Supplementary material: Tables S1, S2 and S3

Table S1.Sampling localities: plot and subplot ID, geographic coordinates and brief descriptions of the localities is reported. Plot numbers correspond to those shown in Fig. 1a.

Table S2. Summary statistic of number of thalli, number of infected thalli, number of symptomatic lichenicolous fungal species, number of lichen species recovered in the 10 plots (30 subplots; plot IDs: 1-10; subplot IDs: .1, .2, .3) on the Koralpe Massif. The taxa which are here considered as strains are reported in the table and along text and figures as abbreviated in parentheses: Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Calvitimela armeniaca (M. pygmaea - Ca), Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Immersaria arthroocarpa (M. pygmaea - Ia), Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Lecanora intricata (M. pygmaea - Li), Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Lecanora polytropa (M. pygmaea - Lp), Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Protoparmelia badia (M. pygmaea - Pb), Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Rhizocarpon geographicum (M. pygmaea - Rg), Muellerella pygmaea - strain on Schaereriafuscocinerea (M. pygmaea - Sf), Endococcus propinquus - strain on Aspicilia caesiocinerea (E. propinquus - Ac), Endococcus propinquus - strain on Rhizocarpon geographicum (E. propinquus - Rg), Carbonea aggregantula - strain on Candelariella vitellina (C. aggregantula - Cv). Species labelled by an asterisk are those reported as new for the study area.

Table S3. GenBank accession numbers for the sequenced SSCP bands marked in Fig. 7. The names of the lichens infected by the lichenicolous fungal species are reported in the first column (lichen, lichenicolous fungus).

Table S1.

Plot.Subplot ID / Latitude / Longitude / Description of the site
1.1 / 46°50''20''N / 15°02'35''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, about 13 km WNW from Deutschlandsberg, Glashüttenkogel NW from Glashütten, on the mountain dome, about 1760 m, silicate blocks.
1.2 / 46°50'14''N / 15°02'41''E / Glashüttenkogel NW from Glashütten, shortly below the mountain dome, about 1730 m, silicate blocks.
1.3 / 46°50'12''N / 15°03'00''E / Glashüttenkogel NW from Glashütten, southeast-slope, about 1700 m, silicate blocks.
2.1 / 46°50'38''N / 15°01'10''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, about 15 km WNW from Deutschlandsberg, Handalm N above the Weinebene, lowermost blocks of a south-slope, about 1800 m, silicate blocks.
2.2 / 46°50'38''N / 15°01'10''E / about 15 km WNW from Deutschlandsberg, Handalm N above the Weinebene, south-slope with single blocks, shortly above the lowermost blocks, about 1800 m, silicate blocks.
2.3 / 46°50'38''N / 15°01'10''E / about 15 km WNW from Deutschlandsberg, Handalm N above the Weinebene, about 1800 m, shaded silicate blocks.
3.1 / 46°49'22''N / 14°59'29''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, Moschkogel SSW from the Weinebene, in peak area, about 1910 m, silicate blocks.
3.2 / 46°49'21''N / 14°59'30''E / Moschkogel SSW from the Weinebene, southeast-slope shortly below the peak, about 1900 m, silicate blocks.
3.3 / 46°49'21''N / 14°59'34''E / Moschkogel SSW from the Weinebene, southeast-slope below the peak, about 1900 m, silicate blocks.
4.1 / 46°48'23''N / 14°58'57''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, Hühnerstütze about 17 km W from Deutschlandsberg, in peak area, about 1980 m, silicate blocks.
4.2 / 46°48'28''N / 14°59'02''E / Hühnerstütze about 17 km W from Deutschlandsberg, in peak area, about 1980 m, silicate blocks.
4.3 / 46°48'31''N / 14°59'08''E / Hühnerstütze about 17 km W from Deutschlandsberg, NE from the peak, about 1970 m, silicate blocks.
5.1 / 46°48'23''N / 15°00'33''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, Loskogel, S from the Weinebene, in peak area, 1790 m, silicate blocks.
5.2 / 46°48'24''N / 15°00'31''E / Loskogel, S from the Weinebene, northwest-slope shortly below the peak, about 1780 m, silicate blocks.
5.3 / 46°48'25''N / 15°00'32''E / Loskogel, S from the Weinebene, north-slope shortly below the peak, about 1770 m, silicate blocks.
6.1 / 46°46'50''N / 15°01'35''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, Glitzfelsen NW above the Schwanberger Brendlhütte, about 15 km WSW from Deutschlandsberg, shortly below and east from the peak, about 1800 m, silicate blocks.
6.2 / 46°46'52''N / 15°01'31''E / Glitzfelsen NW above the Schwanberger Brendlhütte, about 15 km WSW from Deutschlandsberg, in peak area, about 1820 m, silicate blocks.
6.3 / 46°46'53''N / 15°01'24''E / Glitzfelsen NW above the Schwanberger Brendlhütte, about 15 km WSW from Deutschlandsberg, shortly below and west from the peak, about 1810 m, silicate blocks.
7.1 / 46°47'21''N / 14°58'06''E / Austria, Carinthia: Central Alps, Koralpe, Großer Speikkogel, about 11 km SE from Wolfsberg, northwest from the peak, about 2100 m, marble containing silicate blocks.
7.2 / 46°47'23''N / 14°58'04''E / Großer Speikkogel, about 11 km SE from Wolfsberg, northwest from the peak, about 2080 m, marble containing silicate blocks.
7.3 / 46°47'22''N / 14°57'58''E / Großer Speikkogel, about 11 km SE from Wolfsberg, northwest from the peak, about 2060 m, marble containing silicate blocks.
8.1 / 46°46'54''N / 14°59'25''E / Austria, Carinthia: Central Alps, Koralpe, Ochsenstein, about 13 km SE from Wolfsberg, on the peak, about 1980 m, marble containing silicate blocks.
8.2 / 46°46'52''N / 14°59'26''E / Ochsenstein, about 13 km SE from Wolfsberg, in peak area, shortly above the path, about 1970 m, marble containing silicate blocks.
8.3 / 46°46'51''N / 14°59'23''E / Ochsenstein, about 13 km SE from Wolfsberg, in peak area, shortly below the path, about 1970 m, marble containing silicate blocks.
9.1 / 46°46'47''N / 14°58'13''E / Austria, Carinthia: Central Alps, Koralpe, Krakaberg, about 11.5 km SE from Wolfsberg, in peak area, about 2070 m, silicate blocks.
9.2 / 46°46'46''N / 14°58'14''E / Krakaberg, about 11.5 km SE from Wolfsberg, shortly below and south from the peak, about 2050 m, silicate blocks.
9.3 / 46°46'43''N / 14°58'13''E / Krakaberg, about 11.5 km SE from Wolfsberg, south from the peak, about 2040 m, silicate blocks.
10.1 / 46°46'29''N / 15°00'52''E / Austria, Styria: Central Alps, Koralpe, Ochsenofen, about 14 km W above Schwanberg, in peak area beside fencing, third block area from NW, about 1760 m, silicate blocks.
10.2 / 46°46'30''N / 15°00'50''E / Ochsenofen, about 14 km W above Schwanberg, in peak area beside fencing, second block area from NW, about 1760 m, silicate blocks.
10.3 / 46°46'31''N / 15°00'45''E / Ochsenofen, about 14 km W above Schwanberg, in peak area beside fencing, first block area from NW, about 1760 m, silicate blocks.

Table S2.

Plot.Subplot ID / N. thalli / N. sympt. infected thalli / N. lichenic.fungal species / N. lichen species / List of lichenicolous fungi and their occurrence (n)
1.1 / 431 / 20 / 6 / 17 / Carbonea intrudens (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (4), Muellerella pygmaea - Li (5), M. pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (8)
1.2 / 186 / 14 / 7 / 22 / Cercidospora epipolytropa (3), Deuteromyces sp.* (3), Muellerella pygmaea s.str. (3), Skyttea tephromelarum (1), Stigmidium eucline (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (2), Taeniolella sp.* (1)
1.3 / 96 / 5 / 4 / 13 / Muellerella pygmaea - Li (2), M. pygmaea s.str. (1), Sclerococcum sphaerale (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
2.1 / 128 / 10 / 6 / 20 / Carbonea supersparsa (1), Endococcus perpusillus* (1), Endococcus verrucosus (2), Muellerella pygmaea - Li (2), M. pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea - Rg (3)
2.2 / 264 / 24 / 9 / 26 / Arthonia sp. 2* (1), Gyrophthorus sp.* (1), Lichenoconium lecanorae (5), Muellerella pygmaea - Li (3), M. pygmaea - Rg (2), M. pygmaea s.str. (1), Polycoccum microsticticum (1), Stigmidium gyrophorarum (2), Taeniolella atricerebrina (8)
2.3 / 129 / 16 / 7 / 17 / Arthonia varians (1), Endococcus perpusillus* (1), Endococcus propinquus - Ac (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea - Rg (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (10)
3.1 / 165 / 20 / 7 / 20 / Arthonia sp. 1* (2), Endococcus propinquus - Ac (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (6), M. pygmaea - Rg (2), M. pygmaea s.str (7), Sphaerellothecium atryneae (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
3.2 / 109 / 10 / 6 / 14 / Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea - Rg (4), M. pygmaea s.str (2), Phacographa protoparmeliae* (1), Stigmidium eucline (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
3.3 / 129 / 16 / 7 / 16 / Cercidospora epipolytropa (5), Lichenoconium lecanorae (3), Muellerella pygmaea - Ia (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (3), M. pygmaea - Rg (1), M. pygmaea s.str (2), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
4.1 / 99 / 12 / 6 / 18 / Cercidospora epipolytropa (1), Endococcus macrosporus (3), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (2), M. pygmaea s.str. (3), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (2), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
4.2 / 312 / 41 / 8 / 16 / Carbonea supersparsa (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (22), Endococcus propinquus - Ac (1), Endococcus propinquus - Rg (6), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (5), M. pygmaea - Rg (4), M. pygmaea s.str. (1)
4.3 / 135 / 20 / 9 / 17 / Carbonea intrudens (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (1), Endococcus macrosporus (7), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Rg (4), M. pygmaea s.str. (3), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (1), Sclerococcum sphaerale (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
5.1 / 165 / 18 / 9 / 21 / Arthonia varians (1), Carbonea intrudens (2), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Endococcus propinquus - Ac (1), Endococcus verrucosus (3), Muellerella pygmaea - Li (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (4), M. pygmaea - Rg (3), M. pygmaea s.str. (2)
5.2 / 255 / 21 / 12 / 21 / Arthonia varians (2), Arthonia sp. 1* (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (2), Cercidospora solearispora* (1), Endococcus verrucosus (1), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Li (2), M. pygmaea - Lp (5), M. pygmaea - Rg (2), M. pygmaea s.str. (2), Polycoccum microsticticum (1), Skyttea tephromelarum (1)
5.3 / 153 / 24 / 10 / 17 / Arthonia varians (1), Carbonea aggregantula - Cv* (2), Carbonea vitellinaria (1), Endococcus macrosporus (8), Endococcus verrucosus (2), Muellerella atricola* (1), M. pygmaea - Li (4), M. pygmaea - Lp (3), M. pygmaea - Rg (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (1)
6.1 / 254 / 21 / 11 / 22 / Arthonia protoparmeliae* (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (1), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Endococcus verrucosus (1), Muellerella atricola* (1), M. pygmaea - Li (4), M. pygmaea - Lp (3), M. pygmaea - Rg (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (6), Sphaerellothecium atryneae (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
6.2 / 150 / 15 / 11 / 16 / Arthonia varians (1), Carbonea vitellinaria (1), Cecidonia umbonella (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (3), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (3), Sclerococcum sphaerale (1), Sphinctrina sp.* (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
6.3 / 166 / 22 / 10 / 19 / Arthonia varians (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (1), Endococcus macrosporus (4), Endococcus verrucosus (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea - Rg (3), M. pygmaea s.str. (4), Phoma sp.* (1), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (4), Taeniolella atricerebrina (2)
7.1 / 129 / 11 / 7 / 16 / Cecidonia umbonella (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (2), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea - Rg (3), M. pygmaea s.str. (2), Phacographa protoparmeliae* (1)
7.2 / 233 / 22 / 7 / 21 / Carbonea assimilis* (1), Endococcus macrosporus (4), Lichenoconium lecanorae (2), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (1), M. pygmaea - Rg (6), M. pygmaea s.str. (2), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (6)
7.3 / 277 / 30 / 14 / 25 / Arthonia varians (1), Carbonea aggregantula - Cv* (1), Carbonea supersparsa (1), Cecidonia umbonella (2), Cercidospora epipolytropa (2), Endococcus macrosporus (2), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella atricola* (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (4), M. pygmaea - Rg (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (8), Sphaerellothecium contextum (2), Sphinctrina sp.* (3), Stigmidium gyrophorarum (1)
8.1 / 227 / 28 / 13 / 20 / Arthonia varians (1), Cecidonia umbonella (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (3), Endococcus macrosporus (5), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (5), M. pygmaea - Rg (3), M. pygmaea - Sf (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (3), Opegrapha geographicola* (1), Skyttea tephromelarum (2), Sphaerellothecium atryneae (1), Stigmidium eucline (1)
8.2 / 124 / 15 / 7 / 15 / Cercidospora epipolytropa (2), Endococcus macrosporus (2), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (4), M. pygmaea -Pb (1), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (3), Taeniolella atricerebrina (2)
8.3 / 295 / 30 / 12 / 24 / Arthonia varians (2), Carbonea assimilis* (1), Cecidonia umbonella (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (1), Endococcus macrosporus (7), Gyrophthorus sp.* (1), Lichenoconium lecanorae (3), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (3), M. pygmaea - Rg (4), M. pygmaea s.str. (5), Phacographa protoparmeliae* (1), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (1)
9.1 / 165 / 22 / 10 / 17 / Arthonia varians (1), Carbonea supersparsa (1), Endococcus verrucosus (2), Muellerella pygmaea - Ca (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (2), M. pygmaea - Rg (6), M. pygmaea - Sf (1), M. pygmaea s.str. (3), Phoma sp.* (1), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (4)
9.2 / 178 / 25 / 12 / 18 / Cecidonia umbonella (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (2), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Endococcus perpusillus* (1), Lichenoconium lecanorae (1), Muellerella pygmaea - Lp (5), M. pygmaea - Rg (6), M. pygmaea s.str. (2), Polycoccum sporastatiae (2), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (2), Stigmidium eucline (1), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1)
9.3 / 212 / 30 / 13 / 24 / Carbonea supersparsa (1), Cercidospora epipolytropa (1), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Endococcus verrucosus (1), Lichenoconium lecanorae (2), M. pygmaea - Lp (5), M. pygmaea - Rg (3), M. pygmaea s. str. (4), Polycoccum sporastatiae (1), Sphaerellothecium contextum (2), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (7), Taeniolella atricerebrina (1), Taeniolella sp. (1)
10.1 / 205 / 22 / 9 / 25 / Endococcus macrosporus (7), Muellerella atricola* (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (2), M. pygmaea s.str. (3), Phoma sp.*(1), Sphaerellothecium atryneae (3), Stigmidium gyrophorarum (2), Taeniolella atricerebrina (2), Taeniolella sp.*(1)
10.2 / 353 / 32 / 10 / 27 / Cercidospora epipolytropa (2), Endococcus macrosporus (1), Lichenodiplis lecanorae* (2), Muellerella atricola* (2), M. pygmaea - Lp (5), M. pygmaea - Rg (6), M. pygmaea s.str. (1), Sphaerellothecium atryneae (2), Stigmidium gyrophorarum (4), Taeniolella atricerebrina (7)
10.3 / 425 / 25 / 9 / 26 / Endococcus macrosporus (3), Muellerella pygmaea - Li (1), M. pygmaea - Lp (4), M. pygmaea - Rg (3), Rosellinula haplospora*(2), Sagediopsis fissurisedens (2), Sphaerellothecium atryneae (2), Stigmidium gyrophorarum (3), Taeniolella atricerebrina (5)

Table S3.

Original lichen and lichenicolous fungus species / SSCP Band number / Accession numbers (ITS1 fragment)
Lecanora intricata, Muellerella - In / A023B / KP889116
Lecanora polytropa, Muellerella - Lp / A459B / KP889117
“ “ / A648B / KP889118
“ “ / A670B / KP889119
“ “ / A135A / KP889120
“ “ / A459A / KP889121
“ “ / A470A / KP889122
Lecanora intricata, Muellerella - In / A023A / KP889123
Lecanora polytropa, Muellerella - Lp / A648A / KP889124
“ “ / A670A / KP889125
“ “ / A670C / KP889126
Lecanora intricata, Muellerella - In / A023C / KP889127
Lecanora polytropa, Muellerella - Lp / A670D / KP889128
Lecanora polytropa, Cercidospora epipolytropa / A183A / KP889129
“ “ / A216A / KP889130
“ “ / A284A / KP889131
“ “ / A284B / KP889132
“ “ / A284C / KP889133
“ “ / A183B / KP889134
“ “ / A216B / KP889135
“ “ / A482C / KP889136
“ “ / A482B / KP889137
Tephromela atra, Taeniolella atricerebrina / A037C / KP889139
“ “ / A037A / KP889140
“ “ / A046A / KP889141
“ “ / A046B / KP889142
“ “ / A164A / KP889143
“ “ / A184A / KP889144
“ “ / A675A / KP889145
“ “ / A796A_ITS1f, A796A_SR6R / KP889146, KP889147
“ “ / A809A / KP889148
“ “ / A164D / KP889149
“ “ / A184D / KP889150
“ “ / A037D / KP889151
“ “ / A046C / KP889152
“ “ / A164C / KP889153
“ “ / A184B / KP889154
“ “ / A675B / KP889155
“ “ / A675C / KP889156
“ “ / A689B / KP889157
“ “ / A796C / KP889158
“ “ / A796B / KP889159
“ “ / A809B / KP889160
“ “ / A809C / KP889161
“ “ / A809D / KP889162
Rhizocarpon geographicum, Endococcus macrosporus / A194A / KP889163
“ “ / A317A / KP889164
“ “ / A326B / KP889165
“ “ / A698B / KP889166
“ “ / A768B / KP889167
“ “ / A194B / KP889168
“ “ / A194C / KP889169
“ “ / A194D / KP889170
“ “ / A194E / KP889171
“ “ / A371B / KP889172
“ “ / A768A / KP889173
“ “ / A326A / KP889174
“ “ / A698A / KP889175

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