Georgia and the Progressive Movement (CLOZE Notes)

Georgia and the Progressive Movement (CLOZE Notes)

The Progressive Movement

1)Definition – a group of people who believes that humans could keep improving society to make it better and better

2)Three main ways to reform society

A)Progressives wanted government to fight ______and improve the living conditions of its citizens

B)Progressives wanted government to break up ______and regulate business

C)Progressives wanted voters to have more influence in government

3) Most famous were ______(investigative journalists)

4) Progressive reforms - prison reform, juvenile court system, labor reform, child labor laws, temperance movement, woman’s suffrage, government reform, civil rights

Civil Rights

1)Rise of white supremacy and the acceptance of racial segregation by both the whites and African Americans

2)Jim Crow Laws were established to allow the ______principle Plessy v. Ferguson decision by the U.S. Supreme Court validated the principle of “separate but equal” facilities

3)Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education decision by the U.S. Supreme Court further validated segregation by stating that African Americans had the right to an education up to 8th grade, closing the High School did not violate the 14th Amendment, and it was a state issue and not a federal one

4)Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John Hope

5)______- Loss of voting rights – grandfather clause 1867), poll tax, literacy test

6)Race Riots in Atlanta 1906 – false reports surfaced of black assaults, whites and blacks gathered on Decatur Street, violence erupted, 18 blacks and 3 whites were killed after the 2 day riot

7)Plessy v. Fergusen – Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white and 1/8 black, refused to move from the “whites only” rail car and was arrested. The US Supreme Court ruled in favor of segregation. The case resulted in further segregation between the blacks and whites, especially in the South.

8)Racial Violence

1)Between 1884 and 1918, over 2,500 reported ______or burnings at the stake

2)Increased violence against African-Americans especially after the Leo Frank case

3)Resurgence of KKK increased violence against African-Americans

Reform Tradition in America

1)From Revolution to Civil War

A)American Revolution – colonists protested loud and often against various attempts by British government to tax them without consent of their colonial assemblies

B)Age of Jackson – voting rights, ______(all capable of public service), chosen by nation conventions, helped disadvantaged, education reform

C)Abolitionists and Civil War – William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman

2) Reforms after the Civil War

A) Citizenship and Voting rights for African Americans (13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments)

B) Women’s Suffrage – Wyoming first territory or state to allow women to vote (1869); Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

C) Temperance Movement – Francis Willard and Carrie Nation

D) Civil Service Reform – before 1880’s person chosen by politic connections; ______Act (1883) created civil service system

E) Populists – government ownership of railroads; graduated income tax; more power to the voters

Booker T. Washington

•President of ______in Alabama

•He believed that for African-Americans, economic independence was the only road to social and political equality

•Also believed that it would take time to achieve economic independence for whites to accept as equals

•______speech – African-Americans must work hard to achieve equality

•Up From Slavery

W.E.B Dubois

•Disagreed with Booker T. Washington

•Believed African-Americans should gain equality now, not later

•Social and political integration, the “Talented Tenth” for education to become leaders

•The Souls of Black Folk

•Founding member of the ______

•Editor for The Crisis magazine (NAACP)

John and Lugenia Burns Hope

•Graduated from Brown University

•Joined the faculty of ______College

•Became 1st African-America President of Morehouse College in 1906

•Became President of Atlanta University in 1929

•Founding member of the NAACP in 1909

•Work with the ______

•Lugenia Burns Hope was also a great civic leader

•Neighborhood Union – provided financial aid to needy families

Alonzo Herndon

•Born a slave in 1858

•Learned to be a barber, moved to Atlanta and opened 3 barber shops

•1905 bought a small insurance company for $140 and named the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company

•Now called the ______, one of the largest African-American owned businesses in the US