Sources 14 Harris
Sources of Primary & Secondary Selections
The Scientific Revolution: Evidence & Arguments
Chapter 1) Euclidean Geometry
Primary
Iamblichus, On the Pythagorean Life, trans. by Gillian Clark. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1989. Pp. 23-28, 48-54.
Euclid. “The Thirteen Books of Euclid’s Elements,” Great Books of the Western World, vol. II, Sir Thomas Heath, trans. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1952. . Pp. 1-2, 4, 9-10, 24, 27-28, 74-75, 123, 375, 395-396.
Alberti, Leon Battista. “Prologue” & “Book One,” On Painting, John R. Spencer, trans. New Haven: Yale University Press. Pp. 39-40, 43, 46-48, 51-53, 55-59.
Nicholas of Cusa. Of Learned Ignorance, trans. Fr. Germain Heron, O.F.M, Ph.D. Westport Connecticut: Hyperion Press, Inc., 1979. Pp. 7-9, 25-39.
Dee, John. The Mathematical Preface to the Elements of Geometrie of Euclid of Megara (1570), ed. & introduction Allen G. Debus. New York: Science History Publications, 1975. Pp. 1-55.
Blancanus, Josephus [Guiseppe Biancani] S.J., “A Treatise On The Nature Of Mathematics Along With A Chronology Of Outstanding Mathematicians (Bologna, 1615)”, in Paolo Mancosu, Philosophy of Mathematics & Mathematical Practice in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. 184-203.
Descartes, René. The Geometry, trans. David Eugene Smith & Marcia L. Latham. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1954. Pp. 2-26.
Secondary
Swerdlow, Noel M. “The Recovery of the Exact Sciences of Antiquity: Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography,” Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture, Anthony Grafton, ed. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Pp. 125-168.
Debus, Allen G. “Introduction,” The mathematicall praeface to the Elements of geometrie of Euclid of Megara (1570). New York: Science History Publications, 1975. Pp. 1-25.
Mancosu, Paolo. “The Quaestio de Certitudine Mathematicarum,” Philosophy of Mathematics & Mathematical Practice in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. 8-28.
Grosholz, Emily R. “Descartes's Geometry and Pappus’ Problem,” Cartesian Method and the Problem of Reduction, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. 15-25, 38-50.
Chapter 2) Ptolemaic Astronomy
Primary
Ptolemy, Claudius. Ptolemy's Almagest, trans. G. J. Toomer. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984. Pp. 35-47, 422-423.
Copernicus, Nicolas. On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres, Charles Glenn Wallis, trans. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1995. Pp. 505-529.
Brahe, Tycho. “Of the Discovery of the Place of Space ...” Nature and Nature’s Laws, M. Hall, ed. New York: Walker & Co, 1970. [Original translation by A. Rupert and Marie Boas Hall, “On the Most Recent Phenomena of the Aetherial World,” Occasional Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society, III, no. 21 (1959), pp. 257-263. Tycho Brahe. De Mundi aetherei recentoribus phaenomenis. Uraniborg, 1588.] Pp. 58-66.
Kepler, Johannes. “Mysterium Cosmographicum, Preface & Chap. 1,” Mysterium Cosmographicum, The Secret of the Universe, A. M. Duncan, ed., Introduction and Commentary by E.J. Aiton. New York: Abaris Books, 1981. Pp. 49, 63-69, 75-85.
Kepler, Johannes. “Introduction,” New Astronomy Based upon Causes or Celestial Physics, treated by means of commentaries on the Motion of the Star Mars from the Observations of Tycho Brahe . . . Worked out at Prague in a tenacious study lasting many years, William H. Donahue, trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. 45-68.
Galileo. Sidereus Nuncius, or The Sidereal Messenger, trans., with intro, conclusion, & notes by Albert van Helden. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Pp. 35-45, 64-68, 84-86.
Hooke, Robert. An Attempt to Prove the Motion of the Earth from Observations. London, 1674. Pp. 1-5, 25, 27-28.
Newton, Isaac. The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, I. Bernard Cohen, trans. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Pp. 381-383, 403-418, 793-810, 817-821, 939-944. (35 pp.) Newton, Isaac. The Principia: Volume II, The System of the World, trans. Andrew Motte, revised by Florian Cajori. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1934. Pp. 3549-554
Secondary
Swerdlow, Noel and Otto Neugebauer. “Arabic Astronomy and the Maragha School” & “Early Period to the Writing of the Commentariolus,” Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus’s ‘De Revolutionibus’. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1984. Pp. 41-49, 54-64
Holton, Gerald. "Johannes Kepler's Universe: Its Physics and Metaphysics," in his Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973. Pp. 69-90.
Biagioli, Mario. “Replication or Monopoly? The Economies of Invention and Discovery in Galileo’s Observations of 1610,” Science in Context, 2000, 13: 547-590.
Koyré, “An Unpublished Letter of Hooke to Newton,” Isis, 1952, 312-337.
Koyré, “The Significance of the Newtonian Synthesis,” Newtonian Studies, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. Pp. 3-24.
Chapter 3) Aristotelian Natural Philosophy
Primary
Aristotle. “Metaphysica, Book I, Chaps. 1-2,” The Basic Works of Aristotle, R. McKeon, ed. New York: Random House, 1941. Pp. 689-693; 218, 236-241, 247-248, 250-251.
Aristotle. “Physica, Book 1, Ch. 1; Book II, Ch. 1-3, 7, 8,” The Basic Works of Aristotle, R. McKeon, ed. New York: Random House, 1941. Pp. 689-693; 218, 236-241, 247-248, 250-251.
Aristotle. “De Physica, Book IV, Chaps. 6-9,” The Basic Works of Aristotle, R. McKeon, ed. New York: Random House, 1941. Pp. 280-289.
Aristotle. “De Caelo [On the Heavens], Book I, Chaps. 9-12,” The Basic Works of Aristotle, R. McKeon, ed. New York: Random House, 1941. Pp. 413- 428.
Conimbricenses [Jesuit Commentators]. “Whether or Not God Exists Beyond the Sky,” A Source Book in Medieval Science, Edward Grant, ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974. Pp. 560-562.
Boyle, Robert “Considerations and Experiments Touching the Origin of Origin of Qualities & Forms: The Theoretical Part (The Origin of Forms and Qualities According to the Corpuscular Philosophy), Selected Philosophical Papers of Robert Boyle, ed. M. Stewart. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979. Pp. 19-31.
Clarke, Samuel. The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence, H. G. Alexander, ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1956. Pp. 11-35.
[Or
Leibniz, G. W. & Samuel Clarke. Correspondence, Roger Ariew, ed. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2000. Pp. 4-28.]
Secondary
Kristeller, Paul Oskar. “The Humanist Movement” & “The Aristotelian Tradition,” Renaissance Thought and Its Sources. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979. Pp. 21-32, 32-49.
Grant, Edward. “Aristotelianism and the Longevity of the Medieval World View,” History of Science, 1978, 16: 93-106.
Hutchison, Keith. “What Happened to Occult Qualities in the Scientific Revolution?,” Isis, 1982, 73: 233-253.
Bertoloni Meli, Dominico. “Caroline, Leibniz, and Clarke,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 1999, 60: 469-486.
Chapter 4) Epistemology & Methodology: Sources & Standards of Scientific Knowledge
Primary
[Aristotle, “Metaphysics, ”“Categories,” “Posterior Analytics”]
Sanches, Francisco. “That Nothing is Known,” Descartes’ Meditations: Background Source Materials, Roger Ariew, John Cottingham, and Tom Sorell, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. 8-23.
Bacon, Francis. “The Great Instauration” & “Aphorisms XXXI-LXV [Four Idols],” The New Organon and Related Writings, ed. Fulton H. Anderson. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1960. Pp. 3-4, 46-62.
Descartes, René. “Mathesis universalis,” René Descartes Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, Rules for the Direction of the Natural Intelligence, ed. and trans. George Heffernan. Amsterdam-Atlanta: Rodopi, 1998. Pp. 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93,95, 97 (English trans. only).
Descartes, René. “Meditations One-Three,” Meditations on First Philosophy, Donald A. Cress, trans. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1998. Pp. 57-73.
Galileo. “The Assayer,” Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo, trans. Stillman Drake. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1957. Pp. 237-238, 264-279.
Newton, Isaac. The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, I. Bernard Cohen, trans. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Pp. 795-796.
Secondary
Sargent, Rose-Mary. “Bacon as an advocate for cooperative scientific research, “ The Cambridge Companion to Bacon, Markku Peltonen, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 146-171.
Wallace, William A. “Aristotelian Influences on Galileo’s Thought,” Galileo, the Jesuits, and the Medieval Aristotle. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain: Ashgate, 1991. Pp. 349-403 (reprinted from Aristelismo Veneto e Scienza Moderna, Luigi Olivier, ed. Vol. I. Padova: Editrice Antenore, 1983).
Ariew, Roger. “Descartes among the Scholastics,” Descartes and the Last Scholastics.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. 7-38.
Chapter 5) Ancient Atomism & Early Modern Mechanism
Primary
Lucretius. “Books I & II,” On the Nature of the Things, Anthony Esolen, trans. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Pp. 26-41 [= 6 pp.]; 57-70 [=5 pp.]
Descartes, René. “Part II: Of the Principles of Material Objects; Part IV: Of the Earth; Principles of Philosophy, trans. with Notes by Valentine Rodger Miller and Reese P. Miller. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company, 1983. Pp. 46-51, 55-62, 89-96, 110-111, 118-119, 191-193, 200-203. 242-246, 282-288.
Gassendi/Charleton, Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana: or a Fabrick of Science Natural, upon the Hypothesis of Atoms (London, 1654). New York: Johnson Reprint Company, 1966. Pp. 1-5, 103-126, 131-135, 261-264, 341-347.
Boyle, Robert. The Sceptical Chymist. London: Dutton & Co., 1964. Pp. 199-225.
Newton, Isaac. “Queries,” Newton’s Philosophy of Nature: Selections from His Writings, H. S. Thayer, ed. New York: Hafner Press, 1953 & 1974. Pp. 135, 139, 141, 164, 168-169, 173-174, 175-179. [From Newton’s Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light. London, 1704.]
Leibniz, G.W. “A New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances, and of the Union of the Soul and Body (1695),” in Philosophical Essays, Roger Ariew & Daniel Garber, eds. & trans. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1989. Pp. 138-144.
Secondary
Boas, “The Mechanical Philosophy”
Bennett, J. A. “The Mechanics’ Philosophy and the Mechanical Philosophy,” History of Science, 1986, 24: 1-28.
Newman, William R. “The Corpuscular Theory of J.B. Van Helmont and His Medieval Sources,” Vivarium, 1993, 1: 161-181
and/or
Newman, William R. “Tradition, Transmission, Transformation, F. Jamil Ragep & Sally P. Ragep, eds. Leiden: Brill, 1996. Pp. 175-198.
Chapter 6) Experimental Philosophy
Primary
Porta, J. B. Natural Magick, (English translation of 1658). New York, 1957. Pp. (unpaginated Preface, ca. 3 pp.), 1-4, 8-10, 16-17, 162, 211-212, 233, 248-249, 361, 368-369.
Gilbert, William. De Magnete (1600), trans. P. Fleury Mottelay. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958. Pp. 1-3, 22-27, 64-71, 105-111, 308-312.
Bacon, Francis. “New Organon, Book II,” The New Organon and Related Writings, ed. With intro by Fulton H. Anderson. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing, 1960. Pp. 130-135, 142-146, 148, 151-159.
Galileo. “Day Two: 8. Vertical Fall, Superposition of Motions [Ship Thought Experiment], and the Role of Experiments,” Galileo on the World Systems, trans. ed. by Maurice A. Finocchiaro. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. 155-170.
Guericke, Otto von. “Book II, Chaps. 1-4; & Book III, Individual Experiments,” The New (So-Called) Magdeburg Experiments, Margaret Glover Foley Ames, trans. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1993. Pp. 83-91, 99-102, 111-114, 117-121, 125-128, 160-164.
Boyle, Robert. “Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air,” A Defense of the Doctrine Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, London, 1662. Pp. (unpaginated Preface, 8 pp.), 48-51, 57-68.
Newcastle, Margaret (Cavendish). “To the Two Universities,” The Philosophical and Physical Opinions, London, 1655.
Newcastle, Margaret (Cavendish). Observations upon Experimental Philosophy. London, 1666. Pp. 5-7, [repagination in ‘Further Observations . . . ] 1-7. 10-16.
Secondary
Hansen, Bert. “The Complementarity of Science and Magic before the Scientific Revolution,” American Scientist, 1986, 74: 128-136.
Dear, Peter. “Experience and Jesuit Mathematical Science: The Practical Importance of Methodology,” Discipline & Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Pp. 32-62.
Wallace, William A. “Galileo and Aristotle in the Dialogo,” Galileo, the Jesuits, and the Medieval Aristotle. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain: Ashgate, 1991. Pp. 311-332 (reprinted from Angelicum, 1983, 60: 311-332).
Shapin, Steven and Simon Schaffer. “Understanding Experiment,” Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. Pp. 3-21.
Kuhn, Thomas S. “Mathematical versus Experimental Traditions in the Development of Physical Science,” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 1976, 7: 1-31. Reprinted in Essential Tension, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977, pp. 31-65.
Chapter 7) Ancients & Moderns
Primary
Pascal, Blaise. “Preface to the Treatise on the Vacuum,” The Provincial Letters, Pensées, Scientific Treatises, Richard Scofield trans. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952. Pp. 355-358.
Gassendi/Charleton. “Four General Orders”, Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana: or a Fabrick of Science Natural, upon the Hypothesis of Atoms (London, 1654). New York: Johnson Reprint Company, 1966. Pp. 1-5.
Sprat, Thomas. The History of the Royal-Society of London, for the Improving of Natural Knowledge. London, 1667. Pp. ??-??
Wotton, William. “Of Ancient and Modern Histories of Plants, Of Ancient and Modern Natural Philosophy,” Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning. London, 1694. Pp. 252-263, 299-310.
Craig, John. “Of Ancient and Modern Geometry and Arithmetic,” in William Wotton, Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning. London, 1694. Pp. 160-168.
Leibniz, “Against Barbaric Physics (1710-16?),” Philosophical Essays, Roger Ariew & Daniel Garber, eds. & trans. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1989. Pp. 312-320.
Voltaire. “On Chancellor Bacon,” “On Descartes and Newton,” “On the system of attraction,” Philosophical Letters, Ernest Dilworth trans. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961. Pp. 46-51, 61-65.
Secondary
Barker, Peter & Roger Ariew. “Introduction: Revolution and Continuity,” Revolution and Continuity: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Early Modern Science. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1991. Pp. 1-18.
Cunningham, Andrew & Perry Williams. “De-centering the ‘Big Picture’: The Origins of Modern Science and the Modern Origins of Science,” British Journal for the History of Science, 1993, 26: 407-432.
Gingerich, Owen. “‘Crisis’ versus Aesthetics in the Copernican Revolution,” Vistas in Astronomy, 1975, 17: 85-95.
Hatfield, Gary. “Was the Scientific Revolution Really a Revolution in Science?,” Tradition, Transmission, Transformation, F. Jamil Ragep & Sally P. Ragep, eds. Leiden & New York: E. J. Brill, 1996. Pp. 489-525.
Koyré, Alexandre. "Galileo and the Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century," Philosophical Review, 1943, 52: 333-348, (reprinted in Metaphysics and Measurement, M.A. Hoskin, ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968, pp. 1-15).
Kuhn, Thomas S. “What are Scientific Revolutions?” The Probabilistic Revolution, L. Krüger, L. Daston, M. Heidelberger, eds. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987. Pp. 7-12, 19-21.
Rashed, R. “Science as a Western Phenomenon,” Fundamenta Scientiae, 1980, 1: 7-21.
Schuster, John A. "The Scientific Revolution," in Companion to History of Modern Science, Olby, R.C., G.N. Cantor, J.R.R. Christie, & M.J.S. Hodge, eds. London: Routledge, 1990. Pp. 217-242.