Name:______Date: ______Block: ______
IP614
Magnet Mania: Observe, Discuss, and Analyze.
In this lab we will be investigating magnets and their properties by observing, discussing, and analyzing.
Observe: YOU (no lab partners) are responsible for performing each experiment and summarizing what was done and observed at each station. You may complete the stations in any order. Just be sure that you complete all stations.
Station 1: Levitation
Þ String the ring magnets on the stand and make them levitate!
Þ What is necessary in order to levitate one magnet above another? Does it matter which way the magnets are oriented?
Þ How many can you get to levitate at once? ______
Þ Draw a picture of the levitating magnets:
Station 2: Love-Hate
Þ Using the bar magnets, find out which sides (poles) are attracted to or repelled by each other.
Þ North pole and North pole: ______
Þ North pole and South pole: ______
Þ South pole and South pole: ______
Station 3: Attractiveness
Þ For TEN of the materials in the bags, PREDICT (before you do anything!!) which can be picked up with the magnet. Record your predictions.
Þ Then try to pick them up with the magnet. YOU DO NOT NEED TO REMOVE THEM FROM THE BAG. Record the results.
Material / Prediction / ResultsStation 4: Make-a-Compass
Þ Make A Compass.
· Fill a cup with water.
· Rub one pin 50 times in one direction with a magnet.
· Place a wooden coffee stirrer in the water so that it floats on the surface.
· Balance pin on wood. (The pin must be perpendicular to the wood.)
Þ Record observations about the compasses you made, as well as the actual compass. Note the direction in the room that the pin points. Compare this to an actual compass pointing north.
Station 5: Magnetic Field Lines
BE CAREFUL NOT TO GET THE IRON FILINGS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE MAGNETS!!!
Þ Take a plastic sheet protector with iron filings in it. Place the large bar magnet beneath the clear, plastic sheet. Now gently tap the sheet until you can see the filings form some field lines. You will probably have to concentrate on one piece of the bar magnet at a time.
Þ Draw and record your observations.
Station 6: Building an Electromagnet
At this station you will find a nail, a coil of wire, a coil of wire with a nail at its center, and a battery.
Þ Is a nail wrapped in a coil of wire magnetic?
Þ Test it by trying to pick up paper clips: YES / NO
Þ Is the coil of wire alone magnetic?
Þ Test it and see: YES / NO
Þ Is the coil of wire connected to the battery magnetic?
Þ Test it, and see: YES / NO
Þ How many paper clips are you able to pick up? ______
Þ Is the nail wrapped in a coil of wire and connected to the battery magnetic?
Þ Test it, and see: YES / NO
Þ How many paper clips are you able to pick up? ______
Þ While the paperclips are stuck to the electromagnet, disconnect one of the wires that is connected to the battery What happens to the paperclips when the coil is disconnected? Record your observations below:
Station 7: Motor
At this station you will find a motor. Draw the set-up and write down what you observe.
Discuss
What is a Magnet?
Magnetism: a force of attraction or repulsion by magnetic materials.
Þ Copper, plastic, and glass ______attracted to magnets.
Þ Steel, iron, and nickel, colbalt ______attracted to magnets.
o These materials are said to be ______.
Pole: the ends of a magnet where the forces are strongest.
Þ Every magnet has ____ poles: a ______pole and a ______pole.
Þ If a magnet is broken into pieces, each piece will still have ______poles.
Poles behave similarly to electric charges.
Þ Opposites ______and likes ______.
Þ A north and a south will ______.
Þ Two north poles will ______.
Þ Two south poles will ______.
Why are they called North and South Poles?
If a bar magnet is suspended by a piece of string, it will act like a compass.
Þ The ______used this to assist in navigating ships in the twelfth century.
Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic Field Lines: the region of magnetic force around a magnet. It causes attraction between the magnet and another object.
Þ A magnetic field is made up of ______.
Þ These lines of force will show the ______of a magnetic field.
Þ Magnetic lines of force begin at the ______north______and end at the ______pole.
Þ They are closest together at the ______, where the field is the ______.
Þ Magnetic lines of force from the South and North poles will bend ______each other.
Þ Magnetic lines of force from two South poles or two North poles will bend ______from each other.
What causes magnetism?
Þ Magnetism is related to ______.
o A charge which is at rest is surrounded by and ______field (as well as a gravitational field).
o A moving charge is surround by both an ______and a ______field.
Þ So, moving charges cause magnetic fields.
Where are the moving charges in a bar magnet?
Þ Bar magnets are made of ______. Atoms are made of charged particles.
o The ______in an atom are always moving and form a tiny current.
o Electrons ______on their own axis (like a top). This is more important than the magnetic field due to orbital motion.
o Most materials cannot be magnets. In most materials, the electrons spin in ______directions.
Magnetic Domains: groups of atoms whose magnetic poles line up in the same direction.
Þ When materials are magnetized, the magnetic domains point in the ______direction
Þ When materials are NOT magnetized, the domains point in ______directions.
How Can You Make A Magnet?
Magnetic Induction: the process by which a material can be made into a magnet.
Þ Materials can be magnetized by being rubbed in ______direction with a magnet.
Þ Materials become magnetized when the ______point in the same direction.
Þ Not all materials respond in the same way to the magnetic field.
Natural Magnets: magnets that occur in ______
Temporary Magnets: Magnets that are magnetized easily but lose the magnetism easily as well.
Permanent Magnets: Magnets that are difficult to magnetize but they keep the magnetism well.
Þ All magnets can ______their magnetism.
Þ Dropping, hitting or heating the magnet can demagnetize it because the domains become unaligned.
How is Earth like a Magnet?
A British scientist named Wilbert Gilbert suggested that Earth is a magnet when he observed a magnet hanging from a string will align its north and south poles with the north and south poles of the Earth.
The Earth’s Magnetic Poles
Þ Earth has ______magnetic poles.
Þ Magnetic poles are ______, but not ______the geographic poles.
Þ The Magnetosphere: the magnetic field around the Earth.
Þ The magnetosphere traps some charged particles from the sun that interact with other particles in the atmosphere, causing the air above Earth to glow. This is called an aurora.
How are electricity and magnetism related?
Oersted’s Discovery
Þ The relationship between electricity and magnetism is called ______.
Þ Hans Christian Oersted noticed that when current flowed through a wire, a nearby compass pointer ______. He discovered that an electric current produces a ______field.
Electromagnetic Induction: Does a magnetic field produce an electric current?
Þ Michael Faraday brought a strong magnet near a still wire.
o If the magnet remains stationary, then current ______flow through the wire.
o If the magnet moves toward or away from the wire continuously, then current ______flow through the wire.
o If a coil of wire moves toward or away from a magnet, then current ______flow through the wire.
Þ The process by which an electric current is produced in a wire when the wire is exposed to a changing magnetic field is called ______.
o The changing magnetic field is often changing due to relative movement. The wire and the magnet need to move relative to each other.
What is an electromagnet?
Þ A wire carrying an electric current always has a ______field around it.
o The ______field around a straight wire is very ______.
o However, if the wire is wound into a coil, the magnetic field becomes much ______.
Þ An electromagnet is a ______magnet made by wrapping a current-carrying wire around a metal ______. It is called temporary because when the current is turned off, there is no longer a magnetic field.
Þ Increasing the strength of the electromagnet: There are three major ways to increase the strength of the electromagnet:
o Increase the number of ______.
o Increase the amount of ______.
o Adding a metal ______.
What is an electric motor?
Þ An electric motor converts ______energy into ______energy.
Þ Rotation is created by alternating between attraction and repulsion between a current carrying wire and a permanent magnet.
Analyze: Please use the notes from our class discussion and your book in order to explain all of your observations. YOU MUST USE COMPLETE SENTENCES.
Station 1: Levitation
Þ Explain, using what you have learned about magnets, how we can levitate one magnet above another. Be sure to include a comparison of the strength of the necessary magnetic force with the strength of the gravitational force.
Station 2: Love-Hate
Þ A north pole is attracted to a ______pole.
Þ A south pole is attracted to a ______pole.
Þ A north pole repels a ______pole.
Þ A south pole repels a ______pole.
Station 3: Attractiveness
Þ Are all metals attracted to a magnet? ______
Þ List three materials that are attracted to a magnet:
o ______
o ______
o ______
Station 4: Make-a-Compass
Þ Explain in a few sentences, using your own words, how you were able to magnetize the pin in order to make your compass.
Þ Explain in a few sentences, using your own words, how you can use a compass to find your way.
Þ Can a compass be used in the Southern Hemisphere? If yes, how? If no, why not?
Station 6: Building an Electromagnet
Þ Fill in the Blanks:
o The current carrying coil is surrounded by a strong ______field.
o The strong magnetic field aligns the ______in the nail.
o The nail is now a ______.