Leaders of the World

LEADER / DATE / Importance
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Haiti / 1791 / * Led Haitian Slave rebellion against France
* 1820-Haiti becomes Indep. Republic
Hidalgo
Mexico / 1810-1811 / * Catholic Priest-led fight against Spain in Mexico
* Indep. Fighter –Mexico’s war of Indep. Against Spain
Camillo Cavour
Italy / 1848-1861 / * Prime Minister of Sardinia
* Worked to drive out foreign nations to UNITE Italian City States
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Italy / 1842-1882 / * Soldier who led forces that won control of Southern Italy.
* Helped Italy unite with North
Otto von Bismark
Prussia/Germany / 1862-1870 / * Chancellor of Prussia
* Led German unification
* Blood and Iron= WAR
Louis XIV
France / 1643-1715 / * Absolute Monarch increases Kings power
* Spent $ on wars and lavish goods
* Bankrupt France=French Revolution

Napoleon

France / 1799-1814 / * Conquered much of Europe
*Set up schools, tax system, Napoleonic Code
* His defeat led to Democratic movement
Henry VIII
England / 1509-1647 / * Absolute ruler
* Led Protestant Ref. in England
*Created Church of England

Elizabeth I

England / 1558-1603 / * Absolute
*Art patron
* Golden Age
*Anglican Church

Philip II

Spain / 1556-1598 / * Expanded influence of Catholic Church
* Absolute=Golden Age of Spain

Peter the Great

Russia / 1682-1725 / * Centralized Power
* Gained control of Russian Orthodox Church
* WESTERNIZATION

Catherine the Great

Russia / 1762-1796 / * Allowed citizens to give input
* Built hospitals, schools
* Obtained Black Sea port from Ottomans

Martin Luther

Germany / 1517 / *Wrote 95 Thesis
* Created new religious group
* Bible into Vernacular

John Locke

England / Late 1600s / * All people possess Natural Rights
* Gov’t formed to protect NR
* People can overthrow Gov’t it doesn’t protect NR

Rousseau

France / 1700s / * People are naturally good-But corrupt by evils of society
* Majority should work for good of all

Montesquieu

France / 1700s / * 3 Branches of Gov’t
* Prevent tyranny
Adam Smith
Scotland / 1759-1790 / * Capitalist=Laissez Faire
* Wealth of Nations
Karl Marx
Germany / 1848 / * Communist Manifesto- SOCIALISM
* Struggles b/w employers and employees
Adolf Hitler
Germany / 1933-1945 / * DICTATOR- Nazi Movement
* Create Grand Empire
* Ethnic Cleansing=Holocaust
Benito Mussolini
Italy / 1922-1945 / * Fascist Dictator
* Imperialist (Ethiopia)
Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union / 1924-1953 / * Dictator//Ruthless-Terror
* Great Purge/ Collectivization
* 5 Year Plan- Industrialist

Shah Reza Pahlavi

Iran / 1953-1979 / * Westernized Iran-supported by US-Dictator
* Women gain rights
*Overthrown By Khomeini
R. Ayatollah. Khomeini
Iran / 1979-1989 / * Islamic fundamentalist-Dictator
* Enforced Muslim way of life thru Koran
*Women lost all freedoms from Pahlavi
Anwar Sadat
Egypt / 1970-1981 / * 3rd President of Egypt
* Signed Camp David Accords in 1979 w/ M.Begin of Israel
* Killed for “selling out”
* Free market
Menachem Begin
Israel / 1977-1983 / * 1979 Signed Camp avid Accord w/Sadat
* Worked to protect Israel from Palestine
Yasir Arafat
Palestine / 1996-2004 / * Leader of the PLO
* Used terrorist acts against Israel
Yitzhak Rabin
Israel / 1974-1977
1992-1995 / * pm OF Israel-Signed OSLO ACCORDS (peace agreemt) w/ Arafat in 1993
* Assassinated in 1995 for acknowledging Palestine
King Hussein
Jordan / 1952-1999 / * Signed Peace Agreement w/ Israel in 1994
* Supported Saddam in Persian Gulf War
Sadam Hussein
Iraq / 1979-2003 / * Dictator (Iraq-Iran War, Persian Gulf War)
* Aggressive actions led to war w/ many Middle East nations
Jawael al-Maliki
Iraq / 2006-present / * PM of Iraq- has been working for a new Gov’t after Saddam
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet Union / 1985-1991 / * Last Soviet Pres of SU
* Reformed SU Economically (Perestroika) & Politically (Glasnost)
* Built a relationship with the WEST to end COLD WAR
Vladimir Putin
Russia / 1999-2008- President
2008-Pres- PM / * Brought political stability and re-establishing the rule of law
* Reformed Economy bringing it back from crisis and lowered poverty rate
Lech Walsea
Poland / 1980s- Solidarity
1990- President / * Led reform movement of POLISH workers against communism-“SOLIDARITY”
* Won presidential election in 1990
Slobodan Milosevic
Yugoslavia / 1989-1997 / * President of Serbia
* Responsible for ethnic cleansing of Muslim Kosovo’s
* Dictator
Juan Peron
Argentina / 1946-1955 / *Worked to reform welfare, wages and labor unions
* His govt was harsh and repressive
* Economic policies led to debt
Daniel Ortega
Nicaragua / 1985-1990
2007-present / * Communist leader
* Has since embrace Democratic Socialism
* Many corruption charges
Manuel Noriega
Panama / 1983-1989 / * Led drug cartels into US
* Military dictator, career soldier- never president
Fidel Castro
Cuba / 1959-2008 / * Communist Dictator- Supported by SU- Bad relationship with US- Cuban Missile Crisis
* Controlled total economy of Cuba
* Succeeded by Broth Raul
Sun Yat-Sen
China / Early 1900-1920 / * Chinese Nationalist
* ANTI COMMUNIST
Chiang Kai Shek
China / Mid 1920s / * Chinese Nationalist- Against Mao’s communist movement
* Fled to Taiwan
Mao Zedong
China / 1930s-1976 / *Fought against Chiang Kai-Shek
*Led communist forces
* 1958 GREAT LEAP FORWARD
* 1966 Cultural Revolution
Deng Xiaoping
China / 1976-1992 / * Gave more economic freedoms to China
* 4 MODNERIZATION
* Allowed foreign investment
Crime and Corruption increase
*Tiananmen Square Massacre
Ho Chi Minh
North Vietnam / 1954-1970s / * Communist Dictator
*Captured all of Vietnam making it a communist nation- Vietnam War
Ngo Dinh Diem
South Vietnam / 1956-1975 / * South Vietnam gov’t leader supported by US
* Lost Vietnam War to Ho Chi Minh
Kim ll-Sung
North Korea / 1972-1994 / * Communist dictator- command economy
* Committed Purges
* Son is Kim Jong Il
Pol Pot
Cambodia / 1963-1998 / * Communist dictator of Cambodia- Removed all Western influences
* Killed more than 3 million (Slaughtered)
Aung San Suu Kyi
Myanmar / 1990- present / * Led opposition to military dictatorship in Myanmar
* Pro Democracy fighter- under house arrest since 1990
* Winner of Nobel Peace Prize
Mustafa Kemel Ataturk
Turkey / 1920s / *War hero- Led nationalist movement to declare Turkey Independent
* 1st President
Mohandas Gandhi
India / 1920-1947 / * Led Indian Nationalist movement
*Non violent campaign- Civil Disobedience
* Member of INC
Jawaharlal Nehru
India / 1947-1966 / * India’s 1st PM
* Dealt with religious conflict b/w Hindus and Muslims
* Supported Democracy
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
India/PAKISTAN / 1947-1948 / * Leader of Palestine
* Worked with Gandhi
* Led the Muslin League
Indira Gandhi
India / 1966-1984 / * India 2nd PM
* Supported Democracy
* Dealt with religious conflict (Sikhs)
* Assassinated
Nelson Madela
South Africa / 1964-1999 / * Lead ANC
* Led independence movement and anti-Apartheid
* 1st black pres. Of South Africa
* Nobel Peace Prize
F.W. DeKlerk
South Africa / 1989-1994 / * Pres of South Africa
* legalized ANC
* Lead South African Reform
* Noble Peace Prize
Desmond Tutu
South Africa / 1970-1980s / *Anglican Bishop and civil rights leader- non violent
* Got foreign nations to limit trade with S. Africa
* Won Nobel Peace Prize
Jomo Kenyatta
Kenya / 1963-1978 / * 1st PM of Kenya after British leave
* Lead Independence struggle
Julius Nyerere
Tanzania / 1960s-1985 / * 1st president-1960 command economy
* Economic policy lead to debt
Kwame Nkrumah
Ghana / 1950s-1960s / * * 1st PM of Ghana after British leave- lead Indpen. Struggle
* OAU
Idi Amin
Uganda / 1971-1979 / * 3rd Pres of Uganda- expelled Asians from Uganda
* Dictator – harsh
*Human Rights abuses
Mobutu Sese Seko
Congo / 1965-1990s / * Anti communist leader- supported by US
* Congo becomes Zaire