7th Grade Science Vocabulary:
Weather:
●Water Cycle (precipitation (rain, hail, sleet or snow), evaporation, condensation (cool/clouds)
●Humidity (moisture in the air causes precipitation)
●Dew Point (rate at which condensation occurs)
●Weather (short term changes)/Climate (long term averages relating to latitude)
●Thermal Heating (conduction/radiation/convection)
●Anemometer (wind speed)
●Barometer (air pressure)
●Temperature (heat)
●Fronts (cold, warm, stationary, occluded)
●Air Masses (Continental-dry/Maritime-humid, Tropical-warm/Polar-cold)
●Clouds (Fog, Stratus, Cumulus, Cumulonimbus, Cirrus)
●Air Pressure (high-happy/Low-lousy)
●Composition Nitrogen/Oxygen (mostly Nitrogen)
●Layers of the Atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere)
○Ozone layer (in stratosphere/protective layer)
○Ionosphere (Aurora Borealis/Northern Lights)
○Altitude (higher in altitude the lower the air pressure)
●Global winds (Trade winds/Westerlies/Easterlies)
○Coriolis Effect (curve of winds)
○Jet Streams-meandering winds (west to east in the U.S.)
○Calm Belts (Doldrums and Horse Latitudes)
○Unequal Heating-Land heats/cools quicker than water
●Land Breeze-Sea air rises-cold air from the land takes its place creating a breeze from the land
●Sea breeze-Sun heats the land during the day-warm air rise and cold air from the sea takes its place
●Tornadoes -(funnel cloud that touches the ground)
●Hurricanes (forms near the equator in warm waters)
●Thunderstorms (cumulonimbus clouds and cold fronts)
●Meteorologist(studies weather)
●Doppler Radar (precipitation)/Satellites/Radar/Weather Maps/Station Models
●Air Pollution (air quality/stewardship)
Living Organisms:
●Living Organisms-1. Made of Cells 2. Reproduce 3. obtain/use Energy 4. Grow/Develop 5. Respond/Adapt to their environment
●Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
●Unicellular Organisms (Volvox-plant/flagella, Paramecium-animal/cilia, Euglena-both/flagella, Amoeba-animal/pseudopods)
●Autotroph-makes their own food/Heterotroph-relies on others to get food
●Prokaryotic-no nucleus/Eukaryotic-nucleus Cells
●Animal Cell/Organelles (cell membrane-allows things in and out, cytoplasm-holds the organelles, mitochondria (creates energy), Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER-transports), Golgi Body (packages), Ribosomes (makes protein), Nucleus (control center), lysosomes (digests)
●Plant Cells/Organelles (Chloroplast (photosynthesis/Chlorophyll)/Cell Wall (protects/supports)/Larger Vacuole-water)
●Cell Cycle(Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, Cytokinesis)
●Mitosis-results in two daughter cells (prophase, metaphase (middle), anaphase (apart), telophase (2 nuclei)
●Body Systems (Circulatory, Respiratory, Excretory, Digestive, Muscular, Skeletal, Endocrine, Immune, Nervous, integumentary)
●Homeostasis-maintain balance in the body (all systems work together to keep the body functioning)
Heredity/Genetics:
●Meiosis results in four sex cells (sperm or egg)
●Asexual Reproduction (budding (grow off the parent), fission (split in two), regeneration (grow a new body), cloning (copy in a lab)
●Sexual Reproduction (variation, gametes (egg/sperm), fertilization, zygote, haploid (half)/diploid)
●Punnett Squares (possible outcomes of an offspring)
●Genetics (dominant/recessive traits)
●chromosomes/genes/alleles
●Homozygous (same)/heterozygous (different)
●Genotype alleles from parents (letters)/phenotype (physical traits)
●DNA/replication/mutation
●Pedigree (shows passing down of a trait from one generation to another)
●Heredity (passing down of traits)
●Environment/lifestyle vs. inheritance effect on survival/genetic diseases
Force/Motion:
●Motion (change of position from the reference point)
●Displacement-the moving of something from its original position.
●Newton’s Laws (1st-inertia object in motion stays in motion, 2nd-f = ma, 3rd action/reaction)
●Balanced/unbalanced Forces (unbalanced causes objects to move)
●Speed (s = d/t)
●Velocity (speed in a specific direction)
●Speed/distance graphs-positive slope = an increase in speed
●Acceleration (speed up, speed down, and change direction)
●Momentum-force gained as a result of mass (takes time to slow down/slow down if it has more mass)
●Force -Push/Pull (contact/non-contact)
●Friction (sliding, rolling, static, fluid)
●Law of Universal Gravity (closer the objects or larger the mass the larger force of gravity)
●Mass vs. weight (mass-amount in an object/weight is the amount of gravitational pull)
●Air resistance (larger the object’s surface area the slower it falls) (parachutes)
●Centripetal force (moving or tending to move toward a center)
●Magnetism force (North/South Poles “opposites attract”)
Energy/Transformations
●Potential Forms-stored (Chemical, Nuclear, Elastic, Gravitational)
●Kinetic Forms-moving (Mechanical, Electrical, Light/Radiant, Thermal/heat, Sound)
●Energy transformations (Roller coaster, pendulum, cars on a ramp)
●Law of Conservation of Energy-energy can’t be created/destroyed only transformed to different forms
●Simple Machines (levers-3 classes, wedge, screw, inclined plane, pulley, wheel/axle)
●Work-movement is in the same direction of the force
●Power-rate of doing work/Efficiency-how much energy is conserved
●Mechanical Advantage-amount the input force is MULTIPLIED
●Ohm’s Law/Voltage/Electric Current-the higher the voltage the higher the electric current
●Electric discharge (lightning)
●Static Electricity-Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges in material.
●Electrons(opposites attract-Positive and negative)
●Conductors (copper, metal)/Insulators (plastic, rubber)
●Series circuits (1 path, 1 goes out they all do/parallel circuits (many paths, 1 goes out they remain on)
●Electromagnets-a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core becomes magnetized when an electric current flows through the wire.