Features of Symbolical Value of a Stage Make-Up in the Countries of the Western Europe

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CONTENTS

Introduction...... 3

Chapter I. The Review on Basic Stage Make-up Characteristics……………………….4

1.1. The Stage Make-up History………………………………………………………...4

1.2. The Stage Make-up Classification………………………………………………..4

1.3. The Stage Make-up in Eastern Europe, Chine, Japan, India and Russia..……..5

1.4. The General Characteristics of Stage Make-up in Japan, China, India, Russia and Western Europe……………………………………………………………………….…5

Conclusions on Chapter I...... 9

Chapter II.Make – up and It’s Symbolical Meaning…………………………...... 10

2.1.The results of Estimation of the Poll on the topic…………………………………10

2.2.The Comparative Analysis of Stage Make-up Peculiarities in Japan, India, China, Europe and Russia…………………………………………………………………...10

2.3. The Creation of Personal Image According to Symbolic Meaning of Stage Make – up in Different Countries……………………………………………………………….11

Conclusions on Chapter II...... 12

Confinement...... 13

Literature...... 14

Applications

Introduction

Stage makeup is the key component to a successful performance. Theatre is the earliest form of entertainment, dating back to the Greeks in B.C. Even with strong competition from new technology and similar styles of amusement, such as television and film, theatre has remained popular. As the times have changed, so have the stage and the costumes. The experience of a live audience and live performers is what creates the exciting element that drives us to experience this pleasure. The stage makeup is a major piece of the puzzle in ensuring the unique experience theatre provides that is why we consider the topic of our project to be of great importance today.

The aim of our research is to prove thatstage make-up peculiarities in Japan, India, and China include more symbols and therefore have a special symbolical meaning than make up of Europe and Russia.

According to the aim, we put forward the following problems of research:

1. To study the stage make-up history;
2. To analyze the stage make-up classification;
3. To study the stage make-up peculiarities in Eastern Europe, Chine, Japan, India and Russia;
4. To detect the general characteristics of stage Make-up in Japan, China, India, Russia and Western Europe;
5. To estimate the results of the poll on the topic;
6. To make the comparative analysis of stage make-up peculiarities in Japan, India, China, Europe and Russia;
7. To create apersonal image according to symbolic meaning of stage make – up in different countries.

The results of the project can be used in the spheres of drama activities and drama games in schools, art schools and by those who join art groups, dance groups or drama groups. The materials of the project are also a good addition to the lessons including history of different cultures, countries, history of art.

Chapter І. The Review on Basic Stage Make-up Characteristics.

1.1.The Stage Make-up History.

Many tribes in an antiquity had a custom to paint the person’s face and body before holidays, religious, practices, military campaigns.

Stage make-up – the art of changing appearance of the actor by means of special paints, gluing of moustaches, beards, wigs, eyelashes, whiskers and other products.(Siromiatnicova I. S., 2005).

Stage make-up – Coloured substances that are put on your face to improve or change your appearance. (

Stage make-up – apply cosmetics(Longman).

Already primitive person has found out, that natural and mineral paints are very harmful for skin. Then they began to mix them with oil and animals fats. It already was really make-up, which was kept up to our days.

Priests were experts on cosmetics. They could produce paints and other cosmetic means. Women of Ancient Egypt were skillfully painted, produced pains, powders, blush, and whitewash.

The cosmetics of the past strongly differed from cosmetics modern. Now cosmetics subdivide on decorative, medical and hygienic.

1.2. The Stage Make-up Classification.

There are some versions of stage make-up: age, national, characteristic, portrait, remedial, circus, grotesque, basten. In one Stage make-up can be combined some kind at once.

1. Age make-up – The art image of age of the actor by means of a make-up, labels, moustaches, beards, wigs.

2. National make-up – It is a make-up of different nationalities, races. It is carried out by means of special paints, wigs, labels.

3. Characteristic make-up – It is applied by the actor playing a characteristic role.

4. The fantastic (fantasy) make-up–reminds national toys under the scheme.

5. The portrait make-up – represents a make-up of the concrete historical person.

6. Circus make-up – reminds national toys under the scheme.

7.Grotesque –reminds national toys under the scheme.

8. Bastes – reminds national toys under the scheme.

1.3. The Stage Make-up in Eastern Europe, Chine, Japan, India and Russia.

To our days only ritual masks of different tribe’s mask of dance were kept.

The history of a stage make-up is a history of a stage. On change of make-up, it is possible to track evolution cultures. So one of the unusual stage make-ups was applied at theatre “Kabuki”, arises in Japan in XVІ century and existing till now.

The ancient China cosmetics for face, used long ago and excessively. Women so densely imposed white wash, blush on the face, that it lost the expression, and looked like a doll face. However, in it from their point of view it is very beautiful.

In India, China, Japan and others countries at the beginning of making there was a number of similar representations about world around, and about a man.

Than the Sky, the Earth and a man were, perceived as a unit where laws of Space dictated the conditions which aspired to comprehend and to which the person followed. Following these laws, the theatrical art was formed also. Take immense to show all unity, all completeness of the world- a problem not from lungs. It demanded special system of expressive means in which basis the principle symbol laid. Scenic gesture, music, stage make-up and a décor were symbolical (

1.4. TheGeneral Characteristics of Stage Make-up in Japan, China, India, Russia and Western Europe.

1.4.1 The General Characteristics of Stage Make-up in Japan, China, India.

a)Masks.

In the countries of Japan. China and India an ancestor of a scenic mask was mask for rituals and ceremonies. They are produced from leather, plaster, wood and undersign vegetative paints. The great value in stage make-up was played with beards of the exaggerated sizes. They were done of fibres of hemp, corn stalks of fig.

b) Symbolic of color.

Gold and silver – It was used for a stage make-up of the actor represented gods and spirits.

Red – In China means fidelity, honestyand incorruptibility. In ancient Japan it means love. In India red stage make-up means the representative of the maximum caste.

White – emptiness but not the space, deprived matters, it means a psychological condition, that’s sincere emptiness –– absence of passions, emotions, perceptions and even perception of own “I”, cleanliness and serenity. In China white means water, fog, clouds, a sing of West, autumn, metal, change, ferocity, meanness, insidiousness. In Japan white symbolizes a cold separation, sufferings of one-way love.

Black – In China and Japanit meansinflexibility, roughnesssecret, magic, grief and the female beginning. In India black means as white, so bright color which can’t be apprehended by the person, darkness.

Green – In China it meansindefatigability,spring, a tree, “the Green Dragon”. In India it is color of happiness.

Yellow – In China it meansEndowments, talent, experience, ground, actors play women role, painted face yellow paint, talent. In Indiayellow associated with gold and all monks needed to wear yellow clothes.

Dark blue – In Chine and Japan it means, arrogance, despotism, cruelty death, alienation of the person from society and from himself. In Indiamake-up of servants.

Violet – In Japan was the symbol of love passion In China it means directness, attentiveness.

Pink – In China means validity. In India itmeans eremites and wise men.

Orange – In India it means gods and heavenly maidens.

Gray – In China means weakness.

c)Symbolic lines in Stage Make-up.

Japan: Red lines designate kindness, validity, force of feelings. Dark blue lines designate fear, uncertainty. Scarlet and black - charms of sorcery, a divine origin.

China:Symmetric lines in figures designated the positive heroes, dissymmetric – negative.

India:At negative heroes on a tip of a nose and on a forehead did white circles which under the form reminded a mushroom. Above eyebrows dark blue and red lines were drawn.

1.4.2. The General Characteristics of Stage Make-up in Russia and Western Europe.

a)Masks

The person often hid under masks and to floor-masks. In Renaissance of a mask were similar to the natural person. Sometimes actors used to a floor-mask or noses with glasses. For fast change of mood actors used double masks.

They were made from: fabrics, leather, and a wood.

b)Symbolic of color.

White – InEurope white meant death, a faint, silence, loneliness, hatred, cruelty. But presently white color is accepted as a symbol of a deity in all world religions.

Yellow – In early European middle Ages yellow, color is perceived completely as a symbol of solar color and gold. In Renaissance, in Europe yellow color became a symbol of mistrust, suspicion in disbelief.

Dark Blue – In Europe dark blue – color of incorrectness, a deceit. “A dark blue raincoat” calls the adulteress in Netherlands.

Red – In ancient Russia it means marriage.

Green – In ancient Russia green means: malicious, artful, green melancholy, a potion, usually poison.

с)The symbolic of lines instage make-up is absent.

Studying history of theatre, I have noted, that art of stage make-up in China, Japan and India sharply differed from European and have proved, that the stage make-up of the countries of the East has special symbolical value.

Conclusions on Chapter І.

We considered that the most appropriate definition of stage make-up is – the art of changing appearance of the actor by means of special paints, gluing of moustaches, beards, wigs, eyelashes, whiskers and other products.(Siromiatnicova I. S., 2005).

The stage make – up classification includes age make – up, national make – up, characteristic make – up, fantastic (fantasy) make – up, portrait make – up, circus make – up, grotesque, bastes.

According to classifications we detected that make – up in Japan, China, India is symbolized by using of masks, colours and lines. In Russia and Western Europe using in make – up the symbolic of lines is absent.

Chapter II. Make – up and It’s Symbolical Meaning.

2.1 The results of Estimation of the Poll on the topic.

Due to the fact that many young people join the theatrical groups or dance groups, or simply are interested in art in general, we consider the point of view of young generation on the idea of studying peculiarities of Stage Make-up to be very important because they are we, who will help national culture and theatre in its future development and prosperity. First, we made a list of questions, which was offered, to the Students and teachers of gymnasium №1 (Sochi) and of the ArtCollege (Sochi). It includes 6 questions on the topic (Application 1).

90 pupils and students of 11-19 and 10 teachers took part in the poll. After the poll was over it was estimated that all the pupils and teachers know what make-up is and more than a half students (60%) know that there are several forms of one. All the pupils (90%) think that make-up and hairstyling help actors to create an image and want to know how the stage make-up is used in Japan, China, India, what colours are used and what do they symbolize, what proves that the young generation of our town pay much attention to the significance of art and theatrical forms of art including stage make-up especially.

It was also estimated that 67% of those who took part in the poll don’t know how the Stage Make-up in Japan, China, India differs from the European one; 60% don’t know how it differs from the Russian one, what makes us consider this problem as the important one, because young people, dealing with Art and theatre need more information to be able to create thescenery image properly image properly. 100% support the idea of studying the general characteristics of stage make-up in Japan, China, India, Western Europe, Russia, their differences and peculiarities more carefully and according to all the results we’ve had the idea of our research is finally developed (Application 2).

2.2. The Comparative Analysis of Stage Make-up Peculiarities in Japan, India, China, Europe and Russia.

According to the theoretical approaches we have studied in Chapter Ι the general characteristics of Stage make-up in India, Japan, and China are masks symbolic of colour, symbolic lines. The General Characteristics of Stage make-up in Russia and Eastern Europe are masks and symbolic of Colour. The Symbolic of lines in Stage make-up is absent.

According to our investigation the stage Make-up in Japan, China and India has got a special symbolical meaning, because it includes all the general characteristics of Stage Make-up Symbolical Meaning.

In countries of Europethe symbolic meaning of colour and the symbolic meaning of lines are absent. In Russia the symbolic meaning of lines is absent.

2.3. The Creation of Personal Image According to Symbolic Meaning of Stage Make – up in Different Countries.

As we have studied all the differences and peculiarities of Stage Make-up in Japan, China, India, Europe and Russia and defined the countries where the stage make-up has a special symbolical meaning, we decided to design our own examples of each make-up form to show how it works. The results are presented in Application 3.

Conclusions on Chapter II.

According to the results of estimation of the poll on the topic we detected that

60% know that there are several forms of stage make - up.

90% think that make-up and hairstyling help actors to create an image and want to know how the stage make-up is used in Japan, China, India, what colours are used and what do they symbolize, what proves that the young generation of our town pay much attention to the significance of art and theatrical forms of art including stage make-up especially.

67% of those who took part in the poll don’t know how the Stage Make-up in Japan, China, India differs from the European one;

60% don’t know how it differs from the Russian one, what makes us consider this problem as the important one, because young people, dealing with Art and theatre need more information to be able to create the scenery image properly image properly.

100% support the idea of studying the general characteristics of stage make-up in Japan, China, India, Western Europe, Russia, their differences and peculiarities more carefully.

The comparative analysis of stage make – up in Japan, India, China, Europe and Russia determined that:

in Japan, China and India the symbolic meaning of stage make – up includes using of masks, colours and lines;

in Europe the symbolic meaning includes only masks and in Russia masks and colours only.

It proves that in Japan, China and India stage make – up has got a special symbolic meaning.

To show the differences of make up being studied, several personal images were created (Application 3).

Confinement.

Stage make – up art has a long developing history.Being born in ancient centuries as a magic and religious body art, it was changing dramatically depending on the development of culture in society. With the appearance of theatre the make – up art transferred from the body – art into the theatrical mask.

The actor himself and the colours being used influenced developing of make - up. But at first the determination factor of make – up development was the national, ethnic tradition of religious cults and customs.

The aim of my investigation was to prove that in difference with European and Russian stage make – up, the one of Japan, China and India has got a specialsymbolical meaning.

To achieve the aim I studied the literature on the topic, got the information, studied the symbolical meaning of make – up and systematized the general characteristics in the countries of Japan, China, India, found out the differences of the European and Russian stage make – up, made the comparative analysis.

As the result I could detect that stage make – up of Japan, China and India in difference with European and Russian one has got a special symbolical meaning. Obtained knowledge was used in practice and personal images as the examples of different make – up art were designed.

Literature

1. Журнал «Вокруг света» изд. Москва 2002г. №3
2. Журнал «Вокруг света» Изд. Москва 2004гг. №7
3. Индийские танцы. Москва: «Просвещение», 1982.
4. Кудрявцева М., Балашова Т. История грима. Москва: «Просвещение», 2005.
5. Ленский А. П., Заметки о мимике и гриме, в его кн.: Статьи. Письма. Записки, 2 изд., М., 1950;
6. Лившиц П. Б., Сценический грим, Л. - М., 1939: Раугул Р. Д., Грим, 2 изд., Л. - М., 1947.
7. Станиславский К. С., Моя жизнь в искусстве, Собр. соч., т. 1, М., 1954, с. 113-25;
8. Сыромятникова И. Искусство грима и макияжа. РИПОЛ классик. Москва, 2005.
9. Шевченко О., Саморезова И. грим. Москва: «Просвещение», 2007.
10. Энциклопедический словарь юного зрителя. Москва: «Педагогика», 1989.

Application 1.

Do you know what stage make-up is?

______

Do you think stage make-up and hairstyling help actors to create an image?

______

Do you know that there are several forms of stage make-up?

______

Do you know how the stage make-up in Japan, China and India differs from the European one?

______

Do you know how the Stage Make-up in Japan, China and India differs from the Russian one?

______

Many of you study in dance groups or theatrical groups. You have to deal with creating of special image with Stage make-up, don’t you?

______

Would you like to know how the stage make-up is used in Japan, China, India, what colours are used and what do they symbolize?

______

Thanks for your attention.

Application 2.

The Results of Estimation of the Poll on the Topic

«The symbolic of stage make-up in

Eastern Europe, Chine, Japan, India and Russia »