In the United States, Americans had the freedom to create and make decisions about their own businesses. In this free-enterprise system, Americans had the freedom to keep their profits and private property. Many used their profits to buy new technology. In the early 1800’s, new technology allowed people to produce goods with machines, rather than by hand. This change is called the Industrial Revolution. It began in Great Britain and spread to the United States.

Americans began utilizing steam engine powered looms, like the spinning jenny, to spin thread into cloth very quickly. In order to maximize profits, entrepreneurs brought workers and machines under one roof in a factory to manufacture textiles and other goods. This was known as the factory system. Factories used machines that could be operated by anyone, including unskilled workers, women and children. The use of interchangeable parts helped manufacturers assemble products even more cheaply. Factories now mass produced goods.

With these innovations, more and more factories were built in the Northern United States. People from the country-side, as well as immigrants from Europe, moved to Northern cities to get factory jobs. As a result, cities got bigger. This process is known as urbanization.

In the South, new machines increased the rate at which agricultural goods could be produced. For example, the steel-tipped plow reduced the amount of labor needed to plow a field. However, the cotton gin was the most important invention for the plantations of the South. It was a simple machine that quickly removed the seeds from cotton. Using this invention, a single worker could clean as much cotton as 50 laborers working by hand. Within ten years, cotton was the South’s most important crop. Eli Whitney had hoped his invention would decrease the work of slaves. Instead, it made slavery more important to the South.

The United States also industrialized in transportation. The steam engine led to the inventions of the steamboat and the locomotive. These new methods of transportation allowed goods to be transported faster, cheaper, and more efficiently. Thanks to the Industrial Revolution, American consumers now had access to more goods than ever before!

WORDS TO KNOW

free-enterprise system

interchangeable

invention

urbanization

Industrial Revolution

technology

steam engine

manufacture

textiles

factory system

cotton gin

steamboat

profits

private property

mass produced

MODEL by TEACHER:

Match the word to the picture.

Word Bank:
small town urbanization invention replica interchangeable
unique economy free- enterprise

______/
______

______/
______

Clarifying Words With Multiple Meanings:

Definitions for the word Profit

  1. There was a rise in profits for the company this year.______
  2. It would profit him to take computer classes. ______

Which definition goes with which sentence? Explain why?

  1. Profit: money that is made in a business after all costs are paid.
  2. Profit: advantage or benefit that is gained from doing something.

Definitions for the word technology

  1. Recent advances in medical technology have saved many lives.______
  2. The car has the latest fuel saving technology. ______

Which definition goes with which sentence? Explain why?

  1. technology:a machine, piece of equipment, or method that is created by technology .
  2. technology: the use of science in industry to invent useful things or solve problems.

Definitions for the word manufacture

  1. We are developing new methods to manufacture cars.______
  2. He manufactured a lie in order to get out of trouble. ______

Which definition goes with which sentence? Explain why?

  1. manufacture: to make something in large amounts by using machines.
  2. manufacture: to create using your imagination in order to trick someone .

Write a sentence using the words: profit, technology, and manufacture. Share your sentence with your partner.

I manufactured fake evidence to prove that people do not profit from technology.

Three ways to figure out what words mean independently ( by yourself)

  1. Context Clues- Read the sentence before, and after the word and try to find clues or examples that explain the unknown word.

“In the early 1800’s, new technology allowed people to produce goods with machines, rather than by hand. This change is called the Industrial Revolution.”

Industrial Revolution means: ______.

“In order to maximize profits, entrepreneurs brought workers and machines under one roof in a factory to manufacture textiles and other goods. This was known as the factory system. Factories used machines that could be operated by anyone, including unskilled workers, women and children. “

Factory system is ______.

“However, the cotton gin was the most important invention for the plantations of the South. It was a simple machine that quickly removed the seeds from cotton.”

cotton gin is ______.

2. Word Parts- sometimes in a larger word you can find a root word. A Root ward is a simple word that you already know. You can predict what a word means by thinking about the root word.

Let’s look at the word unreachable. un/ reach/ able- the root word is reach.

Reach means to moving your hand to try to grab something.

able- means you can do something. So, reach- able means I can use my hand to grab something. un- means not or cannot. So, un- reachable- means I cannot use my hand to grab something.

Break the following words apart to find the root word.

  1. transportation- ______.
  2. steamboat- ______.
  3. locomotion- ______.

Word Parts Chart

Verbs- Action / Nouns- person, place or thing / Adjectives- words to describe nouns / Adverbs- words to describe action
transport / transportation / X / X
profit / profit / profitable / profitably
urbanize / urbanization / urbanized / X
manufacture / manufacturer / manufacturable / X
assemble / assembly / assembled / X
mass produce / mass production / mass-produced / X
Sentence from the Original Text / Rewritten sentence

3. Cognates- are words in two languages that share a common origin. Sometimes words in spanish are similar to words in English. You can learn new English words if you first ask yourself- what word is that in Spanish?

industry ( english) : industria (spanish)

Re-read the story of the Industrial Revolution and find English words that are cognates of these spanish words.

1.______: privado

2.______: propiedad

3.______: empresa

4. ______: tecnologia

5. ______: revolucion

6. ______: producir

7.______: transporte

8. ______: textil

9. ______: invencion

10.______: urbano