Notes, 01

TOPIC The Agricultural Economies of Early Human Societies and Civilizations

UNIT History of Economics: People and Production

ECONOMY: ______

______

PART I Term Identification

Directions Use the PPT slides to identify the following terms AND explain their contextual significance. In other words, what deeper understanding of the society or the time period does the term offer? See the example.

Term / Identification
(Who? What? When? Where?) / Contextual significance
(Why important? So what?)
Hunting and gathering / Method of food provision carried out by nomadic clans in the Paleolithic Era; men hunted and women gathered / As men and women both secured food for the family, hunting and gathering created equality between the two genders. Both were equally responsible as providers during the Paleolithic era.
Additionally, clans hunted and gathered only what they needed – nothing more. It can be argued that Paleolithic societies lived more respectfully with the natural environment; they did not exploit it for their own wants and comforts.
Nomadism /
Term / Identification
(Who? What? When? Where?) / Contextual significance
(Why important? So what?)
Matriarchal society
Ice Age
Agricultural Revolution
Cradles of Civilization
Animal domestication
Term / Identification
(Who? What? When? Where?) / Contextual significance
(Why important? So what?)
Surplus
Job specialization
Infrastructure
Social classes
Bronze Age
Term / Identification
(Who? What? When? Where?) / Contextual significance
(Why important? So what?)
Public works

PART II Pro-Con

Directions Use the PPT information to construct a list that details the positive and negative impacts of

the Agricultural Revolution.

POSITIVE IMPACTS / NEGATIVE IMPACTS

PART I Concept Map

Directions Use the PPT slides to create a concept map about life in the Paleolithic Era. Include

information about settlement patterns, food provision, technology, social relations (between men and women), and adaptations to cold.

PART II Concept Map

Directions Use the PPT slides to create a concept map about life in the Neolithic Era. Include

information about settlement patterns, food provision, technology, the changing roles of men and women, and the development of advanced economic features.


Notes, 01

TOPIC The Agricultural Economies of Early Human Societies and Civilizations

UNIT History of Economics: People and Production

ECONOMY: The ______and ______

of ______and ______.

PART I Term Identification

Directions Use the PPT slides to identify the following terms and finish the critical thinking prompts. See the example.

Term / Identification / Critical Thinking
Hunting & gathering
(page 1, slide 2) / Hunting and gathering was the way that…
Paleolithic clans found food. / Paleolithic men and women were equal because…
they both had to provide food for the family. Men hunted, and women gathered. Both jobs were equally important.
Nomads
(page 1, slide 2) / Nomads are people that… / Nomadic people depended on the environment for…
Matriarchal
(page 2, slide 1) / A matriarchal society is one that is… / Many Paleolithic clans likely treated the planet as a “mother” because it…
Ice Age
(page 2, slide 2) / The Ice Age was… / The Ice Age made life hard for Paleolithic hunter-gatherers because…

Agricultural Revolution
(page 2, slide 2) / The Agricultural Revolution began when people discovered… / The Agricultural Revolution completely changed human life because…
Cradles of Civilizations
(page 3, slide 1) / The earliest civilizations developed near river valleys. Four of the earliest civilizations were... / A “cradle” is a small bed for a baby. River valleys are called the “cradles” of civilization because…
Domestication
(page 4, slide 1 and 2) / Domestication is a process in which people… / Animal domestication was very important because…
Surplus
(page 4, slide 2) / A surplus is… / The growth of a food surplus was very important because it caused…
Infrastructure
(page 4, slide 2) / Every society has infrastructure. What is infrastructure? / Neolithic farming societies were able to develop strong infrastructures because…
Social classes
(page 4, slide 2) / Social classes are… / Sometimes there is tension between the upper and lower classes because…
Term / Identification / Critical Thinking
Bronze Age
(page 5, slide 1) / The Bronze Age was a period of time when people learned… / Why do you think metalworking helped societies build stronger economies?
Public Works
(page 5, slide 1) / Public works are… / How do road construction and street-cleaning improve city life?

PART II Pro-Con

Directions Use the PPT information to construct a list that details the positive and negative impacts of

the Agricultural Revolution.

POSITIVE IMPACTS / NEGATIVE IMPACTS
The Agricultural Revolution helped human societies ______more food. A food surplus allowed many people in society to ______in different jobs. With experts in many jobs, early societies began to build strong economic systems, or ______. These systems (like schools, technology, and transportation) helped societies produce and distribute more goods and services. / (Page 7, slide 2)
a.  How did the Agricultural Revolution change the relationship between men and women?
b.  How did job specialization lead to problems in society?
c.  Many wealthy farmers had “debt slaves.” What are debt slaves?

PART III Concept Map

Directions Use the PPT slides to create a concept map about life in the Paleolithic Era. Write

information about settlement patterns, food provision, technology, social relations (between men and women), and adaptations to cold.

PART IV Concept Map

Directions Use the PPT slides to create a concept map about life in the Neolithic Era. Include

information about settlement patterns, food provision, technology, the changing roles of men and women, and the development of advanced economic features.


Notes, 01

TOPIC The Agricultural Economies of Early Human Societies and Civilizations

UNIT History of Economics: People and Production

ECONOMY: The ______and ______

of ______and ______.

(The way a society makes and sells things.)

PART I Term Identification

Directions Use the PPT slides to identify the following terms and finish the critical thinking prompts. See the example.

Term / Identification / Critical Thinking
Hunting & gathering
(page 1, slide 2) / Hunting and gathering was the way that Paleolithic clans found food. / Paleolithic men and women were equal because they both had to provide food. Men hunted, and women gathered. Both jobs were equally important.
Nomads
(page 1, slide 2) / Nomads ______from
place to place. They do not have permanent ______. / Nomadic clans depended on the ______for everything, including food and shelter.
Matriarchal
(page 2, slide 1) / A matriarchal society is dominated by ______, not men. / Many Paleolithic clans treated the Earth like “mother” because “she” protected them and gave them everything they needed in order to ______.
Ice Age
(page 2, slide 2) / The Ice Age was a period of extreme cold when large ______of ice covered the continents. / Hunter-gatherers adapted to the cold by working with ______, living in ______, and using ______for warmth.

Agricultural Revolution
(page 2, slide 2) / The Agricultural Revolution began when people discovered that they could ______seeds in order to grow food. / The Agricultural Revolution changed the way people lived. They no longer had to ______. They built permanent ______. They were not ______anymore.
Cradles of Civilizations
(page 3, slide 1) / The earliest civilizations developed near ______. Four of the earliest civilizations were in ______, ______, ______, and ______. / A “cradle” is a small bed for a baby. River valleys are called the “cradles” of civilization because civilizations rested in river valleys. The ______from the rivers helped food and civilizations ______strong.
Domestication
(page 4, slide 1 and 2) / Domestication is when people make plants and animals ______for human populations. / Domesticated animals provided meat and labor. Farmers used animals to ______bigger fields for more planting. With bigger fields and more crops, farmers were able to grow a ______, or large amount, of food.
Surplus
(page 4, slide 2) / A surplus is a ______of something. If you have a surplus, then you have ______than you need. / Farmers were growing a food surplus. Therefore, others in society could ______in other skills. They became experts at different jobs. Some were expert ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______(writers).
Infrastructure
(page 4, slide 2) / Infrastructure are ______that help a society ______more effectively. / Infrastructure includes systems of ______, ______, ______, and ______.
Social classes
(page 4, slide 2) / Social classes are different ______of people in society. / Social classes are usually determined by ______and power. The ______classes usually have more. People in the lower classes are usually ______; they work as servants and laborers.
Bronze Age
(page 5, slide 1) / The Bronze Age was a period of time when people learned to specialize in ______. / Metal-working helped early societies build stronger ______for farming and ______for fighting.
Public Works
(page 5, slide 1) / Public works are city ______like road ______and ______(street cleaning and waste removal). / Public works are services that ______life (make it better) in the city or civilization.

PART II Pro-Con

Directions Fill in the blanks with the terms listed.

POSITIVE IMPACTS / NEGATIVE IMPACTS
GROW
INFRASTRUCTURE
SPECIALIZE
The Agricultural Revolution helped human societies ______more food. A food surplus allowed many people in society to ______in different jobs. With experts in many jobs, early societies began to build strong economic systems, or ______. These systems (like schools, technology, and transportation) helped societies produce and distribute more goods and services. / Read the last slide. Fill in the blanks.
DEBT
INEQUALITY
SPECIALIZED
SUPERIOR
The Agricultural Revolution caused ______. First, men began to feel ______(more important) than women because men were providing all the food. Second, a gap started to separate the rich from the poor. Experts with highly ______skills became wealthy and powerful. Those without skills became poor. If poor people borrowed money from rich people but could not repay them, then the poor people became ______slaves. They had to work for the rich people until they could pay back what they owed.

PART III Concept Map

Directions Use the PPT slides to create a concept map about life in the Paleolithic Era. Write

information about settlement patterns, food provision, technology, social relations (between men and women), and adaptations to cold. Use the word bank.

CAVES

EQUAL

FIRE

GATHERED

HUNTED

NOMADIC

SKINS

STONE


PART IV Concept Map

Directions Use the PPT slides to create a concept map about life in the Neolithic Era. Include

information about settlement patterns, food provision, technology, the changing roles of men and women, and the development of advanced economic features. Use the word bank.

AGRICULTURE

BRONZE

CLASSES

COPPER

DOMESTICATION

RIVER VALLEYS

SPECIALIZE

SUPERIOR

WEALTHIER