Study Guide for Chapter 6Name______

Westward Expansion and Indian RemovalDue Date for Notebook and Test______

Headright or Land Lottery?

  1. 200 acres to head of family plus 50 acres for each additional family member- Headright
  2. Seven of these held in Georgia between 1805 and 1832- Land Lottery
  3. First distribution system used to give out land along Georgia’s eastern coast- Headright
  4. Recipients chose their own lots- Headright
  5. Maximum lot size = 1000 acres- Headright
  6. More people wanted land than lots available so could draw a “blank”- Land Lottery
  7. If you acquired land through this method you could farm it, sell it, or trade it- Land Lottery
  8. 21 year old males, widows, and orphans, who had lived in GA at least 1 year- Land Lottery
  9. Changed to this method to give out the state’s western lands because system was more fair- Land Lottery

Know the Answers to These Questions

  1. Why did Georgia leaders want new settlers to come to Georgia? Turn the forests into farms and raise livestock, to help stimulate Georgia’s economy, with a larger population Georgia could send more representatives to the House of Representatives and have a stronger voice in the government
  2. The University of Georgia was the first Land Grant University in the nation in 1785. What exactly does that mean? University of Georgia….the federal government donated land for the building of the school
  3. What was the main purpose of the Headright System and later the Land Lottery? To distribute land to Georgia’s settlers
  4. Were lots equal in size in the land lottery…why or why not? No….you might receive less acres if the land is perceived as being more valuable (fertile for farming or chance of gold)
  5. Who bribed the General Assembly to pass a law to sell western land cheaply? Four private land companies
  6. What was the name of this scandal? Yazoo Land Fraud Scandal
  7. When all of the records of this land sale were burned in front of the State Capitol building what city were they in? Louisville
  8. How much did the federal (U.S.) government pay for GA’s western lands and what did they promise to do? $1,250,000 and promised to remove all remaining Native Americans from Georgia’s western territory
  9. The fact that the steamboat could travel back up stream meant what to the people living in the middle section of GA? Easier to transport goods back and forth via shipping…more convenient and accessible to live further inland
  10. Define Subsistence Farming…Farmers who grew just enough crops to feed their families)
  11. Define Commercial Farming (Cash crops)….Farmers who were engaged in commercial agriculture and grew crops to sell at the market for cash
  12. What was the important crop in GA in the 1800’s? Cotton…so big it would become called “King Cotton”
  13. Who invented the cotton gin and mechanical reaper and how did these inventions affect farmers?

Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney and Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper

These inventions allowed Georgians to work larger and more profitable farms

  1. What is the function of the cotton gin? Separated the cotton fiber from the seeds much faster than it could be done by hand….made cotton production more profitable
  2. Indian paths became Georgia’s first ______. Roads
  3. Define War Hawks. Southerners and Westerners that wanted the United States to go to war against Great Britian with the hopes of acquiring more land (including Canada)
  4. What was the last battle of the Creek War? Battle of Horseshoe Bend
  5. Who was the Creek leader in the Oconee War between the Creek and the Georgia pioneers?

Chief Alexander McGillivray

Name the Treaty or Act

  1. Treaty of New York
  2. Indian Removal Act of 1830
  3. Treaty of Indian Springs
  4. Treaty of New Echota
  5. Treaty of Washington
  1. George Washington and Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray- A
  2. Ceded the last of Georgia’s land (between the Flint and the Chattahoochee Rivers)- C
  3. Ceded land east of the Oconee River- A
  4. Creek Chief William McIntosh and Governor George Troup- C
  5. President Andrew Jackson signed this bill into law that called for ALL Native Americans to be moved to the western lands- B
  6. Ceded five million acres of Creek land over to the U.S. government- E
  7. Ceded Cherokee Land over to Georgia’s leaders and was signed by Major Ridge and John Ridge- D

Cherokees

  1. Where was the capital of the Cherokee Nation established by 1825? New Echota (modern day Calhoun, GA)….the Cherokee Nation was located within a part of the states of GA, AL, TN, NC
  2. What accomplishment is Sequoyah (George Gist) known for? Developed a written syllabary for the Cherokees based on their spoken language
  3. What was the first Native American newspaper? Cherokee Phoenix
  4. Why did the government want to remove the Cherokees from their land? The final push was after gold was discovered on Cherokee land in Dahlonega in 1829
  5. Explain the role of each person listed below in regard to the Cherokee Removal
  6. John Ross- Cherokee Indian Chief that made several trips to Washington D.C. to ask Congress for help; wanted them to honor past treaties they made with the Cherokees
  7. John Marshall- Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled in favor of the Cherokees that the Cherokee territory was not subject to state law
  8. Andrew Jackson- President of the U.S. who refused to honor the Supreme Court order…supposedly said “John Marshall has rendered his decision now let him enforce it; thought state governments should be in charge of Indian territories and wanted them removed
  9. After gold was discovered on Cherokee land, did the Cherokees receive a portion of the profit? NO
  10. Why is the final removal of the Cherokees from their land referred to as the Trail of Tears? Give facts for support.

Forcibly moved thousands of Cherokees from their homes into stockades where hundreds died of cholera, dysentery, and fever; army loaded thousands onto boats and sent them via rivers to the Indian territory (modern day Okalahoma)…boats unsanitary, little food, nearly 1/3 died before arrived; rest 700-800 mile walk…took some up to 6 months to make trip…winter snow and winds and starvation led to death of thousands….total episode resulted in death of 4,000 Cherokees

War of 1812

  1. Why did the United States declare war on Great Britain in 1812? U.S. wanted to acquire Canada from Great Britain as well as land out west, U.S. believed the British were arming the Indians with guns in the Northwest Territory, and Britain was seizing American soldiers and forcing them to join the British Navy
  2. What national landmark was burned when the British attacked Washington. D.C.? The President’s House (today called the White House)…James Madison was the President at the time
  3. How was the Battle of Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Maryland an inspiration for Francis Scott Key? Watching the United States successfully defend themselves against a British land and sea attack during the War of 1812
  4. Why was their irony surrounding General Andrew Jackson’s great victory at the Battle of New Orleans?

A treaty ending the conflict had been signed by the Americans and British two weeks prior to this confrontation…of course the soldiers did not know this at the time…battle is considered a huge American victory and made Andrew Jackson a hero (later would become President)

  1. Did the United States acquire any land as a result of the War of 1812? No land
  2. What did the United States gain out of the War of 1812?

Showed U.S. willing to fight for her independence (gained respect), U.S. wanted to stay out of European problems, American economy improved with more industry during war, last time American and British forces on opposite sides of conflict; ended American hopes of acquiring Canada

U.S. Expansion

  1. Give some facts to support that the Louisiana Purchase was one of the best land deals of all times.

1803 President Thomas Jefferson bought the LA territory from France for $15 million; doubled the size of the U.S. at the time; extended the U.S. all the way to the Rocky Mountains

49. Why did the U.S. pay Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase? To expand the southern railroad to the Pacific coast

50. How much money did the U.S. give Spain for Florida? $5 million after the War of 1812

51. How much did the U.S. pay France (Napoleon) for the Louisiana Purchase? $15 million
52. The United States paid Mexico $15 million after the ______War for the Mexican Cession territory. Mexican-American