Developed Island Map Instructions

DEVELOPED ISLAND MAP INSTRUCTIONS

CRADLE TO CRADLE PHILOSOPHY

"Imagine a world in which all the things we make, use, and consume provide nutrition for nature and industry-a world in which growth is good and human activity generates a delightful, restorative ecological footprint.

"While this may seem like heresy to many in the world of sustainable development, the destructive qualities of today's cradle-to-grave industrial system can be seen as the result of a fundamental design problem, not the inevitable outcome of consumption and economic activity. Indeed, good design-principled design based on the laws of nature-can transform the making and consumption of things into a regenerative force."

From the book Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough (architect of Greenbridge) and Michael Braungart

INTRODUCTION
Your group has created a natural island based on a real island or island group. This next phase, which requires a whole lot of imagination, involves developing this island in way that is sustainable. In other words, your plan must provide a good quality of life while taking into account preservation of natural resources, “green” building and landscape design, alternative (renewable) energy sources and system, effective and widely-used public transportation, one or more purposefully designed and placed business districts and outdoor recreational options. Example of sustainable design: residential area within walking distance of businesses; public transportation easily accessible from residential areas connecting important human features on island; renewable energy system based on natural conditions of island; selected natural features (shown on natural island) are preserved on developed island.

Begin with pencil. Use fine-tipped markers for roads and other human-made features next. Do the shading and coloring last. Keep the contour lines in PENCIL as they stay in the background.

You will be naming many things including roads, parks, schools, hotels, etc. I strongly suggest that each group keeps a running list for names that you come up with so you are not left with the task of coming up with names for everything at the end.

OVERALL APPEARANCE
Think about the expression “eye catching.” Your map should be visually pleasing to the eye. Strive to do neat work on the map every step of the way, knowing that it will take time to get it completed. Be neat in your work and be consistent with the symbols and colors you have chosen and are in your map key. You must use the same contour lines as with the natural island map drawn in pencil. These lines will become “background” information once you begin constructing the human features using extra-fine felt-tipped pens. Draw in pencil until you are certain about the lines or shapes – then use colored pencils (for light shading) and extra-fine felt tipped markers. Every area of you island must be accounted for – do not leave areas of white paper without symbols or shading.

MAPMAKING BASICS

MAP SCALE
The developed island must be the same general shape as the natural island, and it will be greatly enlarged. This map will be drawn on much larger paper, the size of which will be determined by map dimensions. Both the contour interval and map scale should be readjusted given the large size of this map. You can now show more detailed topography, so use a smaller contour interval. Your scale will change, as well. An example: if one inch on the natural map represents 2 miles, it could now represent ¼ mile on the developed map. This will allow for more detail in the developed map.

CONTOUR LINES, CONTOUR INTERVAL AND ELEVATIONS
Your contour lines should accurately represent well the island you have created, which is similar to your selected island. The elevations, slopes and features on your map should reflect those of your selected island. Contour lines never criss-cross on your map. Contour lines are neatly drawn, show the details of the landscape and represent the chosen region extremely well. All contour lines have elevations neatly printed directly above them in several places. Every fifth contour line is darkened. Steep vs. less steep slopes are shown by the spacing between contour lines. As each contour line crosses a stream it should appear as a “V” that points upstream. The steepness of the stream is shown by the shape of the “V” and the spacing between the lines. Contour interval and scale is displayed in lower center part of map. Contour lines are carefully sketched in pencil with every fifth one slightly darker. The lines should accurately show topographic features of your island. Mapmaking takes time. Be certain to allow for additional work time on your project outside of class time.

MAP SYMBOLS

All map features, including colors, shading, patterns and symbols will be represented on the MAP KEY. Be consistent with how you use your feature on the map. The features you use combined with contour lines tell the story of your island. A person examining your map should develop an accurate picture of the natural and human features on your island. See natural map section for information about natural map features. In accordance with your MAP KEY, symbols on your map should accurately represent human (“man-made”) and natural features. Again, be consistent with your map symbols and make sure they are represented in the MAP KEY.

Examples of human features on map:

- designate the type of road (2-lane vs. 4-lane, divided highway, unimproved road or trail, bike lanes, etc)

- designate the type of mass transportation (subway, tramway, railroad, glider runway, hot air balloon launch pad, helipad (for helicopter take-off and landing)

- shore or coastal features (docks, boardwalks, fishing piers, harbors)

- buildings (hotels, single family houses, townhomes, schools, business district, sports complex, aquarium, museum, research center, office complex, campground, hospital, airport, etc.

- infrastructure (powerplant and power grid, bridges, tunnels, parking areas, cellular towers, radio and television transmitters, water towers)

TEXT ON MAP
Text should be neatly printed in ink and not hide map features
- name all roads; print names on map alongside road symbol

- name all commercial features (i.e. sports complexes, hotels, research facilities, schools, entertainment venues, etc.)

- name all parks and recreational areas

- name major natural features

Island name, contour interval, map scale, map compass are neatly displayed in the correct locations, and are eye-catching. Your island name should be in a larger font than anything else on the map. Also incorporate a symbol for wind direction (show variations during the year if appropriate) and long shore current direction.

Island name – somewhere on the paper but not on the map itself; add “based on….” (the island or island group on which your island is based)

Contour interval and scale – below map in center of paper.

Wind direction and compass (combine these and place on paper somewhere around the island – but not on island, itself.

Long shore currents – use blue arrows in several places off shore but close to island.
GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND VEGETATION

All geographic and geologic features of your region are represented on map with your chosen map symbols and are neatly drawn or shaded in and are eye-catching. The geographic features on your map should reflect those of your selected island. Due to development, some of your geographic features may be altered. With sustainable development, changes in the land should be limited and when done, justified. Showing geographic features on a map involves a combination of accurately drawn contour lines, colors or shading (yellow = beach and dunes; brown = rocky or cliff areas; green = vegetation; blue = natural waterways such as streams, rivers and lakes)

RIVERS, STREAMS, WATERFALLS, RAPIDS, LAKES, PONDS AND WETLANDS

Rivers, streams and brooks should be drawn using blue lines. Indicate waterfalls or rapids in places where contour lines are closely-spaced as they cross stream. Ephemeral (temporary) streams, gullies and washes show where water flows only after heavy rain. These should be shown with blue dashed lines. Outline lakes, ponds and reservoirs in blue. Use the appropriate symbol for wetlands. The color for all water features, whether natural or human-made, is blue.

WATER DEPTH AROUND ISLAND
Use lighter and darker shades of blue to indicate depth of water surrounding your island. Use colored pencil and shade lightly. Mark the deeper channels maintained for larger boats such as ferries. Do the water depth shading about 1-2 miles from your island – no further.

Pastel or chalk used last, after much of the map work has been completed, has worked well for a number of groups in the past.

HUMAN IMPACT ON LAND

CONSERVATION PLAN
Your group should decide which areas of the natural island and which natural features you will protect or preserve. Be sure that the protected or preserved features are labeled on the map and the appropriate symbols are used. The developed island must preserve its natural features while appealing to year-round residents and tourists. Find the balance. Using your natural island map, decide which features or areas will be protected from development. Which areas are fragile? Come up with a development plan and put in into words.

PRESERVATION
This aspect of the project can easily be shown on the sustainably-developed island map. Know, inside and out, the natural island you created, when it was unpopulated. Perhaps this was one-hundred years ago or more. You are a "green" developer who is creating a paradise for people who believe the Cradle to Cradle philosophy and love living within clean, natural surroundings. When developing the natural island, you should leave as much of the natural island intact as possible. Target the natural features deemed "untouchable" and design development with that in mind. The earned points will be based on how well you preserved natural features from your natural (original) island. "Preservation" applies to geologic and geographic features and well as plant and animal life. A generic term often used is "natural resources." List each of the areas and features you chose to preserve from your original natural island. What is your plan to maintain and protect the preserved areas of your island?

Your map should reflect a development plan that takes this into account. Preserved areas should be labeled accordingly. Decide on where these areas are early in the process in order to lay out the developed areas. Preserved areas could be represented on the map as parks or greenways. Coral reefs may be preserved by simply keeping commercial boat traffic away.

NATURAL RESOURCES
Through your investigations, you have come up with a list of natural resources for our island. Your map should reveal these natural resources in some way. For instance, if you have abundant wind on your island, wind driven turbines (windmills) would be one way of using this resource and it ca easily be shown on your map. Farms, orchards or vineyards shown on your map would be examples of fertile soil as a natural resource. Cave entrances clearly show limestone bedrock with a network of subterranean caverns. Springs and wells indicate groundwater. A strong long shore current or large variation in tidal amplitude may be harnessed as a source of energy. Be creative when representing your island’s natural resources

MUNICIPAL PLANNING
This category includes placement or layout of residential and business districts, and placement of parks, recreation areas and greenways, layout of public transportation systems and roads, airports and docks (for water transportation). Municipal planning also includes the placement of various infrastructure components such as waste and recycling, water treatment and electricity generators and distribution network. Create symbols for common and unique features and assign colors. Keep track of your symbols and colors on a map key.

TRANSPORTATION
Practical, efficient and innovative transportation system is neatly displayed and easily interpreted on map. All roads, trails and rails are neatly drawn using symbols and colors you have chosen and placed on your map key. All major and most secondary roads should be named with name printed neatly just above the line. Use distinct symbols for limited access highways (i.e. Interstate 40), divided highways (i.e. Martin Luther King Blvd. and east 54), major two-lane roads (i.e. Franklin Street), minor two-lane road (High School Road) unimproved road (gravel or dirt, yet wide enough for vehicle), bike trail and walking/hiking trail (narrower). Use an arrow to designate the direction of a one-way street. Use different symbols for rails and tramways. Show bus stops and train stations.

ENERGY
The map should clearly show your island’s renewable energy program and system that is logically placed and neatly displayed on map and easily interpreted. Your choice of a renewable energy program must make sense given the natural attributes of your island. If applicable, show wind turbines, arrays of solar collectors and geothermal facilities. Use a special symbol for power lines and substations. Name and label the energy facilities on the map.

WASTE AND RECYCLING
Your map should clearly show a practical and sustainable waste and recycling program. The buildings and land that pertain to waste and recycling should be labeled.

WATER
The most important resource on your island is water. Your map should clearly show a water treatment plant if surface water is used for drinking. Be sure to show a reservoir as a surface water supply, if applicable. Use a special symbol for a water tower and desalination plants, if applicable. Your map should clearly show places where collected rainwater is stored in cisterns (if your island is in a location where drought occurs). The entire island should be outlined with ultra-fine blue felt-tipped pen, which should also be used for all water features.