Review Sheet Physics
Review Sheet Physics Kinematics Test
The test is composed of 30 Multiple Choice Questions (30 points) and a set of problems to solve (35 points).
Chapter 2 (Introduction to Motion)
In this chapter, we learned how to mark notations for various quantities, such as
The instant of time at clock reading 3 seconds
The interval of time between clock reading 5 seconds to 8 seconds
The position of an object at clock reading 4 seconds
The change in position during the first 5 seconds
The instantaneous velocity at clock reading 3 seconds
The average velocity for the entire interval
The change in velocity between clock readings 2 seconds and 5 seconds
We learned to apply positive and negative to denote direction of displacement, velocity, position, and acceleration. Also the placement of the origin affects the some of these but not others.
We learned to distinguish between
Instant of time and Interval of time
(Define instant as an interval where the limit of t approaches zero.)
Average velocity vs Instantaneous velocity
Displacement vs Distance
Velocity vs Speed
We practiced making particle motion graphs, and applying Galileo’s Law of Odd Integers to simple, accelerated motion for about five seconds. We analyzed the info on these diagrams to determine instantaneous velocities, average velocities, accelerations, positions, displacements, etc
We defined accelerations as rate of change of velocity, and specified that velocity can change by changing speed AND/OR direction.
We learned simple equations based on definitions.
We identified situations where accelerations are present or not, and established ideas like
Acceleration and velocity may be in opposite directions.
Acceleration may be present when the velocity is zero (for an instant)
Acceleration may be present when speed is constant
(We also introduced vectors and scalars. Notes in Chapter 4)
Chapter 5 Sec 1 (Vectors and Scalars)
We distinguished between vectors and scalars. (define) We listed examples of vectors and scalars, including units. We learned the terms magnitude, component, and resultant.
We learned to express the compass direction of a vector with an angle and reference to a cardinal direction.
We learned to sketch vector diagrams so they may be analyzed graphically or with trig.
(Rules for making sketches)
We learned to add components to determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant
We learned to find the components of a given resultant.
Chapter 3 (Graphs of motion, and free-fall)
We learned the points of connection between position vs time, velocity vs time, acceleration vs time, and jerk vs time graphs.
We interpreted motion by analyzing different graphs. We used slopes (derivative), x and y values (interpolate), and the area under the curve, (integrate) to determine values.
On position time graphs for accelerated motion (Curved), we learned to determine the average velocity during an interval (slope of a chord) and the instantaneous velocity at a particular clock reading (slope of a tangent line).
We practiced sketching graphs when given the description of the motion. We described motion from analyzing a graph.
We practiced sketching a graph when given a matching graph of the same motion. (Given a position vs time graph, sketch a velocity vs time graph for the same motion.)
We learned several new equations, more complex than the simple forms in Ch 3. We applied these to both horizontal and vertical motion. We practiced showing work in a way that communicates the logic behind the solution.
We explored Galileo’s motion studies, the law of odd integers, how heavy and light objects compare when falling in a vacuum, repeating his inclined plane experiment, that the total distance traveled varies linearly with the square of time (for motion with constant acceleration)
We applied the motion equations to object in free-fall, using g as the acceleration for the object. (Motion both rising, and falling, but NOT projectile, yet.)
We introduce using the quadratic equation to determine position at a specific clock reading for both a ball in free-fall and a fan cart.
Problems Portion of the Test: 35 points
4 problems that are described by these comments:
Use average velocity to find values for a two-part trip (Suppose you wish to go on an 80 mile trip and want to average 40 miles/hour. Halfway there, you have only averaged 20 miles/hour. How fast must you go for the remainder of the trip to reach your goal?)
Problem with two objects in motion (Using simultaneous equations to determine position and time of passing.)
Ball toss/ Fan cart type of problem
Speed of sound in tube type problem.
Sample: A marksman fires a gun at a target 175 m away. If the muzzle velocity of the bullet is 700 m/s, and he hears the sound of the impact with the target 0.75 second later, what is the speed of sound?
Make two graphs (d vs t and v vs t) for one of the problems.
Bonus: translate a given graph into a matching graph for the same motion.
(Given graph of d vs t, sketch a graph of v vs t. Or, visa versa)