MATCHING. Choose the Item in Column 2 That Best Matches Each Item in Column 1
Biology 2121 - Practice Questions - Chapter 9
Name______
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
1)
A high percentage are found in marathon runners.
A)
Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
1)
______
2)
Abundant in muscles used to maintain posture.
B)
Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
2)
______
3)
Contain abundant amounts of glycogen.
3)
______
4)
Red fibers, the smallest of the fiber types.
4)
______
5)
Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases and depend upon anaerobic metabolism during contraction.
5)
______
6)
Depends on oxygen delivery and aerobic mechanisms.
6)
______
Match the following:
7)
The stimulus above which no stronger contraction can be elicited, because all motor units are firing in the muscle.
A)
Multiple motor unit summation
7)
______
B)
Wave summation
8)
The phenomenon in which the contraction strength of a muscle increases, due to increased enzyme efficiency during the warm-up.
C)
Treppe
8)
______
D)
Maximal stimulus
9)
Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation.
9)
______
E)
Tetanus
10)
The situation in which contractions become stronger due to a rapid stimulation rate. Partial relaxation occurs between contractions.
10)
______
11)
How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced.
11)
______
Match the following:
12)
A sarcomere is the distance between two ______.
A)
I band
12)
______
13)
The ______contains only the actin filaments.
B)
Z discs
13)
______
14)
The thicker filaments are the ______filaments.
A)
Myosin
14)
______
15)
Both actin and myosin are found in the ______.
B)
A band
15)
______
16)
The myosin filaments are located in the ______.
16)
______
Match the following:
17)
Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.
A)
Creatine phosphate
17)
______
B)
Calcium ions
18)
A neurotransmitter substance released at motor end plates by the axonal endings.
18)
______
C)
Acetylcholinesterase
19)
A metabolic pathway that provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used. Products are water and carbon dioxide and ATP.
D)
Aerobic respiration
19)
______
E)
Acetylcholine
20)
Normally stored in the terminal cisternae.
20)
______
21)
Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group. A reserve high-energy compound.
21)
______
22)
Destroys ACh.
22)
______
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
23)
Only ______muscle cells are multinucleated.
23)
______
24)
Claudication might more simply be called ______.
24)
______
25)
The end of the muscle that moves when a muscle contracts is called the ______.
25)
______
26)
In the synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction, ______is always present.
26)
______
27)
The time in which cross bridges are active is called the period of ______.
27)
______
28)
______(color) fibers are slow (oxidative) fibers.
28)
______
29)
Only ______muscle cells branch.
29)
______
30)
A smooth, sustained contraction is called ______.
30)
______
31)
Define muscle fatigue.
31)
______
32)
What is the relationship that occurs in the triad of a skeletal muscle cell?
32)
______
33)
What are caveoli?
33)
______
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
34)
Gary was injured in an automobile accident that severed the motor neurons innervating his quadriceps. Even though he has had extensive physical therapy, he is still suffering muscle atrophy. Why is the therapy not working?
35)
Aaron arrived at the hospital with the following symptoms: drooping eyelids; fatigue and weakness of his muscles; and difficulty talking, breathing, and swallowing. What was his diagnosis?
36)
After removal of an elbow cast, Lauren noticed her arm was immovable. What happened to her arm?
37)
A patient has no peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. Explain a possible complication of this condition.
1)
A
2)
A
3)
B
4)
A
5)
B
6)
A
7)
D
8)
C
9)
E
10)
B
11)
A
12)
B
13)
A
14)
A
15)
B
16)
B
17)
B
18)
E
19)
D
20)
B
21)
A
22)
C
23)
skeletal
24)
limping
25)
insertion
26)
acetylcholinesterase
27)
contraction
28)
Red
29)
cardiac
30)
tetanus
31)
Fatigue occurs when ATP production fails to keep pace with ATP use even though the muscle still receives stimuli.
32)
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a reservoir for calcium ions in the cell's normal resting state. The T tubule is a fold in the cell membrane between the sarcoplasmic reticuli. When an impulse is activated by a nerve, the polarity of the cell membrane reverses and repels the calcium ions that would otherwise be attracted to the the T tubule. The calcium ions are flushed out where they interact with the troponin complex to initiate a contraction. Once the axon stops firing, the membrane polarity is quickly restored and the calcium ions are pulled off the troponin and attracted back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
33)
Folds on the surface of smooth muscle cells that correspond to T tubules in skeletal muscle cells.
34)
In denervation atrophy, fibrous connective tissue replaces the muscle tissue that was lost. When atrophy is complete, fibrous tissue cannot be reversed to muscle tissue.
35)
Aaron probably has myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disease), which involves a shortage of ACh receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
36)
Two things have occurred to Lauren while she was convalescing from her injury. First, the immobilization of the arm caused some muscle mass to atrophy. Second, the loss of muscle was replaced with tough connective tissue that locked her arm in place. With therapy the tissue can be stretched or torn enough to return the full range of motion.
37)
Peristalsis is wavelike movement produced by the circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of the intestinal walls that propels the intestinal contents forward. Without peristalsis, the patient would be unable to expel their stool, leading to intestinal obstruction.