Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
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Chapter 18
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The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity
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Multiple-Choice Questions
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1)
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Which of the following statements about the mimic octopus is true?
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A)
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Octopuses and other invertebrates are simple, primitive life forms.
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B)
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Octopuses, as invertebrates, have complex chemistry and structure but their behavior is very simple.
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C)
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Octopuses have only one defense against predators: spraying an ink cloud.
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D)
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Octopuses can have complex and highly adaptive chemistry, structure, and behaviors.
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E)
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The mimic octopus sometimes acts like a harmless rock to avoid detection by predators.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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Opening Essay
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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2)
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All animals
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A)
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are unicellular.
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B)
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are prokaryotic.
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C)
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are heterotrophic.
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D)
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have cell walls made of chitin.
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E)
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obtain food by absorption.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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3)
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Typical animal embryos have ______, or external cell layer, and ______, which lines the digestive tract.
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A)
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an ectoderm . . . a blastula
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B)
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an ectoderm . . . an endoderm
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C)
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an endoderm . . . an ectoderm
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D)
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a blastula . . . a gastrula
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E)
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a mesoderm . . . a gastrula
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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4)
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Which of the following is true of a typical animal?
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A)
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Hox genes play important roles in the development of the organism from zygote to adult.
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B)
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The organism requires carbon dioxide as an essential nutrient.
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C)
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The cell walls are diverse in structure but are composed of chitin.
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D)
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The main life stage is haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis.
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E)
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The haploid larvae develop into diploid adults.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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18.1
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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5)
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Animals probably evolved from
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A)
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plants.
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B)
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protists.
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C)
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fungi.
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D)
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lichens.
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E)
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bacteria.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.2
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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6)
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During the Cambrian explosion approximately 542 million years ago,
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A)
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all modern species of animals suddenly appeared over a period of about one year.
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B)
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animals rapidly diversified in the oceans over a period of about 1 million years.
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C)
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animals rapidly diversified in the oceans over a period of about 15 million years.
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D)
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a massive volcanic eruption nearly wiped out life on Earth.
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E)
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great forests produced peat layers that were later transformed into coal.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.2
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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7)
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Which of the following is considered a likely explanation for the events of the Cambrian explosion?
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A)
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Complex predator-prey relationships and increased atmospheric oxygen levels promoted animal diversification.
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B)
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Complex predator-prey relationships and increased atmospheric oxygen levels led to a mass extinction event.
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C)
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A great surge of volcanic activity was triggered by significant movements of the continental plates and possibly by an asteroid impact.
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D)
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Solar flares led to increased UV radiation intensity, which in turn promoted a high rate of mutation. This led to rapid diversification of animals.
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E)
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The massive growth of swamp vegetation depleted the atmosphere's carbon dioxide and eventually cooled the Earth's climate.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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18.2
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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8)
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Most of the animals alive today
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A)
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are vertebrates.
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B)
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are invertebrates.
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C)
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are choanoflagellates.
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D)
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are really colonies of protist cells.
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E)
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are unicellular.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.2
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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9)
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Which of the following animals displays radial symmetry?
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A)
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a worm
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B)
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a sea anemone
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C)
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a fish
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D)
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a lobster
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E)
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an alligator
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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10)
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Which of the following items demonstrates radial symmetry?
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A)
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a glove
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B)
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a pencil
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C)
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a tennis racket
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D)
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a pair of sunglasses
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E)
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an apple pie
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Answer:
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E
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Application
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11)
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Organisms with true radial symmetry
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A)
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have their sense organs, mouth, and brain clustered in the head.
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B)
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tend to be highly mobile.
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C)
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are capable of directed movement in two dimensions.
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D)
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do not have a distinct head region and tend to be sedentary or passive drifters.
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E)
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can be divided into two matching halves along only one plane.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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12)
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Which of the following structures best represents a hydrostatic skeleton?
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A)
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an empty coffee mug
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B)
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a spoon
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C)
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a piece of M & M candy
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D)
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a glass marble
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E)
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a water balloon
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Answer:
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E
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Application
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13)
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A true coelom is best described as
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A)
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the space between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
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B)
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a body cavity that is fully lined by tissue derived from the mesoderm.
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C)
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a body cavity that is lined by tissues derived from the mesoderm on one side and the endoderm on the other.
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D)
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any body cavity that functions to cushion the internal organs and give them space for growth and movement.
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E)
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any body cavity that functions to provide a rigid structure against which muscles contract.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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14)
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A dog's head is at its ______end and its belly is its ______surface.
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A)
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posterior . . . dorsal
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B)
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anterior . . . dorsal
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C)
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posterior . . . ventral
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D)
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anterior . . . ventral
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E)
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radial . . . bilateral
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Application
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15)
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In protostomes,
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A)
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the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the mouth.
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B)
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the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the anus.
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C)
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there is no body cavity.
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D)
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there is no endoderm.
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E)
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there is no ectoderm.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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16)
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Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is true?
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A)
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Deuterostomes lack true tissues.
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B)
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Deuterostomes have only two tissue layers.
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C)
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The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the anus.
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D)
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The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the mouth.
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E)
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Deuterostomes always lack a body cavity.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.3
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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17)
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Which of the following are not included among the Eumetazoans, which have true tissues?
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A)
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sea stars (Echinodermata)
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B)
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earthworms (Annelida)
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C)
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sea anemones (Cnidaria)
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D)
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octopus (Mollusca)
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E)
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sponges (Porifera)
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Answer:
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E
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Topic:
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18.4
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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18)
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Which of the following are not included among the Bilateria, a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry at some stage of development?
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A)
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sea stars (Echinodermata)
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B)
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earthworms (Annelida)
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C)
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sea anemones (Cnidaria)
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D)
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octopus (Mollusca)
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E)
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lizards (Chordata)
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.4
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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19)
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The ______is a flagellated cell that sweeps water through a sponge's body.
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A)
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choanocyte
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B)
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amoebocyte
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C)
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spicule
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D)
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spongin
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E)
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sessile body
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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18.5
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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20)
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A typical sponge is best described as
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A)
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a slow-moving suspension feeder with a true coelom.
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B)
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a sessile suspension feeder with bilateral symmetry.
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C)
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a slow-moving carnivore with no true tissues or symmetry.
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D)
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a sessile suspension feeder with no true tissues or body symmetry.
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E)
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a slow-moving carnivore with bilateral symmetry.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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18.5
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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21)
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How do sponges transport nutrients within their bodies?
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A)
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They have simple digestive and circulatory systems composed of spongin channels.
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B)
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They rely on diffusion to move nutrients between their cells.
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C)
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Their mobile amoebocytes transport food molecules from cell to cell.
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D)
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They are not able to transport nutrients. They are autotrophs, so each cell absorbs its own nutrients and produces its own food.
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E)
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They are not able to transport nutrients within their bodies, but must independently absorb all necessary nutrients from the surrounding water.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.5
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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22)
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Which of the following statements regarding cnidarians is true?
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A)
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Cnidarians have three true tissue layers.
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B)
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The digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the gastrovascular cavity.
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C)
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The more stationary cnidarian body form, which is cylindrical with a ring of tentacles, is the medusa.
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D)
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The umbrella-shaped cnidarian body form that is able to move about freely in the water is a polyp.
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E)
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Cnidarians are herbivores and can be destructive grazers on seaweeds.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.6
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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23)
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Coral reefs are
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A)
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shells of Mollusca that have been converted to rock by geological processes.
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B)
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dead bodies of coral animals (Cnidaria).
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C)
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hard external skeletons secreted by coral animals (Cnidaria).
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D)
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marine rocks that often are used as attachment places by Cnidaria.
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E)
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hardened sugars that are secreted by algae.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.6
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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24)
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While wading in the ocean, you look down into the water and notice an umbrella-shaped, translucent animal. It swims by pulsing its body, and long tentacles trail behind it. One of them brushes your leg. Ouch! You feel a burning sensation where it touched you. To what phylum does this creature probably belong?
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A)
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Porifera
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B)
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Cnidaria
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C)
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Platyhelminthes
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D)
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Nematoda
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E)
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Mollusca
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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18.6
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Skill:
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Application
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25)
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Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are ______and typically have ______.
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A)
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radially symmetrical . . . no digestive system
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B)
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bilaterally symmetrical . . . a true coelom
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C)
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bilaterally symmetrical . . . a gastrovascular cavity with one opening
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D)
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bilaterally symmetrical . . . a complete digestive tract with a mouth and anus
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E)
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all parasites . . . no digestive system
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.7
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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26)
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Tapeworms are similar to fungi because
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A)
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they have cell walls made of chitin.
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B)
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they feed by ingestion.
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C)
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they are sessile autotrophs.
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D)
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they feed by absorption.
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E)
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they inhabit marine, damp terrestrial, and freshwater habitats.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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18.1,18.7
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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27)
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A bilaterally symmetrical, wormlike animal that has a pseudocoelom, a complete digestive tract, and a cuticle could be a member of which one of the following phyla?
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A)
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Cnidaria
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B)
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Platyhelminthes
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C)
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Annelida
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D)
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Nematoda
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E)
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Chordata
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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18.8
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Skill:
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Application
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28)
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The digestive tract of a nematode is most like which of the following?
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A)
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a hot dog
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B)
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a sock
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C)
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a soda straw
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D)
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a cup
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E)
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a baseball
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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18.8
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Skill:
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Application
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29)
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Which of the following is a typical characteristic of molluscs?
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A)
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a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening
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B)
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a sessile lifestyle
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C)
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an internal skeleton and segmented body plan
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D)
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three main parts of the body: head, trunk, and tail
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E)
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a rasping organ called the radula
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Answer:
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E
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Topic:
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18.9
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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30)
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Which mollusc group includes primarily sedentary animals that use mucus-coated gills to trap fine food particles as water is pumped through the mantle cavity?
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A)
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cephalopods
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B)
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gastropods
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C)
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chitons
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D)
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bivalves
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E)
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chambered nautilus
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Answer: