Chapter 13Review Sheet

Chapter 13Review Sheet

Chapter 13Review sheet

Protein Synthesis

Part I. Short answer

  1. Fill in the chart below comparing DNA and RNA.

DNA / RNA
Sugar / Deoxyribose
Phosphate group / Yes / Yes
Bases / A, T, C, & G
Number of strands / 2
Shape / Double helix
Location in cell / Nucleus only
  1. Fill in the chart below comparing transcription with replication.

Replication / Transcription
Location in cell / Nucleus
Produces / DNA
Copies / Both sides of DNA molecule
Use the enzyme / DNA polymerase
  1. Why does the process of transcription need to occur in order to make a protein?
  1. Name two ways that mutations can affect the making of proteins in the organism.
  1. The process of ______makes mRNA from DNA.

6. The process of ______makes a protein based on the instructions on the mRNA.

7. Transcription takes place in the ______of the cell.

8. Translation takes place in the ______of the cell.

9. If the codon is GUA, the anticodon that would pair with it would be ______.

Part II. Protein synthesis. Examine the diagram below. Then, answer the questions that follow.

10. Label the nucleus in the picture above.

11. Label the ribosome in the picture above.

12. Label the DNA in the diagram above.

13. The mRNA will be divided into groups of three bases (labeled “A” above) called ______once it arrives at the ribosome.

14. Label a tRNA molecule in the diagram on the previous page.

15. The group of three bases attached to the tRNA molecule is called a(n) ______.

16. Label an amino acid in the picture on the previous page.

17. Amino acids will be joined together to build what larger molecules?

18. Label a peptide bond in the picture on the previous page.

Part III. Translating the genetic code.

19. If the DNA sequence is CGC TAC CGCTTAATT, what would the mRNA made from it look like? (5 points)

20. Use the genetic code chart from your packet to translate the sequence of mRNA below into its corresponding amino acids. List the amino acids in order on your answer sheet. Be sure to write the entire name of each amino acid; do not abbreviate them.

mRNA: CCUCUCGAGAAU

Amino acid sequence:

  1. Use the chart on the last page to explain why each sequence of mRNA ends with either UAG, UAA, or UGA.

Part IV. Gene mutations. Compare each mRNA sequence to the original sequence shown below. Identify the type of mutation (frameshift or point). If it is a point mutation, identify the type (silent, nonsense, or missense).

Original sequence: CCUGUUAACGGG

22. CCUGUUACGGG

23. CCAGUUAACGGG

24. CCUGUUAACGAG

25. CCUGUUAACUGA

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