A Nutrient That Is Required for Life and Must Be Consumed

A Nutrient That Is Required for Life and Must Be Consumed

  1. What is the definition of an essential nutrient?

A nutrient that is required for life and must be consumed

  1. If an individual consumes a food that has 12g of fat, 3g of protein, and 7g of carbohydrates, how many kcal did theycosume?
  1. If you were wondering how much sodium you should consume to prevent nutritional deficiency, which guideline/recommendation would you use? What if you were hoping to prevent a particular chronic disease?

RDA, Dietary guidelines

  1. What breaks down by fiber in the large intestine?

Bacteria

  1. Fatty acids are absorbed into what system after being absorbed in the small intestine?

Lymph system

  1. What is the name of the hormone causes bile to be released from the gall bladder when food enters the small intestine?

Cholecystokinin

  1. What is the end product in the digestion of proteins? Lipids? Carbohydrates?

Amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol, and monosaccharides

  1. Are the carbohydrates in apples monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides? What about in Wheaties? Milk?

Mono, poly, di

  1. What is homeostasis?

Physiological state in which a stable internal body environment is maintained.

  1. What is the disease where your body’s own immune system attacks the insulin producing cells?

Type 1 diabetes

  1. What are the three types of lipids?

Trigylcerides and fatty acids, phospholipids, and sterols

  1. Olive oil and canola oil and what type of lipid?

Monounsaturated

  1. Cheese is an example of what type of lipid?

Saturated

  1. What lipoprotein is formed in the small intestines and is the initial transportation of food fats?

Chylomicrons

  1. If you consume a high saturated fat diet, what happens with your total cholesterol level? LDL levels? HDL levels?

Increases, increases, slightly increases

  1. What part of an amino acid is different among all 20 amino acids?

R group

  1. What is the term for removal of the nitrogen group from a protein group?

Deamination

  1. A high quality protein is defined as what?

A protein that contains all the essential amino acids, protein is only as good as your lowest amino acid

  1. What is the process of converting Acetyl CoA to fatty acids?

Beta oxidation

  1. What carries the electron from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain?

FAD and NAD

  1. The end products of metabolism are?

Water, CO2, and ATP

  1. The deficiency of Vitamin B12 is referred to as what?

Pernicious anemia

  1. What vitamins are important in energy metabolism?

Riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, Thiamin

  1. What are foods with a high source of folacin?

Grains, fruits, and vegetables

  1. The BMI for an overweight individual is what?

25-29.9

  1. What is the type of fat distribution most males have?

“apple”

  1. Leptin is an important hormone found in ______, what is it’s function?

Fat cells, decreases hunger after food has been eaten.

  1. What type of Iron would one find in animals? Plants?

Heme and non-heme, non-heme

  1. What are major sources of sodium, and on average does American over or under consume this mineral?

Processed foods, over consume

  1. What mineral is if deficient can cause a goiter to appear?

Iodine

  1. What is the PA recommendation for someone who is trying to reduce their risk of chronic disease?

300 minutes of moderate intensity or 150 of vigorous intensity per week

  1. What type of muscle fiber would one use if he/she was out walking for exercise? What is the fuel for this specific muscle fiber?

Type 1-slow twitch, glucose and fat

  1. Which macronutrient would I mostly be burning if I did a 1500m race?

Glucose (carbohydrates)

  1. What are the four components of fitness?

Cardiovascular endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, flexibility, and body composition

  1. For a child to be considered “low birth weight” what must it way under?

5.5#

  1. When a zygote has implanted itself on the uterine wall, what is it then referred to as? For how many weeks?

Embryo, 2-8 weeks

  1. For each trimester, what is the normal weight gain?

1st- 1#/ month, 2nd- ½ lb/week, 3rd- 1lb/week

  1. At what age is it ok to start feeding a baby to start consuming “finger foods”? Cow’s milk?

9 months old, 1 year old

  1. Explain some of the major benefits of breastfeeding mothers.

Contains long chain FAs for brain and vision development, better composition of minerals that are better absorbed, can pass antibodies causing lower incidence of infection, reduced risk of allergies

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