Study Guide for Chapter 11 in Fox

Study Guide for Chapter 11 in Fox

1.  I suggested that you make up 3 x 5 index cards. Put the name of a hormone on one side and put 4 things on the other side: Tissue of origin, stimulus for release, target tissue, Response of target tissue to hormone.

2.  What is the definition of a hormone (H)?

3.  What is a “target tissue” (TT)?

4.  What does the TT do that makes it a TT for a hormone?

5.  What is the difference between an “exocrine gland.” and an “endocrine gland”?

6.  What are some of the “classic” endocrine glands? (Fig 11.1)

7.  Today we know that most tissues produce ______s.

8.  What are “neurohormones”?

9.  Hormones affect the ______of their TT

10.  We can “classify” hormones (H) in 2 ways: by their chemical structure and by their actions in TT

11.  What are the 2 types of “lipid soluble” Hormones? What glands produce them?

12.  When looking at Fig. 11.2, understand why different tissues release different steroids even though the metabolic pathway could go all the way from cholesterol to estradiol-17B.

13.  Be able to discuss the structure of thyroxine and what its parent molecule is.

14.  When we use the terms “Pro-“ or “Pre-hormone” what is meant?

15.  Why are only some tissues the TT for a particular hormone?

16.  What do the terms “synergistic”, “permissive” and “antagonistic” mean with respect to H interactions?

17.  When we say a H has a ½ life of 3 days, what do we mean?

18.  In what ways did I tell you H are removed from the blood?

19.  What is the “Priming Effect” (upregulation)?

20.  What is “desensitization” or “downregulation”?

21.  Read the “Fitness” box concerning “Anabolic Steroids”.

Mechanics of H action: The 2 mechanisms of “Non-polar” (lipophilic) H.

22.  Why do steroids and thyroxine need a carrier protein in the plasma?

23.  Be able to understand and describe what is shown in figures: 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, & 11.7

24.  Where are the receptor proteins for steroids located? For Thyroxine?

What does “dimerization” mean?

25.  What are “2nd messengers”? i.e. What do they do? Where are they formed?

26.  What are the 1st messengers?

27.  Re-study the “adenylate cyclase –cAMP system, especially as shown in Fig 11.8 This system is the same as the ______receptor system (Ch 7)

28.  What is phosphodiesterase.

29.  Learn the “Phospholipase C-Ca++” system, especially as shown in Fig. 11.9. This is also known as the ______receptor system.

30.  The membrane phospholipids are split into ______& ______

31.  Study Fig 11.10

32.  What Hormone binds to the “Tyrosine Kinase” receptor?

33.  What are the responses of tissues to insulin? i.e. what does insulin cause to happen?

34.  What is “autophosphorylation”?

35.  Study Fig 11.11 and Fig.11.12(not in 9th ed.)

Pituitary Gland Fig. 11.13 (Fig. 11.12 in 9th ed.)

36.  This gland Is also called the ______

37.  It has 2 parts the 1st is ______or ______and the 2nd is ______or ______

38.  Learn both of the names and the actions of the 6 Anterior Pit. Hormones.

39.  What are their TT and the response of the TT to these 6?

40.  What is MSH? What does it do?

41.  What is “Pituitary Dwarfism”? Gigantism? What is the cause of both?

42.  What are the 2 H from the Post. Pit.? Where are they produced? What causes their release?

43.  Why is the Pituitary no longer called the “Master Gland” of the body?

The Adrenal Gl.

44.  What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex?

45.  What are the names of the 3 types of H produced by the Ad. Cortex. Know a specific name for each type.

46.  How does Cushing Syndrome differ from Addison’s D?

47.  Who was Hans Selye and what did he discover about stress?

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

48.  What are the names of the 2 types of cells that make up most of the Thyroid?

49.  The major structures found in the Thyroid are called ______s.

50.  What is found in the lumen of these structures?

51.  What are the 2 major actions that Thyroxine causes in its TT?

52.  What mineral is important for thyroxine?

53.  What happens if a person has too little of this mineral in their diet? A person who has this condition is said to be ______

54.  What is Calcitonin? Where does it come from? What does it do?

55.  What is “Graves Disease”? A person who has it is said to be ______

56.  What is a “Toxic” goiter? What are some of its symptoms?

57.  What is “Cretinism”? What causes it?

58.  Where are the Parathyroid Glands located? What do they produce? In response to what?

59.  What action does PTH have in our body?

The Pancreas and Others

60.  The pancreas is both a ______gl. And a ______gl.

61.  The endocrine portion is located in the ______s of ______

62.  What are the 2 major types of cells found in this portion?

63.  What H does each cell type produce? What is the stimulus for release of each?

64.  What is the TT for Glucagon and what action does it have on its TT?

65.  What are some of the TT for insulin? What is its major action on them?

66.  What are some of the characteristics of D. Mellitus?

67.  Know a little about the Pineal Gl. And the Thymus Gl. Of what importance is each to us?

68.  Study the section on the Gonads and Placenta. Learn the information in the italicized print.

69.  What is hCG? What is important about it (2 things)?

70.  What is an “autocrine”? (Definition). Give the name of a specific one.

71.  What is a “paracrine”? (Definition). Give the name of a specific one.

72.  What are Eicosanoids? What are Prostaglandins? From what molecule are they made?

73.  What is the abbreviated name for “cyclooxygenase:?

74.  What are NSAIDS?