Table S1. Key Words of Wetland-Related Studies and Number of Full-Text Documents

Table S1. Key words of wetland-related studies and number of full-text documents

Key words

Num

Key words

Num

Key words

Num

Key words

Num

Estuary

211

Lagoon

177

Lake

878

Mangrove

184

Floodplain

128

Marsh

130

Swamp

Peatland

River

1354

Bog

Fen

Everglades

Intertidal zone

Mire

Hot spring

Subtidal

Water body

Lacustrine system

Riverine system

Palustrine system

Aquatic vegetation

Aquatic bed

Alginate layer

Hydromorphic soil

Phragmites australis

Total

3506

Table S2.Wetland types of GWVS compared with Ramsar Classification System

Type / Code / Subtype / Code / Description / Ramsar wetlands types (Code)
Marine/Coastal wetlands / 10 / Coastal swamp / 11 / Includes mangrove swamps, nipah swamps and tidal freshwater swamp forests. / Intertidal forested wetlands (I)
Coastal marsh / 12 / Includes salt marshes, salt meadows, saltings, raised salt marshes; includes tidal brackish and freshwater marshes. / Intertidal marsh (H)
Coastal mudflats / 13 / Includes intertidal mud, sand or salt flats; includes rocky offshore islands, sea cliffs; includes sand bars, spits and sandy islets; includes dune systems and humid dune slacks. / Rocky marine shores (D);
Sand, shingle or pebble shores (E);
Intertidal mud, sand or salt flats (G).
Estuary / 14 / Includes permanent estuarine waters and estuarine systems of deltas. / Estuarine waters (F)
Lagoon / 15 / Includes brackish to saline lagoons with at least one relatively narrow connection to the sea; includes freshwater delta lagoons. / Coastal brackish/saline lagoons (J);
Coastal freshwater lagoons (K)
Shallow water / 16 / Includes sea bays and straits which are in most cases less than six metres deep at low tide. / Permanent shallow marine waters (A)
Inland wetlands / 20 / Swamp / 21 / Includes freshwater swamp forests, seasonally flooded forests, wooded swamps on inorganic soils; includes shrub swamps, shrub-dominated freshwater marshes, shrub Carr, alder thicket on inorganic soils. / Shrub-dominated wetlands (W);
Freshwater tree-dominated wetlands (Xf).
Marsh / 22 / Marsh on inorganic soils, with emergent vegetation water-logged for at least most of the growing season, whether permanent or temporary, with water that is fresh, brackish or salt. Includes sloughs, seasonally flooded meadows, and sedge marshes. / Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools (Sp); Seasonal/ intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/ pools (Ss); Permanent freshwater marshes/pools (Tp); Seasonal /intermittent freshwater marshes/pools (Ts); Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes and flats(R).
Peatland / 23 / Includes shrub and open bogs, fens and peatswamp forests. / Nonforested peatlands (U); Forested peatlands (Xp).
River / 24 / Includes riverine water, streams and creeks, waterfalls; permanent or seasonal/intermittent/irregular. / Permanent rivers/streams/creeks(M);
Seasonal/intermittent/irregular rivers/streams/creeks (N)
Lake / 25 / Natural or seminatural lake, whether permanent or temporary, with water that is fresh, brackish or salt. Includes large oxbow lakes, floodplain lakes. / Permanent freshwater lakes(O);
Seasonal/intermittent freshwater lakes(P); Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes(Q)
Spring / 26 / Includes freshwater springs and geothermal wetlands. / Freshwater springs; oases (Y); Geothermal wetlands(Zg)
Mudflats / 27 / Includes flooded mud, sand or salt flats; includes the rocky shore of the river; Includes sand bars, spits and sandy islets of the river. / -
Human-made wetlands / 30 / Water storage area / 31 / Includes reservoirs, farm ponds, stock ponds, small tanks, swimming ponds. / Ponds(2);Water storage areas(6)
Salt field and fish farm / 32 / Includes fish/shrimp ponds; salt pans, saline pans. / Aquaculture(e.g., Fish/shrimp) ponds(1); Salt exploitation sites(5)

Table S3. Cross-matching of wetland types between GWVS and GLWD-3

Wetland Types in GLWD-3[26]. / Wetland Types in GWVS
1 Lake / 15 Lagoon; 25 Lake; 31 Water storage area;
2 Reservoir / 15 Lagoon; 25 Lake; 31 Water storage area;
3 River / 14 Estuary; 24 River;
4 Freshwater Marsh, Floodplain / 22 Marsh; 27 Mudflats; 24 River
5 Swamp Forest, Flooded Forest / 21 Swamp;
6 Coastal Wetland
(incl. Mangrove, Estuary, Delta, Lagoon) / 11 Coastal swamp; 12Coastal marsh; 13 Coastal mudflats;
14 Estuary; 15 Lagoon; 16 Swallow water
7 Pan, Brackish/saline Wetland / 22 Marsh; 25 Lake; 27 Mudflats;32 Salt field and fish farm
8 Bog, Fen, Mire / 23 Peatland
9 Intermittent Wetland/Lake / 22 Marsh; 25 Lake;
10 50-100% Wetland / All types
11 25-50% wetland / All types
12 Complex Wetland (0-25% Wetland) / All types

Table S4 User accuracy of wetland types of GLWD-3 validated by GWVS with a buffer (Diameter=500 m)

Wetland types in GLWD-3 / Wetland types in GWVS / Total / Accuracy
(%)
11
Coastal swamp / 12
Coastal marsh / 13
Coastal mudflats / 14
Estuary / 15
Lagoon / 16
Shallow
water / 21
Swamp / 22
Marsh / 23
Peatland / 24 River / 25 Lake / 26 Spring / 27
Mudflats / 31
Water storage area / 32
Salt field and
fish farm
1 Lake / 14 / 6 / 0 / 12 / 75 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 19 / 0 / 1 / 3 / 0 / 135 / 71.9
2 Reservoir / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 7 / 100
3 River / 2 / 2 / 0 / 20 / 1 / 0 / 10 / 4 / 0 / 16 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 58 / 62.1
4 Freshwater Marsh, Floodplain / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 12 / 9 / 2 / 36 / 5 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 73 / 64.4
5 Swamp Forest, Flooded Forest / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 9 / 4 / 0 / 9 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 25 / 36
6 Coastal Wetland / 23 / 5 / 8 / 18 / 10 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 68 / 95.6
7 Pan, Brackish/saline Wetland / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 50
8 Bog, Fen, Mire / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 50
9 Intermittent Wetland/Lake / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
10 50-100% Wetland / 1 / 3 / 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 22 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 33 / 100
11 25-50% wetland / 1 / 14 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 3 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 29 / 100
12 Complex Wetland (0-25% Wetland) / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 5 / 100
Subtotal / 45 / 30 / 8 / 61 / 88 / 1 / 36 / 22 / 6 / 65 / 32 / 23 / 4 / 13 / 3 / 437 / 73.3