Speech Communications

The Communication Process

Terms to Know

person (speaker), television, radio
person who listens and sees message
whatever the speaker communicates to receiver
form or route the message takes - oral or written conversation, public speech, radio/TV waves, billboard, letter
act of compiling of message - choosing words, channel, etc.

6.act of receiving data from senses.

11.______

7. process of deciphering or

understanding a message.

8.response from receiver or message sent back to sender.

9. spoken words

10.body language - Cues

“Actions speak louder than words.”

11.anything that interrupts or distorts sending & receiving of INTENDED message. Examples: Noise

Channel (poorly written, organized, pronounced, etc.)

Distractions

Perceptions/Values

8.______

5.______7.______

1.______9.______2.______

10.______

4.______6.______

3.______

12.Forms of Communication

______

13.Purposes of Communication

1. To ______2. To ______3. To______

14Four Types of Speeches

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

15. Factors that Impact Communication

______
______
______
______
______
______

Influences on Encoding & Decoding

16.______interpretation of data; assigning meaning to message.

17.______A logical conclusion based on data & past experience, but not necessarily accurate.

18.______An explanation for inference taken as fact, but may not be proven as fact.

For example, “All kids love candy.”

19.______An evaluation is made and a belief is expressed based on values. We judge

people, food, music, etc.

20.Audience

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

______

Identify Audience above all humans - below individuals or groups of

1.______6.______

2.______7.______

3.______8.______

4.______9.______

5. ______10.______

Verbal Communication Control in Public Speaking – DELIVERY

______(loud/soft)
______(first, finally)
______ (inflection, high/low, monotone)
______ (clarity)
______(proper) - establish credibility
______(regional accents) - establish credibility - people assume make judgments about intelligence/education - Ebonics Central WI - ok in some situations but in formal settings (public speaking) and formal writings (essays/articles) not acceptable. Words spoken represent us just as clothes we wear say something about who we are.

______ (fast/slow)
______ (emphasis) very effective except when too many or in form of “um” “er” and “ah”.

22.Nonverbal Communication Control in Public Speaking - DELIVERY

______establishescredibility

______lots or lack of convey meaning

Examples: Smiles may not be socially acceptable in some countries or “OK”

c.______credible, sincere, bored, lazy

Examples : Meeting with boss arms crossed - wide distance- degree of relaxation indicates liking or disliking. Lean back arms at side relaxed open comfortable.

d.______must be natural and spontaneous

e.______captures audience attention, enables you to see & respond to feedback.

Direct eye contact in U.S. seen as honest, confident, interested.

Varies though in Latin America children taught not to look elders in the eye.

f.______nonverbal communication

g.Four Zones Personal Space

1. ______up close to 18” embrace/whisper

2. ______18”-4’ talk with good friends

3. ______4’ - 12’ talk with acquaintance

4. ______12’ - 25 ‘public speaking

h. Space, Status and Control

Office – cubicle or windows , classroom desks

23.Listening

A. Real Listening Means:

5.______

4.______

3.______

2.______

1.______

B.Five Types of Listening

1.______Music -For your listening pleasure.... pure selfish enjoyment

2.______Therapeutic counselors- Support and requires a response

3.______Pause and concentrate - baby cry

4.______Concentrating to interpret meaning - learning

Examples: listening to directions.

5.______Analyze & evaluate message to make decision

24.Speech PreparationFour Steps to Overcoming Anxiety/Better Delivery

1. Prepare ______and know your topic

2. Prepare______

complete with pause, gesture, eye contact cues

3. Practice ______in front of a mirror again, and again and again.

4. Practice ______. Slow down.

Speech Communications

The Communication Process

Terms to Know

1.Senderperson (speaker), television, radio,

2. Receiverperson who listens and sees message

3.MessageWhatever the speaker comminicates to receiver

4.ChannelForm or route the message takes - oral or written .

conversation, public speech, radio/TV waves, billboard, letter

5.EncodeAct of compiling of message - choosing words, channel, etc.

6.ReceptionAct of receiving data from senses.

7.DecodeThe process of deciphering or understanding message.

8.FeedbackResponse from reciever or message sent back to sender.

9.VerbalSpoken words

10.NonverbalBody Language - Cues - “Actions speak louder than words.”

11.Interference (Noise)Anything that interrupts or distorts sending & receiving of INTENDED message.

Examples:

*Noise

*Channel (poorly written, poorly organized, poor pronunciation or articulation, static)

* Distractions

*Perceptions/Values

Add later after lecture on listening - Interference to listening:

learning styles
inferences and assumptions
lack of attention

12.PerceptionInterpretation of data; assigning meaning to message.

13.InferenceA logical conclusion based on data & past experience.

Conclusion may be logical, but not necessarily accurate.

14.Assumption

An explanation for inference which is taken as fact.
Something can be taken for granted as true even though it may not be proven as fact.
For example, “All kids love chocolate.”

15.JudgmentA personal belief is expressed; An evaluation is made.

This belief:

goes beyond logic and involves attitudes
relies on personal preferences or bias

We judge people, food, music, etc.

16.Values

Based on experiences and attitudes.
Passed on to us by our parents, teachers, friends, or religious leaders.
Help us decide what is right or wrong.
Individualized - we each have own set.
May have same value as others, but reasons for it are different.
Values directly effect our reasoning process - our perception and eventual judgment.

Summary:We observe life, reach logical conclusion based upon our past experience and assume that our inference in true. The decisions we make about how to interpret date and what data to compile and send are the result of our value system.

Examples:

Receptiona skinny cat is cryingReception______

Perceptionsomething is wrong with itPerception______

Inferencethe cat is starvingInference________

Assumptionthe cat has not been fed regularlyAssumption______

Judgmentthe owner is neglecting the catJudgment______

Valuepets should be cared forValue______

Receptionno eye contact from manReception______

Perceptionman is rudePerception______

Inferencehe is hiding somethingInference________

Assumptionhe is not honestAssumption______

JudgmentI will not trust himJudgment______

ValueDirect eye contact important in trustValue______

Two things that can enhance a speech and the speaker’s credibility/believability, yet can also detract from a speech if not employed properly. The following modes of communication can help or hurt a speech:

16.Verbal Communication Control in Public Speaking

volume (loud/soft)
cues (first, finally)
pitch (inflection, high/low, monotone)
articulation (clarity)
pronunciation (proper) - establish credibility
dialect (regional accents) - establish credibility - people assume make judgments about intelligence/education - Ebonics Central WI - ok in some situations but in formal settings (public speaking) and formal writings (essays/articles) not acceptable. Words spoken represent us just as clothes we wear show who we are.
rate (fast/slow)
pauses (emphasis) very effective except when too many or in form of “um” “er” and “ah”.

17.Nonverbal Communication Control in Public Speaking

personal appearance credibility
facial expression lots or lack of convey meaning (involuntary most meaningful)Examples:Smiles may not be socially acceptable in some countries or “OK” sign in Japan means money and in South America it is considered obscene.
posture/bodily action credibility & sincerity or laziness & lack in interestExamples : Meeting with boss arms crossed - wide distance-

degree of relaxation indicates liking or disliking. Lean back arms at side relaxed open comfortable

gestures must be natural and spontaneous
eye contact captures audience attention, enables you to see & respond to feedback.

Direct eye contact in U.S. seen as honest, confident, interested.

Varies though in Latin America children taught not to look elders in the eye.

space nonverbal communication

A.Four Zones Personal Space

1. intimate -close to 18”

2. personal - 18”-4’

3. social - 4’ - 12’

4. public - 12’ - 25 ‘

B. Space and Status - Spatial boundaries - Control and invasion of ` space. Example : cubicles vs office communicte power/status

Example: Corner office with windows vs. interior no windows

Example: U.S. cubicles with manager separated by office

Europe (France) managers desk in center of room - available.

Classroom arrangement of desks in circle vs rows.

Example - TOM sharing window * Larger office more important

18.Listening

A. Real Listening Means:

1. HEARING

2. PAYING ATTENTION

3. TRYING TO UNDERSTAND (COMPREHENSION)

B. Five Types of Listening

1.Appreciative - Music -For your listening pleasure.... pure selfish enjoyment

2.Active/Empathetic-Therapeutic counselors- Support and requires a response

3.Discriminative - Pause and concentrate - baby cry

4.Comprehensive - Concentrating to interpret meaning - learning

Listening to directions.

5.Critical- Analyze & evaluate message to make decision

C. Ineffective Listening Habits

1.listening too hard

2.not listening hard enough

3.drifting (distractions)

D. Effective Listening Habits

1.Prepare to listenWhat questions do you have about topic?

Sit to see and hear.

2.Control distractions Internal & External interference

Do not sit by people who distract you.

Eat breakfast or lunch.

Get a good nights sleep.

3.Don’t jump to conclusionsAvoid first impressions

19.Audience

A. Human Interests, Wants, Needs

1. Physical

2. Social

3. Financial

4. Intellectual

5. Moral/ethical/values

6. Spiritual

B. Identify Audience above all humans - below individuals or groups of

1. age6. knowledge

2. gender7. education

3. ethnicity8. religion

4. occupation9. income

5. affiliations/organizations 10. attitudes

20.Purposes of Communication

1. To INFORM

2. To PERSUADE

3. To ENTERTAIN

21.Four Types of Speeches

1. Manuscript - auto bio

2. Memory

3. Extemporaneous most common - this class

4. Impromptu

22.Speech Preparation

Four Steps to Overcoming Anxiety/Better Delivery

1. Prepare prep outline - know your topic

2. Prepare speaking outline

complete with pause, gesture, eye contact cues

3. Practice out loud in front of a mirror again, and again and again.

4. Practice timing. Slow down.

A woman had just opened the door to the apartment when a man appeared and demanded money. The tenant opened her purse. The contents of the purse spilled out on the floor. The man took the money and left. The tenant called the apartment manager.