1. Hunting and gathering societies
A) are not able to produce art.
B) are always warlike.
C) Organize rather small groups into political units
D) could not survive after Middle Eastern people developed agriculture
E) generally produce a food surplus
2. The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following EXCEPT
A) population size and life expectancy.
B) male-female relations
C) the tendency to believe in many gods
D) the stability of human settlements
E) the development of complex social patterns
3. The Neolithic revolution occurred first in
A) Egypt
B) the Middle East
C) Central America
D) China
E) India
4. A society is almost certainly a civilization if
A) it is agriculture
B) it involves tool use
C) It has cities
D) It has some political structure
E) It gathers food to survive
5. Egypt differed from Mesopotamian civilization by stressing
A) well-organized, durable empires
B) extensive trade
C) firm religious beliefs
D) greater social equality
E) more modest building projects
6. Sumerian civilization produced the first
A) written law code
B) monotheistic religion
C) examples of warfare among people
D) mass literacy
E) coined money
7. Which river-valley civilization was most likely destroyed by invasion?
A) Hwanghe C) Nile
B) Indus D) Tigris- Euphrates
E) Mekong
8. The characteristic political organization of the Tigris- Euphrates civilization was
A) democracy
B) large, durable empires
C) village-level government
D) regional city/ states
E) hunting bands
9. The development of writing
A) resulted from new technologies, notably the invention of paper
B) helps explain why agriculture could develop
C) helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic
D) resulted from the needs of various river-valley civilizations to communicate with one another
E) was unusual in an agricultural society
10. Chinese views of nature emphasized
A) harmony and balance
B) a powerful, all-seeing God
C) that nature was uncontrollable
D) that the key to understanding lay through scientific experiments
E) deities that punished sinful people
11. All of the following constituted a function of government in Han China EXCEPT
A) schools for aspiring bureaucrats
B) road building
C) census taking
D) aid to unwed mothers
E) exerting military and legal power
12. All of the following constituted a function of government in Han China EXCEPT
A) promotion of scientific research
B) promotion of Confucian beliefs
C) schools for peasant boys
D) punishment of criminals
E) large construction projects
13. Daoists would disagree with Confucianists on all of the following EXCEPT
A) the importance of political activity
B) scorn for greed
C) basic harmony of nature
D) importance of restraint in personal life
E) the importance of tradition
14. The Aryan conquerors brought to India
A) its first civilization
B) distinctive religious ideas
C) admiration for India’s earlier inhabitants
D) new agricultural techniques
E) political democracy
15. The Mauryan dynasty differed from the Gupta dynasty in that
A) it was imposed by conquerors from Greece
B) it ruled a larger territory
C) it attacked Buddhist beliefs
D) it refused to develop a strong army
E) Mauryan rulers opposed the caste system
16. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of American civilizations during the post-classic period?
A) large cities based on elaborate political and economic organization
B) elaborate cultural systems
C) monotheism
D) highly developed agriculture
E) diverse civilizations
17. What city did the Aztecs establish ca. 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco?
A) Teotihuacan
B) Culhuacan
C) Texcoco
D) Tenochtitlan
E) Chinampa
18. Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Aztec rise to power?
A) the increasing dominance of nobility
B) the emergence of a ruler with supreme powers
C) the abandonment of human sacrifice
D) the subsequent expansion of power and the boundaries of Aztec control
E) a highly urbanized society
19. Which of the following statements concerning Aztec religion is most accurate?
A) Shortly after establishing their empire, the Aztecs abandoned all gods other than their patron, Huitzilopochtli.
B) Aztec deities were normally associated only with male forms.
C) Aztec deities were numerous and had different forms or manifestations somewhat like the avatars of the Hindu deities.
D) There was little or no animism in the religious world of the Aztecs.
E) Tonatiuh and Tezcatlipoca became the paramount gods.
20. The Aztec innovation in intensive agriculture in the aquatic environments of the lakes of central Mexico was the development of
A) chinampas.
B) pipiltin.
C) quipus.
D) calpulli.
E) Pochteca.
21. One of the most permanent features of Aztec society was its organization into clans or
A) chinampas.
B) pipiltin.
C) quipus.
D) calpulli.
E) pok-ta-pok.
22. Which of the following was NOT a function of the Aztec kinship groups?
A) assignment of people to cult groups
B) distributing land to household heads
C) organizing labor units for state service
D) organizing military units for warfare
E) maintaining temples and schools
23. The capitol of the Inca empire was
A) Cuzco.
B) Chan Chan.
C) Tihuanaco.
D) Chichen Itza.
E) Cajamarca.
24. The religious practice most closely associated with the state and the person of the Inca in Andean civilization was the cult of
A) human sacrifice.
B) the rain god.
C) the sun.
D) Quetzalcoatl.
E) Twantinsuyu.
25. Which of the following represents a cultural difference between the Incas and Aztecs?
A) monumental architecture
B) no practical use of the wheel
C) lack of a writing system
D) beautiful pottery and cloth
E) relative isolation
26. The Indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by
A) enforcing rules about social behavior.
B) unifying the subcontinent under a single government.
C) creating widespread interest in constitutional issues.
D) Promoting a belief in individual rights.
E) Causing unrest and rebellion
27. “Nirvana” meant
A) full union with the divine essence.
B) Reincarnation in a higher caste after a good life.
C) The Hindu holy book.
D) Obedience to the rules of the caste system.
E) Acquiring earthly wealth.
28. Buddhism differed from Hinduism by not believing
A) in the caste system.
B) In holy leaders.
C) In nirvana.
D) In the importance of moral obligations.
E) In spreading the faith.
29. Compared to China, India
A) lacked regional diversity.
B) Had greater contact with other societies and civilizations.
C) Had a more flexible social structure.
D) Was more secular in outlook.
E) Had much more recent origins.
30. In the classical period, both China and India
A) Showed considerable tolerance for different religions
B) Attempted to conquer the most territory possible.
C) Developed a lasting tradition of strong, centralized government
D) Welcomed influences from other countries
E) Created cultural traditions which rapidly died off.
31. Hellenistic society registered special advances in
A) science.
B) Latin literature.
C) Democracy.
D) Religious thought.
E) Warfare
32. From a Confucian viewpoint, the Roman Empire might have been criticized for placing too much confidence in
A) divine backing for the emperor.
B) Public works functions.
C) Laws rather than trained officials.
D) Harsh punishments of criminals.
E) Religious conviction.
33. Despite major differences, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all show interest in
A) strong priesthood.
B) Clearly organized church structures
C) Absolute hostility to the worship of religious images and spirits of nature.
D) Life after death.
E) Polytheism.
34. The “lessons” of late Han China and the late Roman empire are that the decline of a civilization, whether temporary or permanent,
A) is not simply the result of attack by outside invaders.
B) Follows inevitably from centralized, unrepresentative government.
C) Results from undue dependence on slavery.
D) Results from social rebellion in which the poor attack the rich and tear down their institutions.
E) Results from a lack of religious conviction.
35. By 600 C.E., an early civilization was beginning to take shape in
A) Central America.
B) Brazil.
C) The west coast of North America.
D) Russia.
E) The West Indies.