Biology –Practice Quiz

CELLS-fill in the blanks.

Organelle / Function / Factory part
Nucleus / Main office
Cell membrane / Lets some things in/out
Burns sugar to release energy / Generator
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER / Produces ______
Vs.
Produces ______ / Conveyor belt
Golgi Apparatus / Packages proteins / Packing dept.
Ribosomes / Put together proteins
Plant cells only Stores sunlight energy in sugar for later use / Solar panels
Lysosomes / Animal cells only Recycles used cell parts
Storage of food & water; very large in plant cells / Storage room
Plant cells only
Structural support / Fence; external support beams
Vesicles / Moves particles around cell or to cell membrane for export

MEMBRANES

Cellular transport. Below are some pictures of cells in solution. Label the solutions as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic. Use an arrow to indicate the direction of water movement. (3 points each)

= salt

1. ______2. ______3. ______

Define and draw a simple illustration of each of the following. (5 points each)

4. endocytosis

5. exocytosis

6. facilitated diffusion

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Vocabulary. Match the word with its definition. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

  1. granum ___a. pigments which reflect yellow and red light
  2. stroma___b. the simplest sugar
  3. stomata___c. small openings on the lower leaf surface
  4. chlorophylls___d. pigments which absorb violet and red light
  5. carotenoids ___e. a stack of circular membranes containing chlorophyll
  6. PGAL___f. the liquid portion inside the chloroplast
  7. glucose___g. the precursor for carbohydrates
  1. Draw and label a chloroplast below. Include: stroma, thylakoid, granum, outer membrane.
  1. Describe the thylakoid membrane. How many layers is it? ______What molecules make it up? ______
  1. Photosynthesis occurs in ______main parts. Name them.
  1. Plants take in energy from the sun. What happens when light strikes Photosystem I & II?
  1. What happens to the electrons from Photosystem I & II when light hits them?
  1. How do the electrons lost from Photosystem I get replaced?
  1. How do the electrons lost from Photosystem II get replaced?
  1. Why can’t the plant use energy from the sun directly?
  1. What molecule(s) represent small units of energy?
  1. How is ATP formed? Give 3 steps

Short Answer. Follow the instructions for each question.

18 In the video, some famous scientists were mentioned. For the two people below, write a statement to explain why he is remembered for his work in photosynthesis.

  1. Joseph Priestley
  1. Melvin Calvin

19. Draw and label a chloroplast below. Label the thylakoids, grana, outer memberane, and stroma.

20. Draw a simple Calvin Cycle. Label CO2, RuBP, PGAL, and sugar. This process occurs in the (a)______of the chloroplast. It represents a series of reactions we call the (b)______Reaction.

21. Photosynthesis occurs in (a)______distinct phases. The products of the (b)______reaction are (c)______and high-energy electrons (or NADPH). The products of the (d)______Reaction, or (e)______Cycle, are (f)______. Both reactions occur during (g)______.

  1. Explain why C4 plants are adapted to hot climates.
  2. What are stomata and where are they located?
  3. Write the over-all equation for photosynthesis.
  4. Why are enzymes needed in cell processes?

Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions:

  1. How many layers is the thylakoid membrane? What molecules make it up?
  2. What happens when light strikes P2 and P1?
  3. When electrons are lost from P2 what replaces them?
  4. When electrons are lost from P1 what replaces them?
  5. What happens as the electrons from P2 are passed through the electron transport chain?
  6. What is the waste product of photosynthesis?
  7. What happens after the proton gradient is high inside of the thylakoid? What is produced with this energy?