Civics Final Study Guide

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Civics Final Study Guide

1. What is a lobbyist and what do they do?

An individual that lobbies, Lobbyingis the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in thegovernment, most oftenlegislatorsor members ofregulatory agencies.

1. Define and give an example of Checks and Balances.

1. What is a political party?

A political organizationthat typically seeks to influence, or entirely control, government policy, usually by nominating candidates with aligned political views and trying to seat them in political office.

1. What is a regulatory agency, give an example and explain what the role of regulatory agencies are?

A governmental agency that regulates businesses in the public interest. Ex. FDA, FAA, SEC

1. Where does the president get his ability to have a cabinet from?

It is from the unwritten constitution. It is more of a tradition than anything that is actually written.

1. Why would someone get paid more on the weekends than they do on the weekday?

Supply and Demand. The weekend workers are fewer in supply than at other times and the demand for them is more so therefore, they get paid more.

1. Explain how each of the following influenced American government?
2. John Locke- had thoughts on personal freedoms, he taught each individual has a right to life, liberty and property, the Founding Fathers changed this to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.
3. Montesquieu- that a Democracy was the best type of government but the power must be divided into the three branches with checks and balances.
4. Jean- Jacques Rousseau- there is a Social Contract between government and people where the government is to protect the rights of the individual and if the government cannot then it must be changed.
5. Voltaire- Separation of church and state.
6. What does new technology influence price, supply and demand?

Technology tends to lower prices, therefore allowing supply to increase because it is easier to make products at a lower cost as well as demand to increase because of the fact that one can buy the product at a cheaper prices.

1. What are the requirements for someone to become president?

No person except anatural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once.

1. Define each of the following:
2. Outsourcing- hiring people from outside the country because it is cheaper.
3. Seasonal Employment- when individuals are only hired for a specific time of the year.
4. Underemployment – when people are working at jobs under their skill or knowledge level.
5. What was the Magna Carta?

First written document that limited the power of the king of England.

1. What occurs if a president vetoes a bill, there are two possible outcomes, list both?

1. The bill does not become law.
2. The bill must be passed by 2/3 votes of both houses.

1. What is the main goal of the United Nations?

The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, are to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends.

1. How could someone make up the difference between revenue and expenditures?

Revenue is the money taken in, expenditures are the money spent. To make up the difference, they can sell more product or take out a loan.

1. Are electoral votes or popular votes more important, why? What must a person have to become president?

Electoral votes are more important in an election. A person must have 266 electoral votes to become elected.

1. Explain opportunity cost. Give an example.

The cost of choosing one option and not another, instead of studying for a test and making an A you go out and party, the A you would have gotten is your opportunity cost.

1. What does it mean to be cost effective?

Cost Effective- you are getting a good amount for the price you pay.

1. What is domestic policy, give an example of US domestic policy?

Domestic Policy- the actions by government that affect how we live in America.

Example: Obamacare

1. What is a major cost of the US helping Israel?

The cost of giving them money as well as ticking off other countries in the area.

1. Explain the following types of government, be sure to include their goals and how much government is involved with each.
2. Communism- Total Government control people have no say, the goal is to make the dictator as strong as possible.
3. Democracy- The people are in charge and each person gets a vote on any rule/law that is passed. Goal is for those that have power to succeed.
4. Representative Democracy – individuals vote for those that have the power to vote on the rules and laws that are passed. The goal is for all both rich and poor to succeed.
5. Oligarchy – A small group of people have the power and the goal is for that small group to be as powerful as possible.
6. Monarchy- ruled by a king or queen. The goal is for the betterment of the kingdom.
7. Define the following:
8. Civic Right- any right that you have that goes along with the law. Ex. Voting
9. Economic Right- Any right that you have that deals with money. Ex. Opening a business
10. Personal Right- any rights you have as an individual, the clothes you wear, the color of your hair etc.
11. Draw and label the circular flow chart.

23. A low amount of competition brings higher prices,

while a high amount of competition brings lower

prices.

24. Expressed Power Clause- power in the constitution

given directly to the Federal government.

Supremacy Clause- the federal law is above any local or state law.

Elastic Clause- gives Congress the power to pass all necessary and proper laws to carry out the enumerated powers.

25. The most common and easiest form of political

participation is voting.

26. Federal power is divided between the three branches of

government. These branches are Executive, Judicial

and Legislative.

1. The Five Goals of Foreign Policy are:
2. National Security
3. Free and Open Trade
4. World Peace
5. Promoting Democratic Governments
6. Human Rights
7. Police jurors serve at both the city and parish/county levels.
8. Brown V. Board reversed Plessy V. Ferguson
9. The Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) set up two houses in the legislative branch, one house set by population (House of Rep), one house set by each state getting two votes (Senate)
10. Marbury Vs. Madison was the first court case to say that something Congress had made a law about was unconstitutional.
11. Ways the Federal Government are financed include: Taxes, Trade Tariffs and Loaning Money from other countries.
12. Credit Score- is a number that allows lending companies to know how well your credit is, so that they can determine how much if any money to loan you.
13. The Higher Standard of Living a country has the more productive they will be.
14. Bandwagon- people say that they like something so all of a sudden everyone does. Ex. The Saints are winning so everyone likes them.

Card Stacking- only showing the good elements of a product or person.

Name Calling- one company or individual pointing out all of the faults and negative aspects of the other company or competitor.

Testimonial- a famous person saying they use a product or endorse someone and you should too.

1. What is the Federal Reserve System, what do they do and how do they affect money and banking?

The National bank of the federal government. They set the interest rates as well as tell banks how much money they must hold in reserve. They are directly responsible for the money supply.

1. What is the largest source of federal revenue?

Income Tax

1. What is NAFTA and who is involved?

North American Free Trade Agreement, takes away all trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

1. What is a civic responsibility, give an example?

Any responsibility dealing with government, ex. Paying taxes, tickets and fines. Voting is another example.

1. Explain how education affects unemployment and the amount of money people make?

The more education an individual has the less likely they are to be unemployed. Typically, the more education you have the more income you will earn.

1. Other than for the Federal government, which other level(s) of government also receive most of its revenue from income tax?

The State Government .

1. Why did some people not want to leave communism for capitalism?

Under Communism, people did not have any needs, there was no unemployment, the government provided everything; this is not true under capitalism.

1. What was the three-fifths compromise?

This is how slaves were counted as population for voting purposes.

1. Which two groups is power divided into in a Federal System of government?Federal and State Level of Governments.
2. Define- Democratic Republic- Where people vote for others to represent them and make the decisions in which laws to vote for/against.
3. Draw and label the business cycle? What occurs at a peak? At a peak the economy is at its best, however; this is also where it begins to contract and could lead to a recession.