Rare Species of the Connecticut River Watershed

Rare Species of the Connecticut River Watershed

(from the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Final Action Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, October, 1995, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, MA)

Watershed rarity ranking summary.

Watershed rarity ranks for species of special emphasis

Key to Status Codes:

E:the species is listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.

T:the species is listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.

C:Candidate species are plants and animals for which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has sufficient information on their biological status and threats to propose them as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), but for which development of a proposed listing regulation is precluded by other higher priority listing activities.

MC:the species is of management concern to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service due to declining populations in the Northeast.

AF:an anadromous fish; it is the responsibility of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to conserve and protect these migratory species of fish.

W1:a rare species, with 20 or fewer known occurrences in the watershed states.

W2:a rare species, with 21 to 100 known occurrences in the watershed states.

W3:an uncommon species, usually with 100 to 400 occurrences in the watershed states.

W4:the species is common in one of the 4 watershed states, but rare or not present in the remaining states.

Scientific nameCommon nameStatus

Mammals

Lasiurus cinereusHoary batW3

Martes americanaMartenW1

Microtus chrotorrhinusRock voleW4

Myotis leibiiSmallfooted batWl

Sorex disparLongtailed shrewW2

Sorex hoyiPygmy shrewW4

Sylvilagus transitionalisNew England cottontailCW2

Synaptomys cooperiSouthern bog lemmingW4

Birds

Accipiter cooperiiCooper's hawkW3

Accipiter gentilisNorthern goshawkW2

Ammodramus caudacutusSharptailed sparrowW3

Ammodramus maritimusSeaside sparrowMCW3

Ammodramus savannarumGrasshopper sparrowW2

Anas creccaGreenwinged tealW3

Anas rubripesAmerican black duckMC

Anas streperaGadwallW2

Ardea herodiasGreat blue heronW3

Asio flammeus (wintering pop.)Shorteared owl (wintering pops)MC W1

Asio otusLongeared owlW4

Bartramia longicaudaUpland sandpiperMCW2

Botaurus lentiginosusAmerican bitternMCW3

Buteo lineatusRedshouldered hawkMC

Caprimulgus vociferusWhippoorwllW4

Casmerodius albus (breeding pop.)Great egretW4

Catharus minimus bickneliiGraycheeked thrushW2

Catoptrophorus semipalmatusWilletW2

Charadrius melodusPiping ploverTW1

Chordeiles minorCommon nighthawkW4

Circus cyaneusNorthern harrierMCW2

Cistothorus platensisSedge wrenMCW1

Contopus borealisOlivesided flycatcherMC

Dendragapus canadensisSpruce grouseW3

Dendroica ceruleaCerulean warblerW2

Dendroica tigrinaCape may warblerW3

Egretta caeruleaLittle blue heronW4

Egretta thulaSnowy egretW4

Egretta tricolorTricolored heronW4

Empidonax virescens (breeding pop.)Acadian flycatcherW4

Euphagus carolinusRusty blackbirdW3

Falco peregrinusPeregrine falconW1

Gallinula chloropusCommon moorhenW2

Gavia immerCommon loonMCW3

Haliaeetus leucocephalusAmerican bald eagleW1

Icteria virensYellowbreasted chatW4

Icterus spuriusOrchard orioleW3

Ixobrychus exilisLeast bitternMCW2

Laterallus jamaicensisBlack railW1

Melanerpes erythrocephalusRedheaded woodpeckerW4

Nyctanassa violaceaYellowcrowned nightheron W4

Nycticorax nycticoraxBlackcrowned nightheron W4

Pandion haliaetusOspreyW4

Perisoreus canadensisGray jayW3

Phalacrocorax auritus (breeding pop.)Doublecrested cormorantW3

Picoides arcticusBlackbacked woodpeckerW3

Picoides tridactylusThreetoed woodpeckerW1

Podilymbus podicepsPiedbilled grebeMCW2

Pooecetes gramineusVesper sparrowW4

Porzana carolinaSoraW4

Progne subisPurple martinW3

Rallus elegansKing railW1

Rallus limicolaVirginia railW3

Sterna antillarumLeast ternW1

Sterna hirundoCommon ternW2

Tyto albaBarn owlMCW2

Vermivora chrysopteraGoldenwinged warblerMCW2

Vermivora peregrinaTennessee warblerW3

Wilsonia pusilla (breeding pop.)Wilson's warblerW1

Reptiles

Agkistrodon contortrixCopperheadW3

Carphophis amoenusWorm snakeW4

Clemmys guttataSpotted turtleW4

Clemmys insculptaWood turtleW4

Crotalus h. horridusTimber rattlesnakeW1

Elaphe obsoletaRat snakeW4

Heterodon platirhinosEastern hognose snakeW4

Malaclemys terrapinNorthern diamondback terrapinW2

Terrapene carolinaEastern box turtleW4

Thamnophis sauritusEastern ribbon snakeW4

Amphibians

Ambystoma jeffersonianumJefferson salamanderW3

Ambystoma laterale (diploid pops.)Bluespotted salamanderW3

Ambystoma opacumMarbled salamanderW4

Scaphiopus h. HolbrookiEastern spadefoot toadW2

Fish

Acipenser brevirostrumShortnose sturgeonEW1

Acipenser oxyrhynchusAtlantic sturgeonAFWl

Alosa aestivalisBlueback herringAF

Alosa mediocrisHickory shadAF

Alosa pseudoharengusAlewifeAFW4

Alosa sapidissimaAmerican shadAFW4

Enneacanthus obesusBanded sunfishW2

Hybognathus regiusEastern silvery minnowW1

Lampetra appendixAmerican brook lampreyW1

Morone americanaWhite perchAF

Morone saxatilisStriped bassAFW2

Osmerus mordaxRainbow smeltAF

Petromyzon marinosSea lampreyAF

Phoxinus eosNorthern redbelly daceW4

Prosopium cylindraceumRound whitefishW1

Salmo salarAtlantic salmonAFW4

Invertebrates

Acronicta lanceolariaA noctuid mothW2

Aeshna mutataSpring blue darner dragonflyW1

Agrotis stigmosaA noctuid mothW4

Alasmidonta heterodonDwarf wedge musselEW1

Alasmidonta varicosaBrook floaterWl

Apharetra purpureaBlueberry sallowW1

Apodrepanulatrix liberariaNew jersey tea inchwormW2

Argyrostrotis quadrifilarisA lepidopteranW4

Bemidion quadratulumGround carabid beetleW2

Boyeria grafianaOcellated darnerW1

Catocala herodias gerhardtGerhard's underwing mothW1

Catocala pretiosaPrecious underwing mothW2

Catocala sp. 1Pine woods underwingW3

Chaetaglaea cerataA noctuid mothW1

Cicindela ancocisconensisBoulderbeach tiger beetleW1

Cicindela duodecimguttataA tiger beetleW4

Cicindela marginipennisCobblestone tiger beetleWl

Cicindela puritanaPuritan tiger beetleTW1

Desmocerus palliatusElderberry borer beetleW1

Elimia virginicaVirginia river snailW1

Epelis truncatariaA geometer mothW2

Eubranchipus intricatusIntricate fairy shrimpW1

Eucoptocnemis fimbriarisA noctuid mothW1

Eulimnadia agassiziiFaxon's clam shrimpWl

Exyra rolandianaPitcher plant mothW3

Ferrissia walkeriCloche ancylidW2

Fixsenia ontarioNorthern hairstreakW1

Glena cognatariaBlueberry grayW2

Gomphus borealisBeaverpond clubtailW3

Grammia speciosaBog tiger mothW2

Grammia williamsiiWilliam's tiger mothW4

Gyraulus circumstriatusAn aquatic snailW1

Hemaris gracilisSlender clearwingW1

Hemileuca maiaA buck mothW1

Hesperia leonardosLeonardus skipperW4

Hydraecia immanisHop vine borer mothW4

Incisalia henriciHenry's elfinW1

Incisalia irusFrosted elfinW2

Itame sp. 1Pine barrens itame W1

Lampsilis cariosaYellow tampmusselW1

Leptodea ochraceaTidewater mucketW1

Ligumia nasutaEastern pondmusselW3

Limnadia lenticularisAmerican clam shrimpWl

Lophopodella carteriA moss animal (bryozoa)W1

Lycaena epixantheBog copperW4

Margaritifera margaritiferaEastern pearl musselW2

Metarranthis apiciariaBarrens metarranthis mothW2

Mitoura hesseliHessel's hairstreakW3

Ophiogomphus carolusRiffle snaketailW4

Papaipema appassionataPitcher plant borer mothW2

Papaipema duovataGoldenrod stem borerW1

Polycelis remotaSunderland spring planarianW1

Polygonia gracilisHoary commaW1

Pomatiopsis lapidariaSlenderwalkerW1

Rhodoecia aurantiagoOrange swallow mothW2

Somatochlora elongataSlender bog skimmer dragonflyW4

Stagnicola catascopiumWoodland pondsnailW1

Williamsonia fletcheriEbony boghaunterW1

Williamsonia lintneriBanded boghaunterW1

Zale curemaA noctuid mothW2

Zale sp. 1Pine barrens zale W2

Zale submedianaA noctuid mothW2

Zanclognatha marthaPine barrens zanclognathaW1

Plants

Acer nigrumBlack mapleW3

Achillea millefolium var. borealisNorthern yarrowW1

Adlumia fungosaClimbing fumatoryW4

Agrimonia parvifloraSmallflowered agrimonyW2

Agrimonia pusescensSoft grooveburW4

Agrostis borealisNorthern bentgrassW2

Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricumSiberian chivesW2

Alopecurus aequalisShortawn foxtailW4

Aplectrum hyemalePuttyrootW1

Arabis lyrataLyreleaf rockcressW4

Arabis missouriensisMissouri rockcressW1

Arceuthobium pusillumDwarf mistletoeW4

Arctostaphylos alpinaAlpine manzanitaW1

Arenaria glabraMountain sandwortW3

Arenaria macrophyllaLargeleaved sandwortW2

Arenaria strictaRock sandwortW4

Arethusa bulbosaSwamp pinkW2

Arisaema dracontiumGreen dragonW3

Aristida longespica var. geniculataSpiked needlegrassW4

Aristida purpurascensPurple needlegrassW4

Aristolochia serpentariaVirginia snakerootW1

Artemisia campestris ssp. borealisBoreal wormwoodW2

Asclepias purpurascensPurple milkweedW4

Asclepias variegataWhite milkweedW1

Asclepias verticillataWhorled milkweedW4

Asplenium montanumMountain spleenwortW1

Asplenium rutamurariaWallrue spleenwortW4

Asplenium virideGreen spleenwortW1

Aster ciliolatusLindley's asterW1

Aster foliaceusLeafybracted asterW2

Aster infirmusCornelleaf asterW1

Aster prenanthoidesCrookedstern asterW2

Aster tradescantiiTradescant asterW4

Astragalus alpinus var. brunetianusAlpine milkvetchW1

Astragalus robbinsii var. minorBlake's milkvetchW1

Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupiiJesup's milkvetchEW1

Aureolaria pediculariaFeverweedW1

Bartonia virginicaYellow bartoniaW3

Betula minorDwarf white birchW1

Bidens eatoniiEaton beggarticksW1

Blephilia ciliataDowny woodmintW1

Blephilia hirsutaHairy woodmintW1

Braya humilisNew England rock cressW1

Calamagrostis canadensis var. robustaBluejoint reedgrassW3

Calamagrostis lacustrisPond reedgrassW2

Calamagrostis pickeringiiPickering's reed bentgrassW2

Calamagrostis stricta var. inexpansaNew England northern reedgrassW1

Calypso bulbosaFairy slipperW1

Calystegia spithamaeaLow bindweedW2

Cardamine pratensis var. palustrisCuckoo flowerW1

Cardamine x maximaLarge toothwortW4

Carex albursinaMinnesota sedgeW4

Carex arctaNorthern clustered sedgeW4

Carex baileyiBailey's sedgeW1

Carex bigelowiiBigelow sedgeW3

Carex bushiiBush's sedgeW1

Carex buxbaumiiBrown bog sedgeW3

Carex capillarisCapillary sedgeW1

Carex castaneaChestnutcolored sedgeW4

Carex cumulataClustered sedgeW4

Carex davisiiDavis sedgeW1

Carex diandraLesser panicled sedgeW4

Carex eburneaEbony sedgeW4

Carex exilisCoast sedgeW3

Carex flaccosperma var. glaucodeaFlaccid sedgeW4

Carex foeneaDryspike sedgeW4

Carex garberi var. bifariaGarber's sedgeW1

Carex grayiAsa gray sedgeW4

Carex hirsutellaSedgeW3

Carex hitchcockianaHitchcock's sedgeW3

Carex lenticularisShore sedgeW4

Carex lenticularis var. albimontanaLens sedgeW1

Carex mesochoreaMidland sedgeW1

Carex michauxianaMichaux sedgeW3

Carex oligospermaFewseeded sedgeW4

Carex scirpoideaBulrush sedgeW2

Carex trichocarpaHairy sedgeW2

Carex typhinaCattail sedgeW2

Carex vaginataSheathed sedgeW1

Carex viridulaLittle green sedgeW3

Carex viridula var. viridulaGreenish sedgeW3

Carex wiegandiiWiegand's sedgeW2

Castilleja coccineaScarlet indianpaintbrushW1

Castilleja septentrionalisLabrador indianpaintbrushW1

Cerastium nutansNodding chickweedW4

Chamaecyparis thyoidesAtlantic white cedarW4

Chenopodium boscianumBosc's pigweedW1

Chenopodium rubrumCoastblite goosefootW4

Claytonia virginicaNarrowleaved spring beautyW4

Corallorhiza odontorhizaAutumn coralrootW4

Corydalis aureaGolden corydalisW1

Corydalis flavulaYellow corydalisW1

Crassula aquaticaWater pygmyweedW2

Crotalaria sagittalisRattleboxW4

Cryptogramma stelleriFragile rockbrakeW3

Cynoglossum borealeNorthern wild comfreyW1

Cyperus houghtoniiHoughton's umbrellasedgeW2

Cypripedium arietinumRam'shead lady'sslipperW2

Cypripedium parviflorumSmall yellow lady'sslipperW4

Cypripedium pubescensLarge yellow lady'sslipperW4

Cypripedium reginaeShowy lady'sslipperW3

Deschampsia atropurpureaMountain hairgrassW1

Desmodium rotundifoliumProstrate ticktrefoilW4

Diapensia lapponicaLapland diapensiaW3

Dichanthelium scabriusculumPanic grassW1

Diplazium pycnocarponGlade fernW4

Dryopteris filixmasMale fernW1

Dryopteris fragransFragrant cliff woodfernW2

Dryopteris goldianaGoldie's woodfernW4

Echinodorus tenellus var. parvulusBurheadW1

Elatine americanaAmerican waterwortW4

Eleocharis equisetoidesHorsetail spikerushW1

Eleocharis obtusa var. ovataBlunt spikerushW4

Eleocharis pauciflora var. fernaldiiFewflowered spikerushW2

Elymus villosusHairy wildryeW2

Elymus wiegandiiWildryeW4

Empetrum atropurpureumPurple crowberryW1

Empetrum nigrumBlack crowberryW3

Equisetum palustreMarsh horsetailW2

Equisetum pratenseMeadow horsetailW4

Equisetum variegatumVariegated horsetailW4

Eragrostis capillarisLace lovegrassW4

Eragrostis frankiiFrank's lovegrassW3

Eragrostis hypnoidesMoss lovegrassW4

Erigeron hyssopifoliusHyssopleaved fleabaneW1

Eriocaulon parkeriParker's pipewortW1

Eupatorium aromaticumSmall white snakerootW1

Fuirena pumilaDwarf umbrellasedgeW4

Galearis spectabilisShowy orchisW4

Gaylussacia dumosa var. bigelovianaHuckleberryW2

Gentiana andrewsiiFringetop bottle gentianW4

Gentianella quinquefoliaStiff gentianW1

Geocaulon lividumNorthern comandraW1

Geranium carolinianum var. carolinianumCarolina cranesbillW4

Geum peckiiMountain avensW1

Gnaphalium sylvaticumWoodland cudweedW1

Hackelia deflexa var. americanaNodding stickseedW2

Halenia deflexaSpurred gentianW1

Hedyotis longifoliaLongleaf bluetW3

Hieracium umbellatumUmbelled hawkweedW1

Hierochloe alpinaAlpine sweet grassW2

Hippuris vulgarisCommon mare'stailW3

Hottonia inflataFeatherfoilW1

Hydrastis canadensisGolden sealW1

Hypericum pyramidatumGreat st. JohnswortW2

Isoetes eatoniiEaton's quillwortWl

Isoetes macrosporaLargespored quillwortW4

Isotria medeoloidesSmall whorled pogoniaTW1

Juglans cinereaButternutW2

Juncus militarisSoldier rushW4

Juncus trifidusHighland rushW4

Juniperus horizontalisCreeping juniperW1

Lachnanthes carolianaCarolina redrootW2

Leptoloma cognatumMountain hairgrassW4

Lespedeza repensCreeping bushcloverW1

Liatris borealisNorthern blazing starW2

Lilaeopsis chinensisEastern lilaeopsisW3

Limosella australisAulleaf mudwortW4

Lipocarpha micranthaDwarf bulrushW1

Listera auriculataAuricled twaybladeW1

Listera convallarioidesBroadleaved twaybladeW4

Listera cordataHeartleaved twaybladeW4

Littorella americanaAmerican shoregrassW1

Lobelia kalmiiKalm's lobeliaW4

Loiseleuria procumbensAlpine azaleaW2

Lonicera oblongifoliaSwamp flyhoneysuckleW1

Ludwigia polycarpaManyfruited falseloosestrife W2

Lupinus perennisSundial lupineW3

Lycopodium selagoMountain clubmossW4

Lygodium palmatumClimbing or Hartford fernW3

Malaxis brachypodaWhite adder'smouthW2

Malaxis unifoliaGreen adder'smouthW2

Megalodonta beckiiBeck's watermarigoldW4

Milium effusumWoodland milletW3

Mimulus alatusWinged monkeyflowerW1

Mimulus moschatusMuskflowerW4

Morus rubraRed mulberryW1

Muhlenbergia capillarisLongawn hairgrassW1

Muhlenbergia tenuifloraSlenderflowered muhlenbergiaW3

Myriophyllum alterniflorumAlternateflowered watermilfoil W3

Myriophyllum farwelliiFarwell's watermilfoilW2

Najas guadalupensisGuadalupe naiadW1

Nuphar luteum ssp. pumilumTiny cowlilyW4

Onosmodium virginianumVirginia falsegromwellW1

Ophioglossum pusillumAdder'stongue fernW4

Opuntia humifusaEastern prickly pearW2

Orontium aquaticumGolden clubW2

Osmorhiza chilensisMountain sweetcicelyW1

Oxalis violaceaViolet woodsorrelW1

Panax quinquefoliusAmerican ginsengW3

Panicum amarumPanic grassW1

Panicum gattingeriGattinger's panicgrassW3

Paronychia argyrocona var. albimontanaWhite mountain silverlingW2

Paspalum ciliatifolium Slender paspalumW4

Paspalum laeveField paspalumW1

Pedicularis lanceolataSwamp lousewortW1

Penstemon hirsutusHairy beardtongueW4

Petasites frigidus var. PalmatusSweet coltsfootW2

Phyllodoce caeruleaMountainheathW1

Physostegia virginianaLion'sheadW4

Pinguicula vulgarisCommon butterwortW1

Pinus banksianaJack pineW2

Platanthera blephariglottisWhitefringed orchidW4

Platanthera ciliarisYellowfringed orchisW1

Platanthera flava var. herbiolaPale green orchisW2

Platanthera hookeriHooker's orchisW4

Poa languidaDrooping bluegrassW1

Podostemum ceratophyllumThreadfootW3

Polygala nuttalliiNuttall milkwortW4

Polygonum setaceum var. interjectumStrigose knotweedW2

Populus heterophyllaSwamp cottonwoodW1

Potamogeton alpinusThinleaved alpine pondweedW4

Potamogeton confervoidesTuckerman's pondweedW2

Potamogeton filiformis var. alpinusNorthern slender pondweedW2

Potamogeton ogdeniiOgden's pondweedWl

Potamogeton vaseyiVasey's pondweedW2

Potentilla robbinsianaRobbin's cinquefoilEW1

Prenanthes serpentariaLion's footW1

Primula mistassinicaBird'seye primroseW1

Prunus americanaAmerican or wild plumW2

Psilocarya scirpoidesLongbeaked baldrushW3

Pyrola asarifolia var. purpureaBog wintergreenW2

Quercus coccineaScarlet oakW4

Quercus macrocarpaBur oakW4

Ranunculus micranthusTinyflowered crowfootW4

Ranunculus pennsylvanicusBristly crowfootW4

Ranunculus sceleratusCursed crowfootW4

Rhododendron maximumGreat laurelW3

Rhus aromaticaFragrant sumacW3

Rhynchospora capillaceaCapillary beakrushW1

Rhynchospora macrostachyaTall beakedrushW1

Rosa acicularisNorthern prickly roseW4

Rotala ramosiorToothcupW1

Rubus chamaemorusBaked apple berryW1

Rumex verticillatusSwamp dockW4

Sagittaria calycina var. spongiosaArrow HeadW2

Sagittaria cuneataWapatum arrowheadW4

Sagittaria subulataRiver arrowheadW1

Sagittaria teresSlender arrowheadW4

Salix argyrocarpaSilver willowW1

Salix cordata var. abrasaHeartshaped willowW1

Salix exiguaSandbar willowW3

Salix herbaceaDwarf willowW1

Salix pellitaSatin willowW2

Salix planifoliaTealeaved willowW2

Salix uvaursiBearberry willowW3

Sanicula trifoliataThreeleaved blacksnakeroot W4

Saururus cernuusLizard'stailW1

Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaeaLivelong saxifrageW1

Saxifraga oppositifoliaPurple mountain saxifrageW1

Scheuchzeria palustrisPodgrassW4

Scirpus ancistrochaetusNortheastern bulrushEW1

Scirpus cylindricusSaltmarsh bulrushW1

Scirpus pendulusPendulous bulrushW4

Scirpus polyphyllusManyleaved bulrushW4

Scirpus torreyiTorrey's bulrushW4

Scleria reticularisReticulate nutrushW4

Scleria triglomerataTall nutsedgeW1

Sedum roseaRoserootW1

Sisyrinchium mucronatumSlender blueeyed grassW4

Solidago cutleriCutter's goldenrodW2

Solidago macrophyllaLargeleaved goldenrodW4

Solidago ptarmicoidesPrairie goldenrodW3

Solidago purshiiPursh's goldenrodW4

Sorsus decoraNorthern mountainashW2

Sparganium fluctuansWater burreedW3

Spergularia canadensisCanada sandspurryW4

Sphenopholis nitidaShining wedgegrassW4

Sphenopholis pennsylvanicaSwamp oatsW4

Spiranthes lucidaShining lady'stressesW4

Spiranthes romanzoffianaHooded lady'stressesW4

Sporobolus cryptandrusSand dropseedW4

Sporobolus heterolepisNorthern dropseedW1

Sporobolus neglectusSmall dropseedW1

Stachys myssopifoliaHyssopleaf hedgenettleW1

Stachys tenuifoliaSmooth hedgenettleW4

Symphoricarpos albus var. albusSnowberryW4

Tofieldia glutinosaSticky false asphodelW1

Trichomanes intricatumA filmyfernW2

Trichostema brachiatumFalse pennyroyalW1

Triosteum aurantiacumCoffee tinker'sweedW2

Triphora trianthophoraThreebirds orchidW2

Trisetum spicatum var. molleSpiked falseoatsW4

Utricularia resupinataNortheastern bladderwortW3

Uvularia grandifloraLargeflowered bellwortW4

Vaccinium borealeAlpine blueberryW3

Vaccinium cespitosumDwarf bilberryW4

Vaccinium uliginosum s. pubescensBilberryW3

Vaccinium vitisidaea ssp. minusMountain cranberryW4

Valeriana uliginosaMarsh valerianW1

Verbena simplexNarrowleaved vervainW4

Veronicastrum virginicumCulver'srootW4

Viburnum eduleSquashberryW4

Viburnum rafinesquianumDowny arrowwoodW4

Viola nephrophyllaNorthern bog violetW4

Vitis novaeangliaeNew England grapeW4

Waldsteinia fragarioidesBarren strawberryW4

Woodsia glabellaSmooth woodsiaW1

Xyris montanaYelloweyed grassW4

Xyris smallianaSmall's yelloweyed grassW1

Zannichellia palustrisHorned pondweedW4

Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge______

Conserving the Nature of the Connecticut River Watershed