Supplementary Table 4 Studies of Vitamin D in RA
Publication (year) / Study design / Exposure or variable analysed / Outcome / Main finding
Andjelkovic etal.S35 (1999) / Open label trial;
19 patients with RA / Oral alfacalcidol 2μg per day in addition to DMARDs / Disease activity / Treatment improved disease in 89% of patients
Merlino etal.S36 (2004) / Prospective cohort;
29,368 women with no history of RA / Dietary vitamin D intake from food frequency questionnaire / Incident RA / Weak inverse association between baseline vitamin D intake and incident RA
Cutolo etal.S37 (2006) / Cross-sectional study;
54 Italian and 64 Estonian patients with RA / Serum 25(OH)D level, season / Serum 25(OH)D; disease activity / Inverse association between 25(OH)D level and disease activity; circannual variation in 25(OH)D
Feser etal.S38 (2009) / Nested case–control study;
1,210 patients with RA / Serum 25(OH)D level / RF, ACPA / No association between 25(OH)D level and RArelated autoimmunity
Rossini etal.S39 (2010) / Cross-sectional study; 1,191 patients with RA (85% women) and 1,019 healthy control individuals / Serum 25(OH)D level / Disease activity / Inverse association between 25(OH)D level and disease activity
Haque etal.S40 (2010) / Cross-sectional study; 62 patients with RA / Serum 25(OH)D level / Disease activity / Inverse association between 25(OH)D level and disease activity in patients with active RA
Craig etal.S41 (2010) / Prospective cohort study; 266 African Americans with RA / Serum 25(OH)D level / Disease activity / No association between 25(OH)D level and disease severity after adjustment for season, age and gender
Rossini etal.S42 (2011) / Cross-sectional study; 1,191 patients with RA (1014 women, 177 men) / Serum 25(OH)D level / Erosive change / No association between 25(OH)D level and erosive change
Kerr etal.S43 (2011) / Cross-sectional study; 850 male patients with RA / Serum 25(OH)D level / Disease activity / Inverse association between 25(OH)D level and disease activity
Turhanoğlu etal.S44 (2011) / Cross-sectional study; 65 patients with RA and 40 healthy individuals / Serum 25(OH)D level / Disease activity / 25(OH)D level similar in RA cases and controls; modest inverse association between 25(OH)D level and disease activity
Lee etal.S45 (2011) / Meta-analysis of observational studies in
European and Asian patients with RA or SLE and controls / Genotype / RA / Association between FokI VDR polymorphismand RA
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; ACPA,anti-citrullinated peptide antibody; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor, SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
S35.Andjelkovic, Z. etal. Disease modifying and immunomodulatory effects of high dose 1α(OH)D3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.17, 453–456 (1999).
S36.Merlino, L.A. etal. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Arthritis Rheum.50, 72–77 (2004).
S37.Cutolo, M. etal. Circannual vitamin D serum levels and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: Northern versus Southern Europe. Clin.Exp. Rheumatol.24, 702–704 (2006).
S38.Feser, M. etal. Plasma 25,OH vitamin D concentrations are not associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoantibodies in individuals at elevated risk for RA. J. Rheumatol.36, 943–946 (2009).
S39.Rossini, M. etal. Vitamin D deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence, determinants and associations with disease activity and disability. Arthritis Res.Ther.12, R216 (2010).
S40.Haque, U.J. & Bartlett, S.J. Relationships among vitamin D, disease activity, pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin.Exp. Rheumatol.28, 745–747 (2010).
S41.Craig, S.M. etal. Vitamin D status and its associations with disease activity and severity in African Americans with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol.37, 275–281 (2010).
S42.Rossini, M. etal. Relationship of focal erosions, bone mineral density, and parathyroid hormone in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol.38, 997–1002 (2011).
S43.Kerr, G.S. etal.Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis and associations with disease severity and activity. J. Rheumatol.38, 53–59 (2011).
S44.Turhanoğlu, A.D. etal. The relationship between vitamin D and disease activity and functional health status in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol. Int.31, 911–914 (2011).
S45.Lee, Y.H., Bae, S.C., Choi, S.J., Ji, J.D. & Song, G.G. Associations between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Mol.Biol.Rep.38, 3643–3651 (2011).