Chapter 5 - Compounds are Classified in Different Ways
Sec 5.3 – Organic Compounds
Pg 244
100 years ago chemists knew that organisms made chemicals. They called these chemicals organic chemicals from the word organism.
Today there are MILLIONS of organic compounds and they all have 1 thing in common. They contain CARBON.
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals that contain carbon. Carbon is #6 on the periodic table. It contains 6 electrons and 4 of those in the outer shell. So it can create 4 different covalent bonds. Usually with N, O, F or S. Carbon can also bond with itself to for LONG chains of C atoms. C-C-C-C-…etc. It can also form rings, chains, balls, cages
Graphite
Diamond
Carbon 60
http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=217#
Buckminsterfullene
Its discovery and proposed application won a Nobel Prize in 1985, awarded to Prof. Lawrence Scott and his team of twelve scientists.
Carbon 60 is known as Buckminsterfullerene, named after Mr. Buckminsterfuller, whose work we have already discussed, primarily regarding the geodesic sphere. This molecular structure has been deemed the "Bucky Ball."
The Tungsten Carbide (Bh) Structure
http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/struk.jmol/bh.html
Carbon Fibers
This is an image of treated carbon fibers, ready for use in many applications in the industrial world. The fibers shown here have been treated to remove residual irregular structures and show the clear remaining fibers
Recognizing organic compounds
CH4 - methane
C3H8 - ethanol
K2CrO4 - no carbon, not organic
C8H10N4O2 - caffeine
Hydrocarbons
A compounds that ONLY CONTAINS HYDROGEN and CARBON.
Examples, pg 247, Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane
CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3
Alcohols
A compound that conains C, H and O.
Examples, Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol etc
CH3OH, CH3CH2OH CH3 CH2 CH2OH
Most of the alcohols are solvents. A liquid chemical that can dissolve other substacnes.
Pg 251 # 1-11