39.7 / PPTmax / -0.036 / -413 / -1.396 / 0.1627 / 35 / 23 / 1979 / -0.444 / days
36.6-40.7 / 40.7 / PPTmax / -0.022 / -232 / -0.945 / 0.3444 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / -0.250 / days
37.6-41.7 / 41.7 / PPTmax / -0.014 / -242 / -0.666 / 0.5054 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.158 / days
38.6-42.7 / 42.7 / PPTmax / -0.016 / -282 / -0.75 / 0.4532 / 35 / 35 / 1979 / -0.167 / days
39.6-43.7 / 43.7 / PPTmax / -0.027 / -499 / -1.317 / 0.1879 / 35 / 36 / 1979 / -0.333 / days
40.6-44.7 / 44.7 / PPTmax / -0.018 / -343 / -0.882 / 0.3778 / 35 / 38 / 1979 / -0.192 / days
41.6-45.7 / 45.7 / PPTmax / -0.012 / -214 / -0.582 / 0.5606 / 35 / 34 / 1979 / -0.154 / days
42.6-46.7 / 46.7 / PPTmax / 0.007 / 106 / 0.307 / 0.7591 / 35 / 30 / 1979 / 0.091 / days
43.6-47.7 / 47.7 / PPTmax / 0.035 / 463 / 1.43 / 0.1526 / 35 / 26 / 1979 / 0.385 / days
44.6-48.8 / 48.8 / PPTmax / 0.021 / 201 / 0.73 / 0.4657 / 35 / 19 / 1979 / 0.200 / days
Table A.4 next page
[SSd, snow season duration=days between first and last observed snowfall; First Snow, water-year (WY) day of first observed snowfall of snow season; Last Snow, WY day of last observed snowfall of snow season; S/Pmix, percentage of WY total precipitation depth as snow water equivalent with rain/snow mixed included; S/Pnomix, same as previous with rain/snow mixed excluded; S/PSS , same as previous for snow season only; N:SMax, WY day of maximum nitrate:sulfate concentration ratio; NH4+Max, WY day of maximum ammonium deposition; Cl-:NaMax , WY day of maximum chloride:sodium equivalents ratio; CCdmax, WY day of maximum calcium + magnesium + sodium deposition; PptTot , WY total precipitation depth; MAMtmin, minimum March-May air temperature; SSPPTfroz , snow season precipitation measured as snow; SSPPTtot , snow season total precipitation; oC, degrees Celsius; Tau = Kendall's Tau correlation coefficient; s = Kendall test statistic; z = standard normal deviate; p-value, probability that trend is by chance; No. Sites = number of NADP sites in region boundaries; Sens Slope = Sens Slope estimator of trend (units per year).
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
124 - 120 / -120 / SSd / 0.019 / 33 / 0.281 / 0.7786 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.120 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / SSd / -0.040 / -68 / -0.603 / 0.5463 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / -0.250 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / SSd / -0.009 / -127 / -1.314 / 0.1889 / 32 / 3 / 1982 / -0.680 / days
118 - 112 / -112 / SSd / -0.090 / -160 / -1.394 / 0.1632 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / -0.559 / days
114 - 110 / -110 / SSd / 0.059 / 137 / 1.030 / 0.3031 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.425 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / SSd / 0.102 / 234 / 1.782 / 0.0748 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.667 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / SSd / -0.069 / -219 / -1.423 / 0.1546 / 34 / 7 / 1980 / -0.353 / days
108 - 104 / -104 / SSd / -0.137 / -732 / -3.612 / 0.0003 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.625 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / SSd / -0.127 / -504 / -2.869 / 0.0041 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.559 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / SSd / 0.039 / 67 / 0.596 / 0.5509 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.222 / days
100 - 96 / -96 / SSd / -0.010 / -23 / -0.166 / 0.8680 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.052 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / SSd / -0.088 / -256 / -1.716 / 0.0861 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.088 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / SSd / -0.001 / -3 / -0.013 / 0.9893 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / SSd / -0.017 / -58 / -0.350 / 0.7265 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.077 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / SSd / -0.087 / -432 / -2.215 / 0.0267 / 34 / 10 / 1980 / -0.364 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / SSd / -0.068 / -300 / -1.637 / 0.1015 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / -0.280 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / SSd / -0.112 / -486 / -2.669 / 0.0076 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / SSd / -0.039 / -193 / -0.985 / 0.3244 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.182 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / SSd / 0.116 / 469 / 2.638 / 0.0083 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.583 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / SSd / -0.020 / -94 / -0.485 / 0.6278 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.098 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / SSd / -0.169 / -741 / -4.043 / 0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.727 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / SSd / -0.169 / -741 / -4.043 / 0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.727 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / SSd / -0.118 / -492 / -2.785 / 0.0054 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
74 - 70 / -70 / SSd / -0.123 / -412 / -2.575 / 0.0100 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / SSd / -0.202 / -635 / -4.037 / 0.0001 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.696 / days
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
124 - 120 / -120 / First Snow / -0.051 / -71 / -0.683 / 0.4946 / 33 / 3 / 1981 / -0.118 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / First Snow / -0.006 / -10 / -0.081 / 0.9354 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / 0.000 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / First Snow / -0.002 / -3 / -0.021 / 0.9833 / 32 / 3 / 1982 / 0.000 / days
118 - 112 / -112 / First Snow / 0.108 / 192 / 1.677 / 0.0936 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / 0.340 / days
114 - 110 / -110 / First Snow / 0.034 / 80 / 0.599 / 0.5495 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.125 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / First Snow / -0.055 / -126 / -0.956 / 0.3389 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / -0.150 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / First Snow / 0.088 / 280 / 1.822 / 0.0684 / 34 / 7 / 1980 / 0.261 / days
108 - 104 / -104 / First Snow / 0.146 / 783 / 3.866 / 0.0001 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / 0.429 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / First Snow / 0.136 / 541 / 3.082 / 0.0021 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.400 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / First Snow / -0.018 / -30 / -0.262 / 0.7933 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / -0.083 / days
100 - 96 / -96 / First Snow / 0.062 / 145 / 1.089 / 0.2764 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.250 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / First Snow / 0.165 / 478 / 3.213 / 0.0013 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.500 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / First Snow / 0.106 / 307 / 2.059 / 0.0395 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.333 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / First Snow / 0.085 / 295 / 1.805 / 0.0710 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.250 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / First Snow / 0.119 / 590 / 3.030 / 0.0024 / 34 / 10 / 1980 / 0.333 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / First Snow / 0.105 / 458 / 2.505 / 0.0123 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / 0.313 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / First Snow / 0.115 / 500 / 2.747 / 0.0060 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.400 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / First Snow / 0.049 / 240 / 1.227 / 0.2199 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.167 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / First Snow / -0.090 / -365 / -2.052 / 0.0401 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.357 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / First Snow / -0.001 / -5 / -0.021 / 0.9834 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / First Snow / 0.064 / 296 / 1.554 / 0.1202 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.231 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / First Snow / 0.063 / 275 / 1.497 / 0.1343 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.212 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / First Snow / 0.081 / 339 / 1.918 / 0.0551 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.250 / days
74 - 70 / -70 / First Snow / 0.080 / 270 / 1.686 / 0.0918 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.239 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / First Snow / 0.054 / 169 / 1.070 / 0.2845 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.160 / days
124 - 120 / -120 / Last Snow / -0.050 / -89 / -0.773 / 0.4395 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / -0.221 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / Last Snow / -0.083 / -142 / -1.27 / 0.2042 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / -0.400 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / Last Snow / -0.123 / -158 / -1.637 / 0.1016 / 32 / 3 / 1982 / -0.622 / days
118 - 112 / -112 / Last Snow / 0.001 / 1 / 0 / 1.0000 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / 0.000 / days
114- 110 / -110 / Last Snow / 0.123 / 288 / 2.174 / 0.0297 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.462 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / Last Snow / 0.057 / 131 / 0.994 / 0.3200 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.250 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / Last Snow / -0.028 / -90 / -0.581 / 0.5611 / 34 / 7 / 1980 / -0.111 / days
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
108 - 104 / -104 / Last Snow / -0.077 / -411 / -2.027 / 0.0427 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.231 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / Last Snow / 0.001 / 2 / 0.009 / 0.9928 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.000 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / Last Snow / -0.023 / -54 / -0.400 / 0.6889 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / -0.108 / days
100 - 96 / -96 / Last Snow / -0.016 / -46 / -0.303 / 0.7619 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.050 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / Last Snow / 0.061 / 176 / 1.177 / 0.2391 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.179 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / Last Snow / 0.022 / 77 / 0.467 / 0.6408 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.065 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / Last Snow / -0.013 / -64 / -0.324 / 0.7460 / 34 / 10 / 1980 / 0.000 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / Last Snow / 0.009 / 39 / 0.208 / 0.8351 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / 0.000 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / Last Snow / -0.060 / -258 / -1.414 / 0.1572 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.200 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / Last Snow / -0.027 / -133 / -0.678 / 0.4980 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.091 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / Last Snow / 0.045 / 182 / 1.021 / 0.3074 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.130 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / Last Snow / -0.055 / -256 / -1.330 / 0.1834 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.135 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / Last Snow / -0.124 / -570 / -2.998 / 0.0027 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.333 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / Last Snow / -0.161 / -707 / -3.858 / 0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.492 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / Last Snow / -0.109 / -454 / -2.570 / 0.0102 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.316 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / Last Snow / -0.132 / -444 / -2.777 / 0.0055 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.357 / days
74 - 70 / -70 / Last Snow / -0.255 / -801 / -5.096 / <0.0001 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.600 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / Last Snow / -0.255 / -801 / -5.096 / <0.0001 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.600 / days
124 - 120 / -120 / S/Pmix / 0.107 / 190 / 1.660 / 0.0970 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.115 / percent
122 - 118 / -118 / S/Pmix / 0.191 / 327 / 2.934 / 0.0033 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / 0.416 / percent
120 - 116 / -116 / S/Pmix / 0.192 / 246 / 2.553 / 0.0107 / 32 / 3 / 1982 / 0.479 / percent
118 - 112 / -112 / S/Pmix / -0.213 / -378 / -3.306 / 0.0009 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / 0.448 / percent
114 - 110 / -110 / S/Pmix / 0.010 / 23 / 0.167 / 0.8677 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.022 / percent
112 - 108 / -108 / S/Pmix / 0.190 / 438 / 3.341 / 0.0008 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.480 / percent
110 - 106 / -106 / S/Pmix / 0.065 / 205 / 1.331 / 0.1830 / 34 / 7 / 1980 / 0.133 / percent
108 - 104 / -104 / S/Pmix / -0.016 / -87 / -0.425 / 0.6710 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.025 / percent
106 - 102 / -102 / S/Pmix / -0.016 / -62 / -0.348 / 0.7280 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.024 / percent
104 - 98 / -98 / S/Pmix / 0.077 / 131 / 1.174 / 0.2405 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.101 / percent
100 - 96 / -96 / S/Pmix / 0.074 / 172 / 1.291 / 0.1967 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.071 / percent
98 - 94 / -94 / S/Pmix / 0.036 / 105 / 0.700 / 0.4841 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.026 / percent
96 - 92 / -92 / S/Pmix / 0.102 / 295 / 1.976 / 0.0482 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.078 / percent
94 - 90 / -90 / S/Pmix / 0.061 / 211 / 1.288 / 0.1977 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.044 / percent
92 - 88 / -88 / S/Pmix / 0.098 / 483 / 2.476 / 0.0133 / 34 / 10 / 1980 / 0.070 / percent
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
90 - 86 / -86 / S/Pmix / 0.144 / 630 / 3.442 / 0.0006 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / 0.090 / percent
88 - 84 / -84 / S/Pmix / 0.092 / 399 / 2.189 / 0.0286 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.057 / percent
86 - 82 / -82 / S/Pmix / 0.078 / 383 / 1.959 / 0.0501 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.050 / percent
84 - 80 / -80 / S/Pmix / 0.058 / 235 / 1.318 / 0.1874 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.044 / percent
82 - 78 / -78 / S/Pmix / 0.038 / 180 / 0.933 / 0.3510 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.036 / percent
80 - 76 / -76 / S/Pmix / -0.049 / -251 / -1.269 / 0.2045 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.049 / percent
78 - 74 / -74 / S/Pmix / -0.071 / -310 / -1.686 / 0.0917 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.069 / percent
76 - 72 / -72 / S/Pmix / -0.019 / -81 / -0.453 / 0.6503 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.015 / percent
74 - 70 / -70 / S/Pmix / 0.007 / 24 / 0.144 / 0.8855 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.007 / percent
72 - 68 / -68 / S/Pmix / -0.069 / -216 / -1.368 / 0.1713 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.094 / percent
124 - 120 / -120 / N:SMax / -0.121 / -242 / -19.43 / 0.0520 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / -1.879 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / N:SMax / -0.059 / -111 / -0.931 / 0.3520 / 32 / 4 / 1982 / -0.897 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / N:SMax / 0.032 / 46 / 0.432 / 0.6654 / 34 / 3 / 1980 / 0.500 / days
118 - 112 / -112 / N:SMax / 0.055 / 108 / 0.874 / 0.3822 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 0.870 / days
114 - 110 / -110 / N:SMax / 0.031 / 61 / 0.490 / 0.6241 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 0.261 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / N:SMax / -0.054 / -132 / -0.963 / 0.3353 / 34 / 5 / 1980 / -0.536 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / N:SMax / -0.032 / -107 / -0.660 / 0.5096 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.286 / days
108 - 104 / -104 / N:SMax / 0.035 / 198 / 0.938 / 0.3483 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / 0.261 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / N:SMax / 0.010 / 18 / 0.152 / 0.8794 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.124 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / N:SMax / -0.074 / -175 / -1.303 / 0.1926 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / -0.962 / days
100 - 96 / -96 / N:SMax / -0.128 / -379 / -2.504 / 0.0123 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -1.250 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / N:SMax / -0.035 / -103 / -0.675 / 0.4997 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.218 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / N:SMax / -0.021 / -73 / -0.439 / 0.6610 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.154 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / N:SMax / -0.063 / -327 / -1.605 / 0.1084 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.444 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / N:SMax / -0.021 / -99 / -0.509 / 0.6108 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.154 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / N:SMax / -0.063 / -286 / -1.520 / 0.1285 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.550 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / N:SMax / -0.106 / -536 / -2.696 / 0.0007 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.980 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / N:SMax / -0.104 / -438 / -2.391 / 0.0168 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -1.000 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / N:SMax / -0.104 / -438 / -2.391 / 0.0168 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -1.000 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / N:SMax / -0.104 / -510 / -2.562 / 0.0104 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.714 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / N:SMax / -0.133 / -637 / -3.250 / 0.0012 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.842 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / N:SMax / -0.462 / -732 / -3.908 / 0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -1.200 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / N:SMax / -0.110 / -471 / -2.611 / 0.0090 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.824 / days
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
74 - 70 / -70 / N:SMax / -0.048 / -170 / -1.025 / 0.3052 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.375 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / N:SMax / -0.071 / -230 / -1.425 / 0.1541 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
124 - 120 / -120 / NH4+max / -0.038 / -75 / -0.597 / 0.5507 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / -0.657 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / NH4+max / -0.002 / -4 / -0.025 / 0.9798 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / -0.050 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / NH4+max / -0.003 / -5 / -0.038 / 0.9693 / 34 / 3 / 1980 / -0.063 / days
118 - 112 / -112 / NH4+max / -0.019 / -37 / -0.294 / 0.7688 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / -0.375 / days
114 - 110 / -110 / NH4+max / 0.074 / 145 / 1.176 / 0.2396 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 1.167 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / NH4+max / 0.119 / 288 / 2.110 / 0.0348 / 34 / 5 / 1980 / 1.812 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / NH4+max / 0.058 / 196 / 1.220 / 0.2225 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.833 / days
108 - 104 / -104 / NH4+max / -0.011 / -55 / -0.268 / 0.7889 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.167 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / NH4+max / 0.011 / 47 / 0.256 / 0.7978 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.222 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / NH4+max / 0.047 / 81 / 0.714 / 0.4754 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.733 / days
100 - 96 / -96 / NH4+max / 0.022 / -52 / -0.382 / 0.7026 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / -0.412 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / NH4+max / -0.022 / -65 / -0.424 / 0.6716 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.672 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / NH4+max / 0.001 / 4 / 0.020 / 0.9842 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.024 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / NH4+max / -0.063 / -221 / -1.340 / 0.1803 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -1.207 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / NH4+max / -0.043 / -233 / -1.093 / 0.2744 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.875 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / NH4+max / -0.032 / -149 / -0.769 / 0.4422 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.500 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / NH4+max / -0.053 / -241 / -1.279 / 0.2007 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.813 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / NH4+max / -0.048 / -241 / -1.209 / 0.2266 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.778 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / NH4+max / -0.084 / -350 / -1.918 / 0.0551 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -1.326 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / NH4+max / -0.11 / -534 / -2.693 / 0.0071 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -1.750 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / NH4+max / -0.106 / -508 / -2.590 / 0.0096 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -1.778 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / NH4+max / -0.068 / -308 / -1.641 / 0.1009 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -1.200 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / NH4+max / 0.034 / 147 / 0.811 / 0.4175 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.648 / days
74 - 70 / -70 / NH4+max / 0.071 / 250 / 1.511 / 0.1309 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 1.280 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / NH4+max / -0.011 / -36 / -0.218 / 0.8276 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.192 / days
124 - 120 / -120 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.079 / 158 / 1.266 / 0.2056 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 1.244 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.123 / 230 / 1.937 / 0.0527 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 2.177 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.050 / 71 / 0.673 / 0.5011 / 34 / 3 / 1980 / 0.636 / days
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
118 - 112 / -112 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.041 / -81 / -0.653 / 0.5153 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / -0.682 / days
114 - 110 / -110 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.037 / -94 / -0.665 / 0.5059 / 34 / 5 / 1980 / -0.745 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.009 / 21 / 0.147 / 0.8831 / 34 / 5 / 1980 / 0.187 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.036 / 121 / 0.751 / 0.4528 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.643 / days
108 - 104 / -104 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.037 / 206 / 0.979 / 0.3275 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / 0.619 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.053 / 216 / 1.196 / 0.2311 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.875 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.051 / 89 / 0.785 / 0.4323 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.905 / days
100 - 96 / -96 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.032 / -76 / -0.562 / 0.5744 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / -0.643 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.036 / -107 / -0.702 / 0.4827 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.736 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.036 / -107 / -0.702 / 0.4827 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.736 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.027 / -94 / -0.566 / 0.5711 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.548 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.011 / 59 / 0.286 / 0.7752 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.167 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.013 / 60 / 0.306 / 0.7593 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.214 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.022 / -100 / -0.528 / 0.5977 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.357 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / Cl-:Na+Max / -0.003 / -15 / -0.071 / 0.9438 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.040 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / Cl-:Na+Max / 0.005 / 19 / 0.099 / 0.9212 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.087 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / Cl-:NaMax / -0.020 / -99 / -0.495 / 0.6205 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.312 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.005 / 24 / 0.118 / 0.9065 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.091 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.004 / 20 / 0.102 / 0.9191 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.087 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.024 / 101 / 0.555 / 0.5787 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.463 / days
74 - 70 / -70 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.057 / 201 / 1.213 / 0.2250 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.905 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / Cl-:NaMax / 0.015 / 49 / 0.299 / 0.7651 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.278 / days
124 - 120 / -120 / CCdmax / -0.023 / -46 / -0.363 / 0.7167 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / -0.593 / days
122 - 118 / -118 / CCdmax / -0.057 / -106 / -0.888 / 0.3744 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / -1.000 / days
120 - 116 / -116 / CCdmax / -0.128 / -183 / -1.749 / 0.0803 / 34 / 3 / 1980 / -2.188 / days
118 - 112 / -112 / CCdmax / 0.002 / 4 / 0.024 / 0.9805 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 0.056 / days
114 - 110 / -110 / CCdmax / 0.042 / 82 / 0.661 / 0.5083 / 34 / 4 / 1980 / 0.947 / days
112 - 108 / -108 / CCdmax / -0.031 / -74 / -0.537 / 0.5915 / 34 / 5 / 1980 / -0.500 / days
110 - 106 / -106 / CCdmax / -0.012 / -41 / -0.250 / 0.8024 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.012 / days
108 - 104 / -104 / CCdmax / -0.001 / -6 / -0.025 / 0.9802 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
106 - 102 / -102 / CCdmax / -0.009 / -36 / -0.195 / 0.8454 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.167 / days
104 - 98 / -98 / CCdmax / 0.020 / 35 / 0.303 / 0.7617 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.369 / days
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
100 - 96 / -96 / CCdmax / -0.095 / -225 / -1.677 / 0.0935 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / -1.375 / days
98 - 94 / -94 / CCdmax / -0.094 / -278 / -1.835 / 0.0666 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -1.513 / days
96 - 92 / -92 / CCdmax / -0.019 / -55 / -0.357 / 0.7208 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.400 / days
94 - 90 / -90 / CCdmax / -0.020 / -71 / -0.426 / 0.6698 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.388 / days
92 - 88 / -88 / CCdmax / -0.052 / -272 / -1.334 / 0.1821 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.857 / days
90 - 86 / -86 / CCdmax / -0.059 / -277 / -1.433 / 0.1518 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.952 / days
88 - 84 / -84 / CCdmax / -0.068 / -345 / -1.733 / 0.0831 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -1.102 / days
86 - 82 / -82 / CCdmax / -0.024 / -99 / -0.539 / 0.5902 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.408 / days
84 - 80 / -80 / CCdmax / -0.049 / -239 / -1.202 / 0.2292 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.813 / days
82 - 78 / -78 / CCdmax / -0.063 / -302 / -1.538 / 0.1241 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -1.000 / days
80 - 76 / -76 / CCdmax / -0.002 / -7 / -0.032 / 0.9744 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.000 / days
78 - 74 / -74 / CCdmax / -0.010 / -41 / -0.222 / 0.8242 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.217 / days
76 - 72 / -72 / CCdmax / -0.060 / -212 / -1.28 / 0.2005 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -1.150 / days
74 - 70 / -70 / CCdmax / -0.033 / -107 / -0.66 / 0.5094 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.381 / days
72 - 68 / -68 / CCdmax / -0.033 / -107 / -0.66 / 0.5094 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.381 / days
124 - 120 / -120 / S/Pnomix / 0.042 / 65 / 0.618 / 0.5365 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.026 / percent
122 - 118 / -118 / S/Pnomix / 0.010 / 17 / 0.145 / 0.8849 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.014 / percent
120 - 116 / -116 / S/Pnomix / -0.062 / -82 / -0.828 / 0.4077 / 33 / 3 / 1981 / -0.152 / percent
118 - 112 / -112 / S/Pnomix / -0.069 / -129 / -1.081 / 0.2799 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / -0.133 / percent
114 - 110 / -110 / S/Pnomix / 0.026 / 62 / 0.450 / 0.6531 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.038 / percent
112 - 108 / -108 / S/Pnomix / 0.091 / 208 / 1.585 / 0.1129 / 32 / 5 / 1982 / 0.142 / percent
110 - 106 / -106 / S/Pnomix / 0.013 / 42 / 0.266 / 0.7903 / 34 / 7 / 1980 / 0.019 / percent
108 - 104 / -104 / S/Pnomix / -0.070 / -374 / -1.853 / 0.0639 / 34 / 11 / 1980 / -0.088 / percent
106 - 102 / -102 / S/Pnomix / -0.064 / -249 / -1.432 / 0.1521 / 34 / 8 / 1980 / -0.075 / percent
104 - 98 / -98 / S/Pnomix / -0.015 / -26 / -0.226 / 0.8214 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / -0.012 / percent
100 - 96 / -96 / S/Pnomix / 0.040 / 90 / 0.694 / 0.4877 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.020 / percent
98 - 94 / -94 / S/Pnomix / -0.003 / -9 / -0.055 / 0.9561 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.001 / percent
96 - 92 / -92 / S/Pnomix / -0.001 / -3 / -0.013 / 0.9893 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.000 / percent
94 - 90 / -90 / S/Pnomix / -0.046 / -154 / -0.962 / 0.3358 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.020 / percent
92 - 88 / -88 / S/Pnomix / -0.057 / -273 / -1.428 / 0.1534 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.019 / percent
90 - 86 / -86 / S/Pnomix / -0.049 / -210 / -1.158 / 0.2467 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.012 / percent
88 - 84 / -84 / S/Pnomix / -0.002 / -8 / -0.040 / 0.9684 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / -0.001 / percent
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
84 - 80 / -80 / S/Pnomix / -0.030 / -165 / -0.786 / 0.4318 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.016 / percent
86 - 82 / -82 / S/Pnomix / 0.022 / 103 / 0.539 / 0.5897 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.010 / percent
82 - 78 / -78 / S/Pnomix / -0.030 / -165 / -0.786 / 0.4318 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.016 / percent
80 - 76 / -76 / S/Pnomix / -0.009 / -43 / -0.222 / 0.8244 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.006 / percent
78 - 74 / -74 / S/Pnomix / -0.068 / -387 / -1.856 / 0.0635 / 35 / 12 / 1979 / -0.032 / percent
76 - 72 / -72 / S/Pnomix / -0.062 / -263 / -1.460 / 0.1444 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / -0.026 / percent
74 - 70 / -70 / S/Pnomix / -0.035 / -144 / -0.825 / 0.4097 / 34 / 9 / 1980 / -0.017 / percent
72 - 68 / -68 / S/Pnomix / -0.072 / -237 / -1.497 / 0.1344 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.046 / percent
124 - 120 / -120 / MAMtmin / -0.119 / -283 / -2.003 / 0.0452 / 35 / 4 / 1979 / -0.012 / oC
122 - 118 / -118 / MAMtmin / -0.134 / -240 / -1.960 / 0.0500 / 35 / 3 / 1979 / -0.013 / oC
120 - 116 / -116 / MAMtmin / -0.113 / -134 / -1.336 / 0.1816 / 35 / 2 / 1979 / -0.012 / oC
118 - 112 / -112 / MAMtmin / -0.06 / -142 / -1.001 / 0.3166 / 35 / 4 / 1979 / -0.088 / oC
114 - 110 / -110 / MAMtmin / -0.033 / -98 / -0.616 / 0.5378 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / -0.053 / oC
112 - 108 / -108 / MAMtmin / 0.052 / 155 / 0.978 / 0.3280 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.008 / oC
110 - 106 / -106 / MAMtmin / 0.106 / 440 / 2.357 / 0.0184 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.014 / oC
108 - 104 / -104 / MAMtmin / 0.124 / 811 / 3.469 / 0.0005 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / 0.018 / oC
106 - 102 / -102 / MAMtmin / 0.103 / 492 / 2.466 / 0.0137 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.015 / oC
104 - 98 / -98 / MAMtmin / -0.006 / -15 / -0.099 / 0.9208 / 35 / 4 / 1979 / -0.001 / oC
100 - 96 / -96 / MAMtmin / 0.015 / 44 / 0.273 / 0.7848 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.004 / oC
98 - 94 / -94 / MAMtmin / 0.045 / 160 / 0.922 / 0.3566 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.011 / oC
96 - 92 / -92 / MAMtmin / 0.074 / 264 / 1.525 / 0.1273 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.019 / oC
94 - 90 / -90 / MAMtmin / 0.084 / 348 / 1.863 / 0.0625 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.020 / oC
92 - 88 / -88 / MAMtmin / 0.095 / 566 / 2.538 / 0.0112 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.020 / oC
90 - 86 / -86 / MAMtmin / 0.145 / 778 / 3.679 / 0.0002 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.029 / oC
88 - 84 / -84 / MAMtmin / 0.203 / 1088 / 5.146 / <0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.035 / oC
86 - 82 / -82 / MAMtmin / 0.222 / 1189 / 5.625 / <0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.036 / oC
84 - 80 / -80 / MAMtmin / 0.102 / 485 / 2.430 / 0.0151 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.027 / oC
82 - 78 / -78 / MAMtmin / 0.205 / 1097 / 5.189 / <0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.030 / oC
80 - 76 / -76 / MAMtmin / 0.16 / 859 / 4.062 / <0.0001 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.023 / oC
78 - 74 / -74 / MAMtmin / 0.119 / 639 / 3.021 / 0.0025 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.017 / oC
76 - 72 / -72 / MAMtmin / 0.088 / 469 / 2.216 / 0.0267 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.015 / oC
74 - 70 / -70 / MAMtmin / 0.084 / 348 / 1.863 / 0.0625 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.013 / oC
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
72 - 68 / -68 / MAMtmin / 0.079 / 282 / 1.63 / 0.1032 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.011 / oC
124 - 120 / -120 / SSPPTfroz / -0.012 / -12 / -0.141 / 0.8878 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.003 / cm
122 - 118 / -118 / SSPPTfroz / 0.049 / 74 / 0.705 / 0.4811 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.016 / cm
120 - 116 / -116 / SSPPTfroz / -0.012 / -15 / -0.146 / 0.8836 / 33 / 3 / 1981 / 0.004 / cm
118 - 112 / -112 / SSPPTfroz / -0.026 / -47 / -0.399 / 0.6901 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.008 / cm
114 - 110 / -110 / SSPPTfroz / 0.119 / 289 / 2.119 / 0.0341 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.027 / cm
112 - 108 / -108 / SSPPTfroz / 0.106 / 248 / 1.87 / 0.0615 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.024 / cm
110 - 106 / -106 / SSPPTfroz / -0.018 / -59 / -0.375 / 0.7078 / 35 / 7 / 1981 / 0.005 / cm
108 - 104 / -104 / SSPPTfroz / -0.035 / -188 / -0.919 / 0.3582 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / 0.008 / cm
106 - 102 / -102 / SSPPTfroz / -0.022 / -90 / -0.505 / 0.6136 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.004 / cm
104 - 98 / -98 / SSPPTfroz / 0.016 / 27 / 0.235 / 0.8144 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.001 / cm
100 - 96 / -96 / SSPPTfroz / 0.112 / 253 / 1.947 / 0.0515 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.011 / cm
98 - 94 / -94 / SSPPTfroz / 0.079 / 224 / 1.523 / 0.1276 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.008 / cm
96 - 92 / -92 / SSPPTfroz / 0.057 / 162 / 1.095 / 0.2733 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.008 / cm
94 - 90 / -90 / SSPPTfroz / 0.016 / 49 / 0.314 / 0.7535 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.003 / cm
92 - 88 / -88 / SSPPTfroz / 0.028 / 124 / 0.681 / 0.4957 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.003 / cm
90 - 86 / -86 / SSPPTfroz / 0.05 / 197 / 1.15 / 0.2502 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.004 / cm
88 - 84 / -84 / SSPPTfroz / 0.092 / 361 / 2.092 / 0.0365 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.014 / cm
86 - 82 / -82 / SSPPTfroz / 0.11 / 489 / 2.666 / 0.0077 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.017 / cm
84 - 80 / -80 / SSPPTfroz / 0.058 / 218 / 1.292 / 0.1962 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.006 / cm
82 - 78 / -78 / SSPPTfroz / 0.041 / 178 / 0.963 / 0.3356 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.006 / cm
80 - 76 / -76 / SSPPTfroz / 0.018 / 74 / 0.409 / 0.6826 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.004 / cm
78 - 74 / -74 / SSPPTfroz / 0.037 / 141 / 0.832 / 0.4057 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.009 / cm
76 - 72 / -72 / SSPPTfroz / 0.078 / 293 / 1.773 / 0.0763 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.022 / cm
74 - 70 / -70 / SSPPTfroz / 0.033 / 107 / 0.685 / 0.4936 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.009 / cm
72 - 68 / -68 / SSPPTfroz / -0.076 / -233 / -1.503 / 0.1328 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.023 / cm
124 - 120 / -120 / SSPPTtot / 0.019 / 22 / 0.246 / 0.8061 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.010 / cm
122 - 118 / -118 / SSPPTtot / 0.129 / 199 / 1.891 / 0.0586 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.079 / cm
120 - 116 / -116 / SSPPTtot / 0.107 / 135 / 1.402 / 0.1610 / 33 / 3 / 1981 / 0.076 / cm
118 - 112 / -112 / SSPPTtot / 0.054 / 97 / 0.832 / 0.4053 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.028 / cm
Table A.4 - Continued
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
114 - 110 / -110 / SSPPTtot / 0.170 / 409 / 3.001 / 0.0027 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.077 / cm
112 - 108 / -108 / SSPPTtot / 0.085 / 199 / 1.499 / 0.1339 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.031 / cm
110 - 106 / -106 / SSPPTtot / -0.018 / -59 / -0.375 / 0.7078 / 33 / 7 / 1981 / -0.007 / cm
108 - 104 / -104 / SSPPTtot / -0.070 / -378 / -1.852 / 0.0640 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / -0.020 / cm
106 - 102 / -102 / SSPPTtot / -0.078 / -313 / -1.77 / 0.0767 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.020 / cm
104 - 98 / -98 / SSPPTtot / 0.033 / 57 / 0.5 / 0.6174 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.006 / cm
100 - 96 / -96 / SSPPTtot / 0.032 / 73 / 0.551 / 0.5814 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.007 / cm
98 - 94 / -94 / SSPPTtot / 0.079 / 227 / 1.534 / 0.1251 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.021 / cm
96 - 92 / -92 / SSPPTtot / 0.135 / 392 / 2.624 / 0.0087 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / 0.054 / cm
94 - 90 / -90 / SSPPTtot / 0.032 / 101 / 0.647 / 0.5175 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / 0.016 / cm
92 - 88 / -88 / SSPPTtot / 0.049 / 220 / 1.198 / 0.2308 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.022 / cm
90 - 86 / -86 / SSPPTtot / 0.083 / 336 / 1.933 / 0.0533 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.037 / cm
88 - 84 / -84 / SSPPTtot / -0.019 / -75 / -0.426 / 0.6705 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.013 / cm
86 - 82 / -82 / SSPPTtot / 0.064 / 294 / 1.568 / 0.1168 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.042 / cm
84 - 80 / -80 / SSPPTtot / 0.199 / 792 / 4.507 / <0.0001 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.140 / cm
82 - 78 / -78 / SSPPTtot / 0.125 / 566 / 2.989 / 0.0028 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.090 / cm
80 - 76 / -76 / SSPPTtot / 0.028 / 118 / 0.649 / 0.5164 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.020 / cm
78 - 74 / -74 / SSPPTtot / 0.008 / 33 / 0.184 / 0.8537 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.009 / cm
76 - 72 / -72 / SSPPTtot / 0.057 / 226 / 1.312 / 0.1894 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.045 / cm
74 - 70 / -70 / SSPPTtot / -0.090 / -516 / -2.469 / 0.0135 / 35 / 12 / 1979 / -0.091 / cm
72 - 68 / -68 / SSPPTfroz / -0.120 / -373 / -2.382 / 0.0172 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.068 / cm
124 - 120 / -120 / S/PSS / 0.054 / 54 / 0.68 / 0.4963 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.104 / percent
122 - 118 / -118 / S/PSS / 0.022 / 33 / 0.309 / 0.7574 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / 0.060 / percent
120 - 116 / -116 / S/PSS / -0.051 / -64 / -0.659 / 0.5098 / 33 / 3 / 1981 / -0.170 / percent
118 - 112 / -112 / S/PSS / -0.071 / -128 / -1.101 / 0.2708 / 33 / 4 / 1981 / -0.245 / percent
114 - 110 / -110 / S/PSS / -0.035 / -85 / -0.618 / 0.2366 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / -0.109 / percent
112 - 108 / -108 / S/PSS / 0.076 / 177 / 1.333 / 0.1827 / 33 / 5 / 1981 / 0.212 / percent
110 - 106 / -106 / S/PSS / 0.041 / 132 / 0.847 / 0.3971 / 35 / 7 / 1981 / 0.089 / percent
108 - 104 / -104 / S/PSS / 0.072 / 384 / 1.894 / 0.0582 / 35 / 11 / 1979 / 0.071 / percent
106 - 102 / -102 / S/PSS / 0.095 / 379 / 2.163 / 0.0305 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / 0.095 / percent
104 - 98 / -98 / S/PSS / 0.025 / 42 / 0.37 / 0.7111 / 30 / 4 / 1984 / 0.075 / percent
100 - 96 / -96 / S/PSS / 0.093 / 212 / 1.631 / 0.1030 / 35 / 5 / 1979 / 0.362 / percent
Table A.4 - Concluded
Region / Easternmost Long-itude in Region / Parameter / Tau / s / z / p-value / Period of record (years) / No. Sites / Start Year / Sens Slope (Units/year) / Units
98 - 94 / -94 / S/PSS / -0.014 / -41 / -0.273 / 0.7847 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.054 / percent
96 - 92 / -92 / S/PSS / -0.079 / -225 / -1.524 / 0.1275 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.262 / percent
94 - 90 / -90 / S/PSS / -0.030 / -94 / -0.608 / 0.5429 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.086 / percent
92 - 88 / -88 / S/PSS / -0.052 / -229 / -1.263 / 0.2066 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / -0.126 / percent
90 - 86 / -86 / S/PSS / -0.058 / -227 / -1.326 / 0.1849 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.126 / percent
88 - 84 / -84 / S/PSS / 0.109 / 430 / 2.493 / 0.0127 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.225 / percent
86 - 82 / -82 / S/PSS / 0.055 / 245 / 1.333 / 0.1826 / 35 / 10 / 1979 / 0.100 / percent
84 - 80 / -80 / S/PSS / -0.110 / -411 / -2.442 / 0.0146 / 35 / 8 / 1979 / -0.200 / percent
82 - 78 / -78 / S/PSS / -0.039 / -169 / -0.914 / 0.3608 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / -0.083 / percent
80 - 76 / -76 / S/PSS / 0.007 / 27 / 0.146 / 0.8842 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.016 / percent
78 - 74 / -74 / S/PSS / 0.027 / 103 / 0.606 / 0.5446 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.047 / percent
76 - 72 / -72 / S/PSS / 0.019 / 70 / 0.419 / 0.6753 / 35 / 9 / 1979 / 0.034 / percent
74 - 70 / -70 / S/PSS / -0.013 / -43 / -0.271 / 0.7862 / 35 / 7 / 1979 / -0.018 / percent
72 - 68 / -68 / S/PSS / -0.019 / -59 / -0.376 / 0.7071 / 35 / 6 / 1979 / -0.047 / percent
Table A.5 next page
Climate Dynamics
Climate-Change Signals in National Atmospheric Deposition Program Precipitation Data, 1979-2013 - Appendix
Gregory A. Wetherbee, USGS, , 303-236-1837
U.S. Geologiccal Survey, BQS, Mail Stop 401, Box 25046, DFC, Denver, CO 80225Page | 1
Table A.5Summary of Regional Kendall Test results for Earth Crustal Cation Deposition Trends for Selected Latitude RegionsUsing 19 Randomly Selected NADP Sites per Region
Summary of Regional Kendall Test results for Earth Crustal Cation Deposition Trends for Selected Latitude Regions
Using 19 Randomly Selected NADP Sites per Region
Regional Selection Method for Original Study / Randomly Subsampled Sites for Test
Latitudinal Region / Number of NADP sites in region1 / Sens Slope (days/year) / p-value / Subsets of Sites / Number of Sites per Subset* / Median Sens Slope (days/year) / p-valueRange2 / Percent difference in slope between methods
35.6-39.7 / 23 / -0.6667 / 0.1292 / 10 / 19 / -0.6905 / 0.027 - 0.602 / -4
36.6-40.7 / 30 / -0.2857 / 0.4570 / 10 / 19 / -0.3492 / 0.096 - 0.927 / -22
39.6-43.7 / 35 / -0.8000 / 0.0206 / 10 / 19 / -0.7310 / 0.009 - 0.342 / 9
40.6-44.7 / 38 / -1.0000 / 0.0039 / 10 / 19 / -1.0690 / 0.005 - 0.164 / -7
42.6-46.7 / 30 / -0.8221 / 0.0353 / 10 / 19 / -0.7393 / 0.052 - 0.601 / 10
1Note: Smallest number of sites in the study's latitudinal regions = 19.
2See Figure A2 for p-value distributions.
Climate Dynamics