1. Documentation of the Searches

1. Documentation of the Searches

DATA SUPPLEMENT

1. Documentation of the Searches

1.1 MEDLINE

  • Search date: May 24th, 2011
  • Databases: Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily Update <May 20, 2011> AND Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1948 to Present>

No. / Search Term / Results
1 / exp *Intestinal Neoplasms/ OR *Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/ / 124,524
2 / ((rectal OR rectum OR colon* OR colorect* OR colo-rect* or gastrointestinal OR gastro-intestinal OR intestinal OR solid) adj3 (cancer* OR carcinom* OR neoplas* OR tumo* OR metast*)).ti / 80,260
3 / 1 OR 2 / 139,084
4 / Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/ / 5,387
5 / (shedd* adj3 cell*).mp. / 994
6 / exp *Intestinal Neoplasms/bl OR *Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/bl / 1,501
7 / minimal residual disease.mp. / 3,594
8 / exp Intestinal Neoplasms/bl AND (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*).mp. / 357
9 / ((hematogen* OR haematogen* OR blood OR bone marrow) adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp / 2,595
10 / ((dis?eminat* OR des?iminat* OR circulat*) adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp. / 7,704
11 / Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/bl / 1,308
12 / Bone marrow examination/ / 5,546
13 / Bone Marrow Neoplasms/sc / 721
14 / OR/4-13 / 22,321
15 / 3 AND 14 / 2,453
16 / exp Prognosis/ / 802,604
17 / exp risk/ / 661,166
18 / (prognos* OR risk* OR survival* OR recurren* OR relaps*).mp. / 2,339,753
19 / (predict* adj3 (factor* OR marker* OR biomarker* OR relevan* OR role*)).mp. / 42,221
20 / exp epidemiologic studies/ / 1,308,340
21 / OR/16-20 / 3,319,645
22 / 15 AND 21 / 1,405
23 / exp animals/ NOT humans/ / 3,585,410
24 / 22 NOT 23 / 1,373
25 / metast*.mp. / 311,090
26 / 24 AND 25 / 611

1.2 EMBASE

  • Search date: May 24th, 2011
  • Database: Embase Classic+Embase <1947 to 2011 May 20>

No. / Search Term / Results
1 / exp *Intestinal Neoplasms/ OR *Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/ / 149,638
2 / ((rectal OR rectum OR colon* OR colorect* OR colo-rect* or gastrointestinal OR gastro-intestinal OR intestinal OR solid) adj3 (cancer* OR carcinom* OR neoplas* OR tumo* OR metast*)).ti / 101,350
3 / 1 OR 2 / 169,627
4 / Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/ / 2,581
5 / (shedd* adj3 cell*).mp. / 1,201
6 / minimal residual disease.mp. / 9,479
7 / ((hematogen* OR haematogen* OR blood OR bone marrow) adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp / 7,466
8 / ((dis?eminat* OR des?iminat* OR circulat*) adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp. / 5,038
9 / Bone marrow examination/ / 5,846
10 / (blood AND (detect* adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*))).mp / 1,514
11 / (bone marrow AND (detect* adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*))).mp / 720
12 / (h#ematogen* AND (detect* adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*))).mp / 25
13 / (circulat* adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp / 2,853
14 / OR/4-13 / 29,729
15 / 3 AND 14 / 1,284
16 / exp disease course/ / 1,589,188
17 / exp risk/ / 1,032,594
18 / (prognos* OR risk* OR survival* OR recurren* OR relaps*).mp. / 2,961,776
19 / (predict* adj3 (factor* OR marker* OR biomarker* OR relevan* OR role*)).mp. / 55,362
20 / exp epidemiologic studies/ / 1,546,217
21 / OR/16-20 / 4,381,718
22 / 15 AND 21 / 840
23 / exp animals/ NOT humans/ / 1,265,875
24 / 22 NOT 23 / 831
25 / metast*.mp. / 437,334
26 / 24 AND 25 / 542

1.3 Science Citation Index

  • Search date: May 24th, 2011
  • Database: Science Citation Index

No. / Search Term / Results
1 / TS=(shedd* same cell*) / 2,707
2 / TS="minimal residual disease" / 6,025
3 / TS=((hematogen* OR haematogen* OR blood OR bone marrow) same ("tumo* cell*" OR "cancer* cell*" OR "neoplas* cell*" OR "carcinoma cell*")) / 6,754
4 / TS=((disseminat* OR diseminat* OR dessiminat* OR desiminat* OR circulat*) same ("tumo* cell*" OR "cancer* cell*" OR "neoplas* cell*" OR "carcinoma cell*")) / 4,974
5 / TS=(("tumo* cell*" OR "cancer* cell*" OR "neoplas* cell*" OR "carcinoma cell*") same detect*) / 9,823
6 / #5 OR #4 OR #3 OR #2 OR #1 / 26,169
7 / TS=((rectal OR rectum OR colon* OR colorect* OR colo-rect* OR gastrointestinal OR gastro-intestinal OR intestinal OR solid) same (cancer* OR carcinom* OR neoplas* OR tumo*)) / >100,000
8 / #7 AND #6 / 4,388
9 / TS=(prognos* OR risk* OR survival* OR recurren* OR relaps*) / >100,000
10 / TS=(predict* same (factor* OR marker* OR biomarker* OR relevan* OR role*)) / >100,000
11 / #10 OR #9 / >100,000
12 / #11 AND #8 / 1,783
13 / TI=((rectal OR rectum OR colon* OR colorect* OR colo-rect* OR gastrointestinal OR gastro-intestinal OR intestinal OR solid) same (cancer* OR carcinom* OR neoplas* OR tumo*)) / 94,568
14 / #13 AND #12 / 576
15 / TS=(metast*) / >100,000
16 / #14 AND #15 / 365

1.4 BIOSIS

  • Search date: May 24th, 2011
  • Database: BIOSIS Previews <1993 to 2011 Week 24>

No. / Search Term / Results
1 / (shedd* adj3 cell*).mp. / 758
2 / minimal residual disease.mp. / 4,270
3 / ((hematogen* OR haematogen* OR blood OR bone marrow) adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp / 11,281
4 / ((dis?eminat* OR des?iminat* OR circulat*) adj3 (tumo* cell* OR cancer* cell* OR neoplas* cell* OR carcinoma cell*)).mp. / 2,835
5 / ((rectal OR rectum OR colon* OR colorect* OR colo-rect* or gastrointestinal OR gastro-intestinal OR intestinal OR solid) adj3 (cancer* OR carcinom* OR neoplas* OR tumo* OR metast*)).tw / 123,393
6 / Digestive System/ / 632,566
7 / "14006".cc. / 576,201
8 / "24004".cc. / 910,551
9 / Neoplastic Disease/ / 831,502
10 / 6 OR 7 / 940,654
11 / 9 OR 8 / 1,009,704
12 / 10 AND 11 / 202,988
13 / 5 AND 12 / 71,417
14 / ((rectal OR rectum OR colon* OR colorect* OR colo-rect* or gastrointestinal OR gastro-intestinal OR intestinal OR solid) adj3 (cancer* OR carcinom* OR neoplas* OR tumo* OR metast*)).ti / 50,899
15 / 13 OR 14 / 84,747
16 / (prognos* OR risk* OR survival* OR recurren* OR relaps*).mp. / 1,111,611
17 / (predict* adj3 (factor* OR marker* OR biomarker* OR relevan* OR role*)).mp. / 26,980
18 / 17 OR 16 / 1,124,058
19 / 18 AND 15 / 26,208
20 / 4 OR 1 OR 3 OR 2 / 18,378
21 / 19 AND 20 / 258
22 / (animal* or mice or rat or rats).ti. / 631,548
23 / 21 NOT 22 / 247
24 / metast*.mp. / 135,770
25 / 23 AND 24 / 150

1.5 Cited Reference Search

  • Search date: July 10th, 2011
  • Database: Cited Reference Search, – Web of Science

First Author / Cited References
Wyld(1) / 105
Staritz(2) / 2
Cohen 2006(3) / 39
Hiraiwa(4) / 16
Cohen 2009(5) / 25
Yen(6) / 15
Gazzaniga(7) / 0
Königsberg(8) / 3
Tol(9) / 6
Matsusaka(10) / 0
Vlems(11) / 15
Koch(12) / 37
Schoppmeyer(13) / 6
Papavasiliou(14) / 0
Vogelaar(15) / 1
Rahbari(16) / 0

Total after deleting duplicates: 201 (69 duplicates)

1.6 Cochrane library

  • Search date: July 10th, 2011
  • Database: Cochrane library
  • Search query: Neoplastic cells, circulating (MeSH term)
  • Evaluated abstract of: 2 Cochrane Reviews, 6 other reviews, 287 clinical trials, 3 technology assessments, 1 economic evaluation
  • Relevant papers not found in Medline/Embase/Biosis/Science Citation Index searches: None

1.7 International Clinical Trials Registry Platform – WHO

  • Search date: July 10th, 2011
  • Database: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform – WHO
  • Search query: Circulating tumor cells
  • Evaluated abstracts: 33 clinical trials
  • Relevant papers not found in Medline/Embase/Biosis/Science Citation Index searches: None

2. Excluded studies

Exclusion criterium / Number of Studies
No survival data(17-49) / 33
No stage IV-specific survival data(50-88) / 39
No stage IV patients(89-106) / 18
<20 patients(107-110) / 4
no original data(111-113) / 3
Chinese(114-116) / 3
Excluded detection method(117,118) / 2
Redundant(119) / 1
Median follow-up <6 monts(120) / 1

3. Assessment of publication bias

Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots.

Funnel Plot Analysis on Overall Survival

Funnel Plot Analysis on Progression Free Survival

4. Additional study characteristics

First author / Synchronous metastases, % / Preoperative chemotherapy, % / Extrahepatic disease, % / Clinical risk score, mean / Disease free interval <12 months, % / Chemotherapy regimen
Vlems / 61 / 34 / 12 / - / - / -
Koch / 30 / 22 / 0 / 1.8 / 54 / -
Schoppmeyer / - / - / - / - / - / -
Papavasiliou / 70 / 85 / - / 1.3 / - / 75% FOLFOX/FOLFIRI
Vogelaar / - / 66 / 15 / 36% >2 / 59 / -
Rahbari / 42 / 34 / 0 / 40% >2 / - / 17% bevacizumab

REFERENCES

(1) Wyld DK, Selby P, Perren TJ, Jonas SK, Allen-Mersh TG, Wheeldon J, et al. Detection of colorectal cancer cells in peripheral blood by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for cytokeratin 20. Int J Cancer 1998 Jun 19;79(3):288-293.

(2) Staritz P, Kienle P, Koch M, Benner A, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Rudi J, et al. Detection of disseminated tumour cells as a potential surrogate-marker for monitoring palliative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2004 Dec;23(4):633-639.

(3) Cohen SJ, Alpaugh RK, Gross S, O'Hara SM, Smirnov DA, Terstappen LWMM, et al. Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clinical Colorectal Cancer 2006 Jul 2006;6(2):125-132.

(4) Hiraiwa K, Takeuchi H, Hasegawa H, Saikawa Y, Suda K, Ando T, et al. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in blood from patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Ann Surg Oncol 2008 Nov;15(11):3092-3100.

(5) Cohen SJ, Punt CJ, Iannotti N, Saidman BH, Sabbath KD, Gabrail NY, et al. Prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2009 Jul;20(7):1223-1229.

(6) Yen LC, Yeh YS, Chen CW, Wang HM, Tsai HL, Lu CY, et al. Detection of KRAS oncogene in peripheral blood as a predictor of the response to cetuximab plus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009 Jul 1;15(13):4508-4513.

(7) Gazzaniga P, Gradilone A, Petracca A, Nicolazzo C, Raimondi C, Iacovelli R, et al. Molecular markers in circulating tumour cells from metastatic colorectal cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2010 Aug;14(8):2073-2077.

(8) Konigsberg R, Gneist M, Jahn-Kuch D, Pfeiler G, Hager G, Hudec M, et al. Circulating tumor cells in metastatic colorectal cancer: efficacy and feasibility of different enrichment methods. Cancer Lett 2010 Jul 1;293(1):117-123.

(9) Tol J, Koopman M, Miller MC, Tibbe A, Cats A, Creemers GJM, et al. Circulating tumour cells early predict progression-free and overall survival in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and targeted agents. Ann Oncol 2010 MAY;21(5):1006-1012.

(10) Matsusaka S, Suenaga M, Mishima Y, Kuniyoshi R, Takagi K, Terui Y, et al. Circulating tumor cells as a surrogate marker for determining response to chemotherapy in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2011 Jun;102(6):1188-1192.

(11) Vlems FA, Diepstra JH, Punt CJ, Ligtenberg MJ, Cornelissen IM, van Krieken JH, et al. Detection of disseminated tumour cells in blood and bone marrow samples of patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastasis of colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2003 Aug;90(8):989-995.

(12) Koch M, Kienle P, Hinz U, Antolovic D, Schmidt J, Herfarth C, et al. Detection of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination predicts tumor relapse in patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 2005 Feb;241(2):199-205.

(13) Schoppmeyer K, Fruhauf N, Oldhafer K, Seeber S, Kasimir-Bauer S. Tumor cell dissemination in colon cancer does not predict extrahepatic recurrence in patients undergoing surgery for hepatic metastases. Oncol Rep 2006 Feb;15(2):449-454.

(14) Papavasiliou P, Fisher T, Kuhn J, Nemunaitis J, Lamont J. Circulating tumor cells in patients undergoing surgery for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Baylor Univ Med Cent Proc 2010 Jan;23(1):11-14.

(15) Vogelaar FJ, Mesker WE, Rijken AM, van Pelt GW, van Leeuwen AM, Tanke HJ, et al. Clinical impact of different detection methods for disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases: a prospective follow-up study. BMC Cancer 2010;10:153.

(16) Rahbari NN, Reissfelder C, Muhlbayer M, Weidmann K, Kahlert C, Buchler MW, et al. Correlation of circulating angiogenic factors with circulating tumor cells and disease recurrence in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2011 Aug;18(8):2182-2191.

(17) Bonmassar L, Fossile E, Scoppola A, Graziani G, Prete SP, Formica V, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells is improved by drug-induced antigen up-regulation: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 2010 November 2010;30(11):4721-4730.

(18) Castells A, Boix L, Bessa X, Gargallo L, Pique JM. Detection of colonic cells in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients by means of reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction. Br J Cancer 1998 Nov;78(10):1368-1372.

(19) Conzelmann M, Linnemann U, Berger MR. Molecular detection of clinical colorectal cancer metastasis: how should multiple markers be put to use?. Int J Colorectal Dis 2005 Mar;20(2):137-146.

(20) Denis MG, Lipart C, Leborgne J, LeHur PA, Galmiche JP, Denis M, et al. Detection of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 1997 Oct 21;74(5):540-544.

(21) Dymicka-Piekarska V, Kemona H. Does colorectal cancer clinical advancement affect adhesion molecules (sP-selectin, sE-selectin and ICAM-1) concentration?. Thromb Res 2009 May;124(1):80-83.

(22) Flatmark K, Bjornland K, Johannessen HO, Hegstad E, Rosales R, Harklau L, et al. Immunomagnetic detection of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2002 Feb;8(2):444-449.

(23) Fournier MV, Carvalho MG, Pardee AB. A strategy to identify genes associated with circulating solid tumor cell survival in peripheral blood. Mol Med 1999 May;5(5):313-319.

(24) Funaki NO, Tanaka J, Sugiyama T, Ohshio G, Nonaka A, Yotsumoto F, et al. Perioperative quantitative analysis of cytokeratin 20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2000 Mar-Apr;7(2):271-276.

(25) Gervasoni A, Monasterio Munoz RM, Wengler GS, Rizzi A, Zaniboni A, Parolini O. Molecular signature detection of circulating tumor cells using a panel of selected genes. Cancer Lett 2008 May 18;263(2):267-279.

(26) Guadagni F, Kantor J, Aloe S, Carone MD, Spila A, D'Alessandro R, et al. Detection of blood-borne cells in colorectal cancer patients by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA: longitudinal analyses and demonstration of its potential importance as an adjunct to multiple serum markers. Cancer Res 2001 Mar 15;61(6):2523-2532.

(27) Guo J, Xiao B, Jin Z, Qin L, Chen J, Chen H, et al. Detection of cytokeratin 20 mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer by immunomagnetic bead enrichment and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymeras chain reaction. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005 Aug;20(8):1279-1284.

(28) Hauch S, Zimmermann S, Lankiewicz S, Zieglschmid V, Bocher O, Albert WH. The clinical significance of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer and colorectal cancer patients. Anticancer Res 2007 May-Jun;27(3A):1337-1341.

(29) Ichikawa D, Kitamura K, Tani N, Nishida S, Tsurutome H, Hakomori S, et al. Molecular detection of disseminated cancer cells in the peripheral blood and expression of sialylated antigens in colon cancers. J Surg Oncol 2000 Oct;75(2):98-102.

(30) Karanikiotis C, Skiadas I, Karina M, Georgakopoulou S, Georgakopoulos E, Fountzilas G. A novel chromatographic method for Ep-CAM mRNA detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 2005 JAN-FEB;25(1A):319-323.

(31) Khan ZAJ, Jonas SK, Le-Marer N, Patel H, Wharton RQ, Tarragona A, et al. P53 Mutations in Primary and Metastatic Tumors and Circulating Tumor Cells from Colorectal Carcinoma Patients. Clinical Cancer Research 2000 SEP;6(9):3499-3504.

(32) Lankiewicz S, Zimmermann S, Hollmann C, Hillemann T, Greten TF. Circulating tumour cells as a predictive factor for response to systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2008 DEC;2(4):349-355.

(33) Leinung S, Schonfelder A, Schonfelder M. Immunocytochemical detection of cytokeratin positive cells in human bone marrow of gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Zentralbl Chir 1998 1998;123(5):520-524.

(34) Maestro LM, Sastre J, Rafael SB, Veganzones SB, Vidaurreta M, Martin M, et al. Circulating tumor cells in solid tumor in metastatic and localized stages. Anticancer Res 2009 Nov;29(11):4839-4843.

(35) Miura M, Ichikawa Y, Tanaka K, Kamiyama M, Hamaguchi Y, Ishikawa T, et al. Real-time PCR (TaqMan PCR) quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Anticancer Res 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2B):1271-1276.

(36) Nozawa H, Watanabe T, Ohnishi T, Tada T, Tsurita G, Sasaki S, et al. Detection of cancer cells in mesenteric vein and peripheral vessels by measuring telomerase activity in patients with colorectal cancer. Surgery 2003 Nov;134(5):791-798.

(37) O'Connor OJ, Cahill RA, Kirwan WO, Redmond HP. The impact of bone marrow micrometastases on metastatic disease-free survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Colorectal Dis 2005 Jul;7(4):406-409.

(38) Patel H, Le Marer N, Wharton RQ, Khan ZA, Araia R, Glover C, et al. Clearance of circulating tumor cells after excision of primary colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 2002 Feb;235(2):226-231.

(39) Piva MG, Navaglia F, Basso D, Fogar P, Roveroni G, Gallo N, et al. CEA mRNA identification in peripheral blood is feasible for colorectal, but not for gastric or pancreatic cancer staging. Oncology 2000 Nov;59(4):323-328.

(40) Schneider BM, Schlimok G, Riethmuller G, Witte J. [Bone marrow micrometastases in colorectal cancers]. Fortschr Med 1989 Jan 20;107(2):59-63.

(41) Sheehan KM, Cahill RA, McGreal G, Steele C, Byrne MF, Kirwan WO, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in primary human colorectal cancers and bone marrow micrometastases. Dig Liver Dis 2004 Jun;36(6):392-397.

(42) Tralhao JG, Hoti E, Serodio M, Laranjeiro P, Paiva A, Abrantes AM, et al. Perioperative tumor cell dissemination in patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer. Ejso 2010 FEB;36(2):125-129.

(43) Ueda T, Furui J, Komuta K, Yamaguchi J, Yamamoto M, Furukawa K, et al. Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA in the mesenteric vein of patients with resectable colorectal cancer. Surg Today 1998 1998;28(7):701-706.

(44) Weihrauch MR, Skibowski E, Koslowsky TC, Voiss W, Re D, Kuhn-Regnier F, et al. Immunomagnetic enrichment and detection of micrometastases in colorectal cancer: correlation with established clinical parameters. J Clin Oncol 2002 Nov 1;20(21):4338-4343.

(45) Weitz J, Koch M, Kienle P, Schrodel A, Willeke F, Benner A, et al. Detection of hematogenic tumor cell dissemination in patients undergoing resection of liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 2000 Jul;232(1):66-72.

(46) Werther K, Normark M, Brunner N, Nielsen HJ. Cytokeratin-positive cells in preoperative peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates of patients with colorectal cancer. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2002 2002;62(1):49-58.

(47) Wong LS, Cantrill JE, Odogwu S, Morris AG, Fraser IA. Detection of circulating tumour cells and nodal metastasis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. Br J Surg 1997 Jun;84(6):834-839.

(48) Wong IH, Yeo W, Chan AT, Johnson PJ. Quantitative relationship of the circulating tumor burden assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for cytokeratin 19 mRNA in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients with Dukes' stage, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and tumor progression. Cancer Lett 2001 Jan 10;162(1):65-73.

(49) Zieglschmid V, Hollmann C, Mannel J, Albert W, Jaeschke-Melli S, Eckstein B, et al. Tumor-associated gene expression in disseminated tumor cells correlates with disease progression and tumor stage in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 2007 Jul-Aug;27(4A):1823-1832.

(50) Allen-Mersh TG, McCullough TK, Patel H, Wharton RQ, Glover C, Jonas SK. Role of circulating tumour cells in predicting recurrence after excision of primary colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 2007 Jan;94(1):96-105.

(51) Bessa X, Elizalde JI, Boix L, Pinol V, Lacy AM, Salo J, et al. Lack of prognostic influence of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2001 Apr;120(5):1084-1092.

(52) Bjornland K, Flatmark K, Mala T, Mathisen O, Bakka A, Aasen AO, et al. Detection of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow of patients with isolated liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2003 Apr;82(4):224-227.

(53) Broll R, Lembcke K, Stock C, Zingler M, Duchrow M, Schimmelpenning H, et al. [Tumor cell dissemination in bone marrow and peritoneal cavity. An immunocytochemical study of patients with stomach or colorectal carcinoma]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1996;381(1):51-58.

(54) Buergy D, Fuchs T, Kambakamba P, Mudduluru G, Maurer G, Post S, et al. Prognostic impact of extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer: immunohistochemical analyses of colorectal tumors and immunocytochemical screening of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer 2009 Oct 15;115(20):4667-4678.

(55) Buxhofer-Ausch V, Ausch C, Kitzweger E, Mollik M, Reiner-Concin A, Ogris E, et al. Spontaneous changes in tumour cell dissemination to bone marrow in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2010 Aug;12(8):776-782.

(56) Chen WS, Chung MY, Liu JH, Liu JM, Lin JK. Impact of circulating free tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients during laparoscopic surgery. World J Surg 2004 JUN;28(6):552-557.

(57) Douard R, Wind P, Sales JP, Landi B, Berger A, Benichou J, et al. Long-term prognostic value of detection of circulating colorectal cancer cells using CGM2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Surgery 2006 Apr;139(4):556-562.

(58) Etoh T, Ueo H, Inoue H, Sato K, Utsunomiya T, Barnard GF, et al. Clinical significance of K-Ras mutations in intraoperative tumor drainage blood from patients with colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2001 Jun;8(5):407-412.

(59) Ferroni P, Roselli M, Spila A, D'Alessandro R, Portarena I, Mariotti S, et al. Serum sE-Selectin Levels and Carcinoembryonic Antigen mRNA-Expressing Cells in Peripheral Blood as Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancer 2010 JUN 15;116(12):2913-2921.

(60) Friederichs J, Gertler R, Rosenberg R, Nahrig J, Fuhrer K, Holzmann B, et al. Prognostic impact of CK-20-positive cells in peripheral venous blood of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. World J Surg 2005 Apr;29(4):422-428.

(61) Friederichs J, Gertler R, Rosenberg R, Dahm M, Nekarda H, Holzmann B, et al. Correlation of CK-20-positive cells in peripheral venous blood with serum CEA levels in patients with colorectal carcinoma. World J Surg 2007 Dec;31(12):2329-2334.

(62) Garcia JM, Pena C, Garcia V, Dominguez G, Munoz C, Silva J, et al. Prognostic value of LISCH7 mRNA in plasma and tumor of colon cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2007 Nov 1;13(21):6351-6358.

(63) Garrido S M, Ramirez P, V., Risueno A C, Orellana U E, Galindo A H, Alvarez Z M. Cytokeratin 20 as a marker of tumor progression or dissemination in patients with colorectal cancer. Rev Med Chil 2008 APR;136(4):482-490.

(64) Gazzaniga P, Naso G, Gradilone A, Cortesi E, Gandini O, Gianni W, et al. Chemosensitivity profile assay of circulating cancer cells: prognostic and predictive value in epithelial tumors. International Journal of Cancer 2010 MAY 15;126(10):2437-2447.

(65) Griffiths JD, McKinna JA, Rowbotham HD. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: Circulating malignant cells and five year survival. Cancer 1973 1973;31(1):226-236.

(66) Hardingham JE, Kotasek D, Sage RE, Eaton MC, Pascoe VH, Dobrovic A. Detection of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer by immunobead-PCR is a sensitive prognostic marker for relapse of disease. Mol Med 1995 Nov;1(7):789-794.

(67) Iinuma H, Okinaga K, Adachi M, Suda K, Sekine T, Sakagawa K, et al. Detection of tumor cells in blood using CD45 magnetic cell separation followed by nested mutant allele-specific amplification of p53 and K-ras genes in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2000 Jul 20;89(4):337-344.

(68) Iinuma H, Okinaga K, Egami H, Mimori K, Hayashi N, Nishida K, et al. Usefulness and clinical significance of quantitative real-time RT-PCR to detect isolated tumor cells in the peripheral blood and tumor drainage blood of patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2006 Feb;28(2):297-306.

(69) Juhl H, Kalthoff H, Kruger U, Henne-Bruns D, Kremer B. [Immunocytologic detection of micro-metastatic cells in patients with gastrointestinal tumors]. Zentralbl Chir 1995;120(2):116-122.