Body Systems Study GuideName ______

1. Label the pictures with the correct level of organization and then list the levels in the correct order

/ List in order ofincreasing complexity
  1. Cell
  2. Tissue
  3. Organ
  4. Organ System
  5. Organism
/

2. There are many components in the nervous system. The brain is the control center of the nervous system. What are two components of the excretory system that *functions* at the same level as the brain?

Kidney and urinary bladder

3. Define homeostasis. What is an example of your body’s attempt to maintain homeostasis when you exercise?

Maintaining a constant internal condition, sweating to cool the body and lower the body’s temperature

4. What is a feedback loop? How do positive and negative feedback loops differ?

Senses conditions and sends messages to targets to change activity level

Positive: increases change away from normal conditions (disrupt homeostasis)*Intensify Stimulus*

Negative: counteracts changes to return to normal conditions (maintain homeostasis)

5. Describe the feedback loop that would occur if the blood pH was too low because of high CO2 levels. What type of feedback loop is this? *Chemoreceptors*

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which causes the blood to be more acidic, your body senses this, causing you to breathe more to remove the excess CO2 from your body. Negative feedback

6. A certain pesticide used for killing insects on strawberry plants is known to affect the white blood cell’s ability to fight disease. Which two body systems be affected if a person ate strawberries without washing them first? How?

Digestive and immune; the pesticide chemicals enter the digestive system through contaminated foods and impair the body’s ability to fight off *Pathogenic*

7. Complete the table with the correction function and organs for each body system.

System / Function / Major Organs and Tissues
Endocrine /
  • Maintain growth, reproduction, development and metabolism
  • Help maintain homeostasis through feedback loops
  • Produce and regulation hormones
/
  • Hormones
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenal Glands
  • Thyroid
  • Ovaries and Testes

Respiratory /
  • Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) Movement of the body
  • Muscular contractions
/
  • Lungs
  • Trachea
  • Nose
  • Bronchi

Muscular /
  • Movement of the body
  • Muscular contractions*Vigorous*
/
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
  • Tendons

Skeletal /
  • Support and protection
  • Store calcium
/
  • Bones
  • Ligaments

Reproductive /
  • To reproduce
  • Produce gametes
  • *Gestation*
/
  • Male: testicles/gonads, sperm
  • Female: ovaries, egg/ovum, uterus

Integumentary /
  • Protection
  • Maintain homeostasis
/
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Nails

Circulatory /
  • Transport resources throughout the body
  • *Blood, Plasma, pH, Chemoreceptors*
/
  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries

Immune /
  • To protect the body from pathogens
  • *Pathogenic*
/
  • White blood cells
  • Thymus
  • Spleen

Digestive /
  • Break down food
  • absorb nutrients/minerals
/
  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small and Large Intestine

Excretory /
  • To remove liquid wastes
  • Help maintain homeostasis
  • Aid in thermoregulation – sweating
/
  • Bladder
  • Kidney
  • Ureter
  • Urethra

Nervous /
  • Send messages to the body
  • Responds to stimuli
  • Reflexes
  • *Impulse*
/
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Nerves (sensory and motor)

8. Which body systems are interacting in the following pictures?


Coyote chasing roadrunner / Muscular, skeletal, respiratory, circulatory, nervous

Sweating on a hot day / Integumentary, excretory, nervous

Eating a hamburger / Muscular, digestive, skeletal, circulatory

Protecting the body from pathogens / Integumentary, immune, circulatory

Hand touching a hot object / Nervous, integumentary, muscular, skeletal

Shivering on a cold day / Integumentary, muscular, nervous

10.If this graph represents the sequence of events that control internal body temperature, how would you describe the body’s response to a rapid change in external (environmental) conditions?An internal feedback mechanism works to maintain homeostasis: If the temperature is too hot, the body sweats to cool down. If the temperature is too cool, the body shivers to warm up.

/ Involuntary (reflex) response: impulse is transmitted to the spinal cord’s sensory neurons, which immediately causes various muscles to contract in order to move away from the harmful object
/ Voluntary (normal) response: impulse is transmitted through motor neurons to the brain and the brain tells the muscles to move

11. How does a reflex differ from a normal response to a stimulus?*Reflex, conditioned, learned, impulse, voluntary*

12. Matching: Match the scientific prefix or suffix with its meaning

___b____ -syntha. heart

___d____ poly-b. to make

___a____ cardio-c. same

___c____ homo-/homeo-d. many

13. You are working on a lab in your biology class. What safety equipment do you need to have on? What should you do if an accident occurs during the lab?

  • Goggles, apron
  • Tell your teacher

14. Define the following terms related to experimental design:

Independent variable – the variable that is being changed

Dependent variable – the response to the independent variable; the thing being measured

Constants – the factors that are kept the same between experiments