McDougal Little Biology 2008
Unit 1 Introducing biology
Chapter 1 Biology in the 21st Century
a. The study of life
b. Unifying themes of biology
c. Scientific thinking and processes
d. Biologists’ tools and technology
e. Biology and your future
Chapter 2 Chemistry of life
a. Atoms, Ions, and molecules
b. Properties of water
c. Carbon-based molecules
d. Chemical bonding
e. Enzymes
Unit 2 Cells
Chapter 3 Cell structure and function
a. Cell theory
b. Cell organelles
c. Cell membrane
d. Diffusion and osmosis
e. Active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis
Chapter 4 Cells and energy
a. Chemical energy and ATP
b. Overview of Photosynthesis
c. Photosynthesis in detail
d. Overview of cellular respiration
e. Cellular respiration in detail
f. Fermentation
Chapter 5 Cell growth and division
a. The cell cycle
b. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
c. Regulation of the cell cycle
d. Asexual reproduction
e. Multicellular life
Unit 3 Genetics
Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel
a. Chromosomes and meiosis
b. Process of meiosis
c. Mendel and heredity
d. Traits, genes, and alleles
e. Traits and probability
f. Meiosis and genetic variation
Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics
a. Chromosomes and Phenotype
b. Complex patterns of inheritance
c. Gene linkage and mapping
d. Human genetics and pedigrees
Chapter 8 From DNA to Proteins
a. Identifying DNA as the genetic material
b. Structure of DNA
c. DNA replication
d. Transcription
e. Translation
f. Gene expression and regulation
g. Mutations
Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology
a. Manipulating DNA
b. Copying DNA
c. DNA Fingerprinting
d. Genetic engineering
e. Genomics and bioinformatics
f. Genetic screening
Unit 4 Evolution
Chapter 10 Principles of Evolution
a. Early ideas about evolution
b. Darwin’s observations
c. Theory of natural selection
d. Evidence of evolution
e. Evolutionary biology today
Chapter 11 The Evolution of Populations
a. Genetic Variation with in populations
b. Natural Selection of Populations
c. Other Mechanisms of Evolution
d. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
e. Speciation through Isolation
f. Patterns in Evolution
Chapter 12 The History of Life
a. The Fossil Record
b. The Geological Time Scale
c. Origin of Life
d. Early Single-Celled Organisms
e. Radiation of Multicellular Life
f. Primate Evolution
Unit 5 Ecology
Chapter 13 Principles of Ecology
a. Ecologists Study Relationships
b. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
c. Energy and Ecosystems
d. Food Chains and Food Webs
e. Cycling of Matter
f. Pyramid Models
Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems
a. Habitat and Niche
b. Community Interactions
c. Population Density and Distribution
d. Population Growth Patterns
e. Ecological Succession
Chapter 15 The Biosphere
a. Life in the Earth System
b. Climate
c. Biomes
d. Marine Ecosystems
e. Estuaries and Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 16 Human Impact on Ecosystems
a. Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
b. Air Quality
c. Water Quality
d. Threats to Biodiversity
e. Conservation
Unit 6 Classification and Diversity
Chapter 17 The Tree of Life
a. The Linnaean System of Classification
b. Classification Bases on Evolutionary Relationships
c. Molecular Clocks
d. Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 18 Viruses and Prokaryotes
a. Studying Viruses and Prokaryotes
b. Viral Structure and Reproduction’
c. Viral Diseases
d. Bacteria and Archaea
e. Beneficial Roles of Prokaryotes
f. Bacterial Diseases and Antibiotics
Chapter 19 Protists and Fungi
a. Diversity of Protests
b. Animal-like Protists
c. Plant-like Protists
d. Fungus-like Protists
e. Diversity of Fungi
f. Ecology of Fungi
Unit 7 Plants
Chapter 20 Plant Diversity
a. Origins of Plant Life
b. Classification of Plants
c. Diversity of Flowering Plants
d. Plants in human Culture
Chapter 21 Plant Structure and Function
a. Plant Cells and Tissues
b. The Vascular System
c. Roots and Stems
d. Leaves
Chapter 22 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response
a. Plant Life Cycles
b. Reproduction in Flowering Plants
c. Seed Dispersal and Germination
d. Asexual Reproduction
e. Plant Hormones and Responses
Unit 8 Animals
Chapter 23 Invertebrate Diversity
a. Animal Characteristics
b. Animal Diversity
c. Sponges and Cnidarians
d. Flatworms, Mollusks, and Annelids
e. Roundworms
f. Echinoderms
Chapter 24 A Closer Look at Arthropods
a. Arthropod Diversity
b. Crustaceans
c. Arachnids
d. Insect Adaptations
e. Arthropods and Humans
Chapter 25 Vertebrate Diversity
a. Vertebrate Origins
b. Fish Diversity
c. A Closer Look at Bony Fish
d. Amphibians
e. Vertebrates on Land
Chapter 26 A Closer Look at Amniotes
a. Amniotes
b. Reptiles
c. Birds
d. Mammals
Chapter 27 Animal Behavior
a. Adaptive Value of Behavior
b. Instinct and Learning
c. Evolution of Behavior
d. Social Behavior
e. Animal Cognition
Unit 9 Human Biology
Chapter 28 Human Systems and Homeostasis
a. Levels of Organization
b. Mechanisms of Homeostasis
c. Interactions Among Systems
Chapter 29 Nervous and Endocrine Systems
a. How Organ Systems Communicate
b. Neurons
c. The Senses
d. Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
e. Brain Function and Chemistry
f. The Endocrine System and Hormones
Chapter 30. Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
a. Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
b. Respiration and Gas Exchange
c. The Heart and Circulation
d. Blood Vessels and Transport
e. Blood
f. Lymphatic System
Chapter 31 Immune System and Disease
a. Pathogens and Human Illness
b. Immune System
c. Immune Responses
d. Immunity and Technology
e. Overreactions of the Immune System
f. Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Chapter 32 Digestive and Excretory Systems
a. Nutrients and Homeostasis
b. Digestive System
c. Absorption of Nutrients
d. Excretory System
Chapter 33 Protection, Support and Movement
a. Skeletal System
b. Muscular System
c. Integumentary System
Chapter 34 Reproduction and Development
a. Reproductive Anatomy
b. Reproductive Processes
c. Fetal Development
d. Birth and Development