Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution

Index

A

Absorption,156

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution

Range (AMDR), 38, 94, 96

Accessory Organs, 153-4

Acetylcholine, 54, 194

Acid

Acne and vitamin A, 309-11, 321

Active Transport, 157

Additives, 416

Adenosine Triphosphate, (ATP), 28, 273-5, 325

Adequate Intake, (AI), 94, 96

Adequacy, 29

Aerobe

Aerobic

Aerobic Capacity

Aerobic Exercise

Affiliation, 394

Agencies of food safety, 406

Aging, 31

Alcohol, 39, 114, 206

Allergy, 88

Allergen

Alpha Linolenic Acid, 47-50, 205, B4

Alpha-Tocopherol,316

See Vitamin E

Amenorrhea

American Cancer Society, 117

AMDR

American Heart Association, 115-6

Amino acids, 40, 165

Amylase,150, 161

Anabolic, 159

Antibiotics, 430, 439

Anaphylaxis, 57

Anatomy of the GI system, 147-163

Anemia, 366-7

Antagonistic Muscles

Antibodies, 486

Antigen

Antioxidants, 201-2, 309,416-8

Appetite, 31

Appendix A: “B” Homework Assessments,

A1-A46

Appendix B: Reference tables, B1-B8

Appendix C: Facts, Formulas, &

Conversions, C1-C14

Appendix D: MyPyramid, D1-D15

Appendix E: Exchange Lists, E1-E16

Appendix F: Nutrition Resources, F1-F8

Appendix G: Comprehensive review points

& case studies, G1-G10

Appendix H: Take home exam 4, H1-H19

Apple Shape, 252

Ariboflavinosis, 328, 342

Artificial colors, 417-8, 264

Artificial fats, 418

Artificial flavors, 417-8

Artificial sweeteners, 420-1

Ascorbic acid,58-9, 337-8, See Vitamin C

ATP

Atherosclerosis, 193, 119

Aqueous

Author credentials, 233

Autonomic nervous system

Autoimmunity

B

Balance, 29

Bacterial toxin, 426

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), 244

Behavior Modification, 159

Beri Beri, 326, 342

Beta-Carotene, 309, D6

See also Vitamin A

BHA, 416, 418

BHT, 416, 418

Bile, 150, 153-4 ,161

Bioelectrical Impedance, 251

BioFit, 408

Biological Classification

Biological Injury, 318-9

Biomolecule

Biotin, 58-9, 340, 345

Bleaching Agents, 417-8

Blind Study

Blood Glucose, 181, 187, 191, C9

Blood Lipids, 193, 120

Blood Pressure, 193-4, C10

See Hypertension

Bod Pod, 250-1

Body Composition,152-154

Body Fat, 249-

Body Mass Index (BMI), 253-4

Bolus, 150

Bone, 358

Botulism, 429

Buffer

C

Cadmium, 437

Calcium, 60-1, 314, 362,356-8,

Calcium:Phosphorus Ratio, 359, C8

Caloric Density,26

Calorie, 25

See also Energy

Calorie Control, 29

Campylobacteriosis, 426

Cancer, 207-210

Carbohydrate digestion, 155

Carbohydrates, 25, 66, 114, 125, 178-92, 276-8

Cardio-respiratory, 266

Cardiovascular Disease, 193-6

See Heart Disease

Cardiovascular system, 266

Carnitine, 413

Case Studies, 236

Catabolic, 159

Cell

Cell Membranes,52

Centers for Disease Control, 247

Central Adiposity, 197, 252, C13

Chemical Digestion, 150

Chemical Poisoning

Chloride, 60-1, 352, 348, 355,

Chlorophyll

Chylomicrons

Cholecystokinin

Cholesterol, 53-4, 123, 199

Choline, 58-9, 341, 345

Chromium, 60-1, 376, 380

Chylomicron, 195- , 111-112

Chronic diseases, 30

Chyme, 147, 153

Cis Fatty Acid,203

Citric Acid Cycle

Clinical Trials, 237

Cobalt, 60-1, 378, 222

Coenzyme Q10, 56, 325

Colon, 160

Complementary Proteins, 42

Complete Proteins, 42

Complex Carbohydrate,37

Concentric, 268

Control Group

Copper, 377, 380, 604

Credentials, 394

Crossover Study Design, 239

D

DASH Diet, 194

Dietary Reference Intakes,87, 56,

92-98, Appendix B

Daily Values, 81, B8

Daily Reference Values,81-2,B8

Reference Daily Intakes, 81, B8

Deficient

Dehydration

Delany Clause, 404

Deamination

Denaturation (protein), 163

Dental Caries, 372

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Diabetes, 188-190

Diagnosing Deficiency/Toxicity, 305

Diet, 24, 30

Dietary Fiber, 37-8, 172

Dietary Guidelines, 108-115

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

Dietary Supplements, 411

See Supplements

Dietitian, 395

See Registered Dietitian

Digestive system

Digestion, 149-150

Disaccharides,36

Disease

Discretionary Calories, 103, D11

Diverticular Disease

DNA, 163-165

Docosahexaenoic acid

Double Blinded Study, 239

Dry Beans, D5-D6, D9

See also Legumes

DSHEA, 411

Duodenum, 153

Dyslipidemia, 198

E

Eating styles

Eccentric

Edema

Editorial Board, 400

Eicosanoids, 204

Eicosapentaenoic acid

Electrolyte, 348

Electron Transport System, 274

Emulsifier, 417-8

Endogenous

Energy, 28

See also Calorie

Energy Balance, 242-3

Energy-Producing Nutrients, 25

Energy Expenditure, 244-6

Enriched, 81

Enrichment Act, 81-2

Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA)245,407

Enzyme, 28, 415

Epidemiological Study, 238

Epithelial

ErgogenicEsophagus,150, 161

Essential Fatty Acids, 47-8, 204-6

Essential Nutrients, 28

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), 96, B5

Evolution

Exchange Lists, 122-4, E1-E16

Exercise, 30, 207, 262-9

See also Physical Activity

Exogenous

Excretion,160-1

Experimental Design, 145

Extracellular Fluid, 348

F

Facilitated Diffusion, 157

Fasting, 256-7

Fat Distribution (apple vs pear),

252

Fat on Food Labels, 84-6, C5

Fat substitutes, 249

Fats, 25, 113, 126, 280-1

See also Lipids

Oils, 60, D10

Fat-Soluble Vitamins, 58- , 305-323

Fatty Acids, 26

Feasting, 256-7

Fiber, 37, 171-7, 415

Fibrous protein

Fluid Balance, 62-4

Fluoride, 60-1, 372-3, 380

Fluorosis, 373, 380

Folate, Folic Acid, Folacin,58-9, 206,

335-6, 333, 343, 196

Food, 24

Food Additives, 404, 414

Food allergy, 88, 186

Food and Drug Administration

(FDA), 239, 407

Food-Borne Illness, 403, 423-30, 433

Food Composition, 121-2

Food Contamination, 437

Food Intolerance

Food Labels, 81-9

Food Processing, 436-441

Food Safety, 114, 433-442

Food Safety Laws, 245-246

Food System, 441

Fortified

FOS,430

Fructose, 36

Fruit, 102, 59, D7

Functional Fiber

Futrex 5000 Infrared

Spectrophotometry, 251

G

Galactose, 36

Gallbladder, 153-4

Gaseous

Gastric acid

Gastric emptying time

Gastric Inhibiting Factor, 94

Gastrin

Gastrointestinal tract

Gastrointestinal System, 147-163

Generally Recognized As Safe

(GRAS), 404

Gene expression

Genetically Modified Organism,437-440

Genetics

Germany’s Commission E, 410-11

Giardia,245, 425

Globular protein

Glucagon, 181

Glucose, 36-37, 179-180

Glucose Tolerance Test, 190

Glutathione Peroxidase

Glycemic Response, 190

Glycemic Index, 190-1

Glycerol

Glycolysis, 274-5, 325

Glycogen, 179-180

Goiter, 369, 379

GRAS List, 404, 246, 261

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)

H

HACCP, 433

Health, 27

Health Claims, 90-2

Healthy Body Weight, 253

Heart Disease,193, 109-112

Heme, 367

Hemochromatosis, 366

Hemolytic anemia

Herbal Supplements, 410

Hepatitis A, 427, 429

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL),

196

High-fat food

Histamine, 104-106

Homocysteine, 110, 119, 189, 191, 196

Homeostasis

Honey, 38, 420

Hormone, 153, 439

Hunger, 31

Hydration

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrogenation, 203

Hydrolysis

Hypercholesterolemia

Hyperglycemia, 188-

Hyperhomocystemia, 196, 333

Hyperinsulinemia

Hyperplasia

Hypertension, 193-4, C10

Hypertriglyceridemia

Hypoglycemia, 187

Hypothesis

I

Indirect Calorimetry

Ileum,153

Immune Reaction, 182-6

Immunoglobulin, 182-6

Incomplete Protein

Inflammation

Information Source, 408

Ingredient List, 88

Inorganic, 60

Inositol, 240

Insoluble Fibers, 173

Insulin, 181

Insulin Dependent Diabetes

Mellitus, See type 1 diabetes

Intermediate density cholesterol

Intermediate Storage

Intervention Trial, 237-8

Intracellular Fluid, 348

In Vivo

Iodine, 60-1, 368-9, 379

Iron, 60-1, 364-8, 378

Isokinetic

Isometric

J

Jejunum, 153

K

Keshan disease

Kidney, 160

Kinetic

Krebbs Cycle, 184

Kwashiorkor, 168

L

Laboratory Experiment, 236

Lactase, 183

Lactose, 36, 183

Lactose Intolerance, 182-5

Lactose Mal-digestion, 182-5

Laetril, 241

Large Intestine, 160

Lean Body Mass, 248

Lecithin, 51

Legal Terms, 89-90

Legumes, 38, D5

See also Dry Beans

Lignin

Linoleic Acid, 47-50, 205, B4

Lipase, 154, 161

Lipids, 44-55, 66

Lipid Carrier Molecules

(lipoproteins), 199

Lipoproteins

Liver, 153-4, 182

Low-Carbohydrate Diets, 181

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL),

196

Low-fat food

Lymphatic Vessels, 156

M

Macrocytic Anemia, 332, 343,

211-212

Macrocytic normochromic anemia

Macronutrient

Magnesium, 60-1, 360, 362

Major Minerals, 61, 356-363

Malnutrition, 30

Maltose, 36

Manganese, 60-1, 374-5, 380

Marasmus, 168

Mastication

Meat and Beans, 102, D9

Mechanical Digestion, 149

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)

Metabolic Rate, 244, 258

Metabolic Syndrome, 197-8

Metabolism

Metabolites

Microbial Growth, 416, 423-435

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Microcytic Anemia, 332, 343 189, 196, 210, 220

Microorganisms, 423-435

Microvilli,156

Mifflin Equations,245, C10-C12

Milk, 102, 185, D8

Milk Allergy, 185

Mineral Information, 356-381

Minerals, 58-62, 66

Mitochondria

Moderate-fat food

Moderation, 29

Molybdenum, 60-1, 375-6, 380

Monosaccharides, 36

Monosodium glutamate, 262, 264

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA),

46, 199

Mouth,150

Mifflin Equation

Multicellular organisms

MyPyramid, 98-107, D1-D15

N

National Marine Fisheries, 406

National Research Council, 71

Natural Selection

Natural Toxicants, 437

Neural Tube Defects, 336

National Formulary (NF), 408

Niacin, 58-9, 206, 329-30, 342,

See Vitamin B3

Nitrogen, 446

Nutrigenomics

Nitrosamines, 416

Nolan Case Study, G3-G10

Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes

Mellitus, See type 2 diabetes

Nonprofit Organization, 396

Nourish, 24

Nucleic Acids

Nutrient Density, 25, 49

Nutrient Supplementation, 306

Nutrients, 25

Nutrigenomics, 235

Nutrition, 24

Nutrition Education and Labeling

Act,81, 246 See Also Food Labels

Nutrition facts panel

Nutrition Information, 233-237

Nutritional Adequacy, 160

Nutritional Anemias, 366

Nutritional Application, 147

Nutritional Deficiency, 305-7

Nutritional Sciences, 24

Nutritional Therapy, 172

Nutritionist, 395

Nutrition Resources, F1-F8

O

Obesity, 239-241, 255-261

Oils, 103, D10

Olestra, 419

Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 47-50, 205

Omega-6 Fatty Acids, 47-50, 205

Omnivore, 33

Oral Hypoglycemia Agents

Organic, 36, 408, 445

See also USDA certified organic

Osmolarity

Osteoblast,358

Osteoclast, 358

Osteomalacia, 315

Osteopenia

Osteoporosis, 356, 362

Overnutrition, 30

Oxidation, 201

Oxidative Stress, 316, 318

P

PABA, 241

Pancreas, 153

Pangamate, 241

Pantothenic Acid, 58-9, 344, 338-9

Partial Hydrogenation

Passive Diffusion, 151

Pellagra, 330, 342

Pepsin

Percent Body Fat, 250, C13

Periodic Table of Elements, 60

Peristalsis, 152, 161

Pernicious anemia

Personal preference

pH, 61

PharmaPrint, 408

Phospholipids,51, 199

Phosphorus, 60-1, 314, 359, 360

Photosynthesis, 171-2

Physicians Desk Reference, 410

Physical Activity, 96-7, 104, 112, 246, B5-B6, C10-C11, D15 See also Exercise

Phytochemicals, 106

Plant Food, 22, 28-32, 35

Plant sterols and stanols

Plaque, 194

P:S Ratio, 208, C6

Polysaccharides, 37

Polyunsaturated fatty Acids (PUFA),

46, 199

Poor Diet, 30

Potassium, 60-1,348, 353, 355,

Private Sector, 396

Product Assurance, 408

Protease,161, 279-80

Protein, 25, 40-43, 66 126, 167

Protein Complementation,42

Protein Digestion, 155, 163

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM),

168

Protein excess

Protein Quality, 42

Protein sparing

Protein Synthesis, 163-166

Protein Types, 166

Pseudovitamins, 240

Public Recommendation, 237

Public Sector, 394-5

Pyridoxal, 188

See Vitamin B6

Q

Quacks, 235

R

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs),

94

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), 181

REE (Resting Energy Expenditure), 245, C10

Reference Daily Intakes,49, B8

References, 397-402

Registered Dietician, 395

Research Design, 145

See Scientific Methods

Resting Energy Expenditure, 245, C10

Retinal, Retinol, Retinoic Acid, 176

See Vitamin A

Riboflavin, 58-9, 327-8, 342

See Vitamin B2

Ribosomes

Rickets, 179, 183

RNA, 164-165

S

Saliva, 150

Salt (sodium chloride), 63

Satiety, 31

Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA), 45, 199

Scientific Method, 234

Scurvy, 337, 344

Sebaceous

Secretin

Selenium, 60-1, 373-4, 380

Semi-permeable membrane

Serum Cholesterol

Serum Triglycerides, 195-

Set Point, 253

Simple Sugars, 36

Single Blinded Study, 239

Skin Folds, 251

Small Intestine, 156, 91

Sodium,60-1, 114, 127, 348, 351, 354

Soluble Fibers, 173, 207

Sound Diet, 24, 30

Specific Dynamic Action, 247

Spina Bifida, 52, 336

Stabilizing Agent, 417-8

Starch, 36-7

Starches, Gums, Gels, 419---

States of Energy Balance, 242

Sterols, 53

Stomach, 151

Storage, 159

Sucrose, 36

Sugar,36

See simple sugar, blood sugar,

or blood glucose

Sugar alcohols

Sugar Free, 89, 421

Sulfur,60-1, 361-2

Supplements, 394

Supplement Facts Panel, 247

Sustainability, 444-448

Sweat, 63

T

Testimonial, 397

Thermodynamics, 28

Thiamin, 58-9, 324-346, 342See Vitamin B1

Tocopherol, 179, 184See Vitamin E

Tolerable Upper Intake Level, 95, B7

Toxicity, 305

Trace Minerals, 58-9, 365-381

Transcription, 164

Translation, 164

Trans-Fatty Acids, 51, 203-204

Transportation of Nutrients, 156-158

Triglycerides, 45

Tumorgenic

Type 1 Diabetes, 189

Type 2 Diabetes, 189

U

Undernutrition, 30

Underwater Weighing, 250

Underweight, 256

Upper Level, 94-96, See Tolerable

Upper Safety Level

Urea

Uric acid

U.S. Department of Agriculture

(USDA), 406

USDA Certified Organic, 408

U.S. Dietary Guidelines, 2005,110

V

Variety, 29

Vegan, 33

Vegetables,101, 59, D5

Vegetarianism, 33

Very-Low-Calorie Diets, 159-158

Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins,

195

Villi, 90

Viruses, 427

Vitamin A, 58-9, 309-311, 321,183

Vitamin B1 (thiamin), 58-9, 324-6, 342

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), 58-9, 327-8, 342

Vitamin B3 (niacin), 58-9,434, 329-30

Vitamin B6, 58-9, 343, 331-2

Vitamin B12, 58-9,434, 333-334

Vitamin C, 58-59, 318, 337-338, 344

Vitamin D, 58-59, 311-315, 321

Vitamin E, 58-59,316-318, 322

Vitamin K, 58-9,319-320, 322

Vitamin Information, 305-346

Vitamin-Like Molecules, 240

Vitamins, 66, 56-59

Voluntary Muscle Movement, 246

W

Water, 62-63, 66, 346-351, 354

Water Soluble Vitamins, 58, 323

Weight Gain, 256

Weight Loss, 256

Wheat Plant and Kernel, 171

Whole Grain Processing, 171-3

World Health Organization (WHO), 407

X

Xerophthalmia, 310, 321

Y

Yolk, egg, 51

Z

Zinc, 370-371, 379

Red is page numbers not found and not changed from old index.

Blue is added words from glossary.

I1

Index