Unit 4 Revolutions

Unit 4 Revolutions

Enlightenment

•Enlightened thinkers sought to apply methods of the ______Revolution to the study of ______Society—social studies

Enlightened Thinkers

•______

–Argued ______were created to ______people

–Emphasized importance of ______rights

•______

–Argued the ______of the people was ______

•______

–Argued ______could be agents of ______--not a radical or revolutionary per se

Some nobility ______enlightened thinkers

–Catherine the Great (______) & Frederick the Great (______) used Enlightened ideas to reform ______, legal systems, tax systems, & economies BUT, suppressed ideas that promoted ______or attacked ______

Enlightened Communication

•Enlightened ______communicated with political ______

–______were instrumental through ______, purchase and discussion of writings, and making homes a ______for gathering of the minds

•Enlightened ideas became popular with the growing ______in Europe and the ______Hemisphere

•Many saw the ______as a new, ______place where the ideas would have a ______

•______

–Came to ______natural genius and vast ______of the Americas

–His success in ______, scientific and intellectual accomplishments, and ______career offered proof that in a ______society without chains, such as America, that ______could thrive

Folk Culture and Popular Protest

•Most Westerners did not share ______ideas

•Most ______people were remaining ______to pre-industrial tradition

•As monarchs tried to ______tradition with increases in authority and power—such as through tax collection—common people began to ______

•Protests were aimed to ______custom and ______, not bring about ______

•When combined with ______within the ______, potential for revolution grew

American Revolution

Middle 1700’s

•Drains on government ______

–______and ______War—1756-1763

–______Years War—1756-1763

•13 colonies existed for the benefit of the ______Country—______

•England/Britain provided ______for the colonies.

•Mercantilism

•*(______had been through it’s own ______in the 1600’s—______Revolution/English ______1640’s & 1650’s and the ______Revolution 1688-1689—confirmed ______, rule by written law, and wrote the English ______)

British policies in the ______

•British policies undermined the ______economy provoking Indian raids in ______and ______

•The raids were ______within a year

•Fear of more ______forced Britain to:

–Proclamation of 1763—placed limits on westward ______

–Quebec Act of 1774—slowed settlement east of the ______River and north of the ______River

American Revolution 1775-1800

•______and ______

–British government faced ______problems in North American after 1763

•The danger of ______with the Indians as Colonists pushed west of the Appalachians and a rivalry with ______

•The need to raise taxes from the ______to help pay for the increasing cost of ______—both administration and defense

–British attempt to tax or ______westward expansion provoked the Colonists to ______

British Attempts to Raise ______

•British tried to raise money through ______and ______regulations

–______Act

–______Act—tax on ______, paper, cards, deeds, wills

•Colonists ______and Parliament ______the tax

–______Act—tax on all ______and ______, glass, metal, etc.

–______Act—Colonists ______violently, Boston Tea Party, monopoly on tea for British East India Co.

•Boston ______—5 American ______killed

–______Acts—series of acts, closed the port of ______, required Colonists to ______British soldiers, etc.—______would get one sent to England for ______

British Advantages

•______—more soldiers

•Manufactured ______

–______, ammo, clothing

•More ______--large treasury

•______, well-trained ______

Colonial Advantages

•Fighting at ______—knew the lay of the land

•Fighting for a ______—motivated & determined

–______

–Protecting homes and ______

•Aided by the ______

•Strong leaders—______, had previously fought with ______

Course of Revolution 1775-1783

•______governing bodies established a ______that printed ______and organized an ______

•Ideological ______for ______

–Thousands of street-corner ______

–Thomas ______—Common Sense

–Declaration of ______

______were sent to colonies

–British forces ______most battles, but were unable to control ______

–British forces also unable to achieve a political ______to the solution of the colonial ______

•Native Americans served ______sides—British and Colonies

–______leader fled to ______when war was over

______entered the war in ______

•Assisted ______forces including ______Warfare that helped General Washington defeat General ______

•Treaty of ______in 1783 ______the war granting unconditional ______to the ______

Prelude to Revolutions

•______among European powers ______in the 1600 and 1700’s—growing ______

•______was growing on the seas

•______attacked Spanish and Portuguese ______

•______placed the ______in check

•British defeated the French in the ______War 1756-1763 taking over French ______possessions in the ______and ______

•Competition and war led to ______costs

–European ______were being forced to seek new sources of ______while at the same time, the ______was inspiring people to question the ______