Survey on Theintention to Use Smartphones Among Students: a TAM-IDT Perspective

Survey on theIntention to Use Smartphones Among Students: A TAM-IDT Perspective

Smartphonessuch as Apple’siPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy and HTC have gained much popularity over the last few years. Basically, smartphones have more advanced computing ability and connectivity than contemporary mobile phones. They are typically equipped withportable media players, cameras, high-resolution touchscreens, web browsers,GPS navigation, Wi-Fi and mobile broadband access (3G). Given its tremendous popularity, this survey intends to examine university students’ intention to use smartphones.

Instructions: Please read each question carefully and respond to all questions to the best of your ability by placing a check () for each question.

Item no. / Description of items / 1-Strongly Disagree (SD) / 2- Disagree (D) / 3- Neutral (N) / 4-Agree (A) / 5- Strongly Agree (SA)
USE1 / Using the smartphone would enable me to accomplish tasks more quickly. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
USE2 / Using the smartphone would improve my study performance. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
USE3 / Using the smartphone would increase my productivity. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
USE4 / Using the smartphone would enhance my effectiveness in my studies. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
USE5 / Using the smartphone would make it easier for my studies. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
USE6 / I would find the smartphone useful in my studies. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
EOU1 / Learning to operate the smartphone would me easy for me. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
EOU2 / I would find it easy to get the smartphone to do what I want it to do. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
EOU3 / My interaction with the smartphone would be clear and understandable. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
EOU4 / I would find the smartphone to be flexible to interact with. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
EOU5 / It would be easy for me to become skillful at using the smartphone. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
EOU6 / I would find the smartphone easy to use. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
Item no. / Description of items / 1-Strongly Disagree (SD) / 2- Disagree (D) / 3- Neutral (N) / 4-Agree (A) / 5- Strongly Agree (SA)
I could complete a task using the smartphone …
SEF1 / … if there was no one around to tell me what to do as I go. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF2 / … if I had never used a smartphone like it before. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF3 / … if I had only the smartphone manuals for reference. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF4 / … if I had seen someone else using it before trying it myself. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF5 / … if I could ask someone for help if I got stuck. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF6 / … if someone else had helped me get started. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF7 / … if I had a lot of time to complete the task for which the smartphone was provided. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF8 / … if I had just the built-in help facility for assistance. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF9 / … if someone showed me how to do it first. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
SEF10 / … if I had used similar smartphones before this one to do the same task. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
TRI1 / Before deciding on whether or not to adopt the smartphone, I would need to use it on a trial basis. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
TRI2 / Before deciding on whether or not to adopt the smartphone, I would need to properly try it out. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
TRI3 / I would be allowed to use the smartphone on a trial basis long enough to see what it can do. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
TRI4 / I know where I can go to satisfactorily to try out various uses of the smartphone. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
OBS1 / It is easy for me to observe others using the smartphone in my university. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
OBS2 / I have had a lot of opportunity to see the smartphone being used. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
COM1 / Using the smartphone will be compatible with all aspects of my studies. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
COM2 / Using the smartphone will fit into my study style. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
COM3 / I think that using the smartphone will fit well with the way I like to study. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
Item no. / Description of items / 1-Strongly Disagree (SD) / 2- Disagree (D) / 3- Neutral (N) / 4-Agree (A) / 5- Strongly Agree (SA)
ATT1 / Using the smartphone would be a good idea. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
ATT2 / Using the smartphone is would be a pleasant experience. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
ATT3 / Using the smartphone would be beneficial for me. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
ATT4 / I would like using the smartphone. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
INT1 / Assuming I have the smartphone, I intend to use it. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
INT2 / Whenever possible, I intend to use the smartphone. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
INT3 / To the extent possible, I would use the smartphone to do different things. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
INT4 / I intend to increase my use of the smartphone in the future. / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5

PERSONAL PROFILE

What is your age? ______years old

What is your gender?____1.Male____2. Female

What is your race/ethnicity?

____1. Malay

____2. Chinese

____3. Indian

____4. Others ______(please specify)

What is your nationality?

____1. Malaysian

____2. Others ______(please specify)

What is your year of study?

____1. First year

____2. Second year

____3. Third year

____4. Fourth year and above

What programme are you registered for?

____1. Bachelor’s degree (undergraduate)

____2. Masters

____3. PhD

What is the status of your candidacy?

____1. Part time

____2. Full time

Which school/faculty are you from? ______

Do you live in or outside campus?

____1. In campus

____2. Outside campus

What is your current CGPA level? ______

INTERNET EXPERIENCE

How long (in years or months if less than 1 year) have you been using the internet? ______

Do you have internet access at home? ____1. Yes ____2. No

Where do you primarily access internet from?

____1. Home

____2. Place of employment

____3. School/academic institution

____4. Cybercafe

____5. Others (please specify) ______

Which web browser do you usually use?

____1. Internet explorer

____2. Mozilla Firefox

____3. Others (please specify) ______

____4. More than one browser

15. On an average day, how much time do you spend on the internet?

____1. Almost never

____2. Less than 0.5 hours

____3. From 0.5 hours to 1 hour

____4. 1-2 hours

____5. 2-3 hours

____6. More than 3 hours

16. On average, how often do you use internet?

____1. Less than once a month

____2. Once a month

____3. A few times a month

____4. A few times a week

____5. About once a day

____6. Several times a day

END OF SURVEY

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR KIND COOPERATION

INTENTION TO USE SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS: A TAM-IDT PERSPECTIVE

Research Framework

Theory:Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989) and Innovation-Diffusion Theory (IDT) (Rogers, 1995; Moore & Benbasat, 1991)

Description of constructs used in the questionnaire

Item no. / Variable name / Source / No. of Items
USE1, USE2, USE3, USE4, USE5, USE6 / Perceived Usefulness / Park & Chen (2007) / 6
EOU1, EOU2, EOU3, EOU4, EOU5, EOU6 / Perceived Ease of Use / Park & Chen (2007) / 6
COM1, COM2, COM3 / Compatibility / Park & Chen (2007) / 3
OBS1, OBS2 / Observability / Park & Chen (2007) / 2
TRI1, TRI2, TRI3, TRI4 / Trialability / Park & Chen (2007) / 4
SEF1, SEF2, SEF3, SEF4, SEF5, SEF6, SEF7, SEF8, SEF9, SEF10 / Self-Efficacy / Park & Chen (2007) / 10
ATT1, ATT2, ATT3, ATT4 / Attitude towards Using Smartphones / Park & Chen (2007) / 4
INT1, INT2, INT3, INT4 / Intention to Use Smartphones / Park & Chen (2007) / 4

References

Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, No.3, pp. 319-339.

Moore, G.C. & Benbasat, I. (1991). Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 192-222.

Park, Y. & Chen, J.V. (2007). Acceptance and adoption of the innovative use of smartphone. Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 1349-1365.

Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press.