This Is the Last Lecture with Dr.Saleem .
Physiology sheet
This is the Last lecture with dr.saleem. ….
What’s the difference between the natural and synthetic(artificial)hormones or drugs?
-The synthetic is more potent (stronger).
Birth controlling pills: are daily pills contain a combination of the 2 hormones : estrogen and progesterone taken every 24 hours for 21days to prevent ovulation…so if no ovum found no fertilization could occur….no pregnancy.
the hormones found in the pills are synthetic.
In (85-90)% of ladies the menstrual cycle takes about 28days(this is the ideal duration) ,the percentage left may range between(21-40)days.
Sperms can maintain their capability of fertilizing the ovum for 2 days and we give an extra day =3 days…same to the ovum .
so the sexual inter course between: ( 11 – 17 )days can lead to pregnancy which is called unsafe period(USP):fertile period.
The safe period(SP)doesn’t change so the couple can have a sexual inter course without pregnancy. IN ideal cases :BETWEEN (17-28)DAYS
The duration of menstrual phaseranges between (4-5)days ,but it is changeable(like in 45 or 40 years it could be longer or shorter)….
possible safe period(PSP):,which means that pregnancy may or may not occur. Ideal: between:(5-14)days.
Shown below the durations of different cycles….
you can notice that always after ovulation there are 14 days before the next menstruation to occur despite the changes in the day of ovulation… which means that the luteal phase doesn’t change(always 14 days) only the follicular phase that changes (the follicles either develop quickly or late).
Example:
If x:ovulation day
X+14=menstrual cycle
suppose the menstrual cycle =28 then:
x+14=28
x=28-14
then : x=14 which is the ideal day.
VIAGRA (sildenafil):
The third wonderful drug has been discovered
the first is penicillin ,the second is aspirin.
it is one of the phosphodiestrase inhibitors group.
first it was tested for treatment of hypertension, it was noticed to cause erections to impotent patients…so it treated the erectile dysfunctions and treated the impotence.
The action of sildenafil:
Sildenafil (this group of drugs ) induces erection in response to sexual stimulation by causing the smooth muscle relaxation by selected inhibition of phosphodiesterase ,an enzyme found mainly in the corpus cavernosum,parasympathetic nerve stimulation cause the release of nitrous oxide which stimulates the release of guanocine monophosphate(cGMP) resulting in smooth muscle vasodilation.
What makes the sildenafil a miracle ??
Sildenafil is not an aphrodiasiac,which means that it doesn’t function unless the male is stimulated,this point makes it a miracle ,so the male takes one hour before sexual intercourse between the couple while other drugs cause erection even without sexual stimulation .
Side effects of viagra:
Every drug has side effects,but the least are caused by sildenafil.
People having problems in liver,kidney,heart have to avoid this drug and every drug in fact,they have to be very careful.
Many of heart diseases don’t cause impotence but the drug used for treatment causes it ,so they found an alternative drug, foran obesepatient with heart disease takes Viagra with other drugs for a week then leave it and back to their original drugs(specific ,right medicine for that disease ) to prevent impotence.
Some drugs with glyceryl nitrate react with Viagra so they have to be avoided,because they may kill the patient….
Also it must not be taken with nitric oxide releasing drugs.
If the person suffering from impotence ,they have to take normal amount of Viagra,there are 2 accepted dozes :( 50 or 100) more than that may kill the patient and Viagramust not be taken everyday .
Taking Viagra by Contra -indicated in patients taking nitric oxide donors may result in reduction in blood pressure which could kill the patient.
Blindness is suggested to be caused by Viagra,but now they don’t discuss it…5 years agothere was a research about Viagra causing blindness but with diabetic persons, they found 5% of them having problems in their eyes which could be a result of diabetes itself!!so its normal
You must know that diabetic patients in general may have problems in their eyes .
Done by : hala alrawi
Very special thanks to my bestie: semo
devoted to:yasmen L.,Yasmin B,Sally A.j, Raghad Ak,Ghayda,Eman M,Eman Z,Afafand all of us ,future dentists….Have ur own goal and never let it go…