Voices and Visions

Grade 7 Social Studies Tutorial

Who are the diverse Aboriginal peoples who have contributed to the building of the country we now call Canada?

Terms: culture, pluralistic, decision making by consensus, democracy, indigenous, nomadic, Donnacona, sovereign, economy

Compare the aspects of First Nation cultures (values, beliefs, lifestyles) using a three column chart like the sample below.

1.  Elements that help to make up one’s culture might include:

  1. Canada’s federal government
  2. an Elder’s recollection of traditional stories and legends
  3. artifacts from an archeological site

d.  all of the above

2.  Respect for cultural diversity in Canada encourages the development of a vibrant, democratic society. This is achieved by:

  1. open, democratic elections among the upper classes
  2. non-pluralistic policies including multiculturalism

c.  open communication with all representative cultures in a society

  1. education systems discouraging cultural acceptance
  2. all of the above

3.  Many First Nations peoples have shared values relating to their relationship with the Creator, the natural world, other people, and themselves. One of those values may be:

  1. people are separate from nature and the non-living world

b.  the wisdom and experience of the Elders is highly valued

  1. a spiritual world exists but plays a limited role
  2. people must only live in harmony with nature

4.  The Indigenous peoples of Canada are:

  1. the original people of the land
  2. First Nations people
  3. European explorers
  4. immigrants

e.  both A and B

5.  European cultures sometimes judged other cultures using European values and beliefs. This attitude can be described as:

  1. individualistic

b.  ethnocentric

  1. multicultural
  2. unilingual
  3. none of the above

What kind of society did the French colonists create in their North American colonies?

Terms: imperialism, Acadians, monopoly, coureurs de bois, Sovereign Council, seigneurial system

Create a web diagram like the sample below and detail the contributors and their contributions to New France.

1.  The best example of “Imperialism” from the list below is:

  1. British Empire
  2. Former USSR control of East Germany
  3. U.S. influence on Canada

d.  Both a and b

2.  What factor below led to Canada becoming a successful colony?

  1. Gold
  2. Fish
  3. Furs

d.  Both b and c

  1. All of the above

3.  What was the greatest benefit to France from coureurs de bois relationships with First Nations people?

  1. New survival skills learned from the first Nations people
  2. Extensive trade networks that developed
  3. New allies that were made with First Nations people

d.  All of the above

4.  What ideas below do not apply to the concept of cultural exchange for the coureurs de bois?

  1. Marriage to First Nations women
  2. Skills learned – ie. Building canoes
  3. Survival skills developed

d.  Desire to explore and live adventurously

5.  The best example of cultural exchange is:

  1. Cartier meeting Donnacona
  2. Donnacona visiting Europe
  3. Etienne Brule living among the Wendat people
  4. Savignon living with the French
  5. Both c and d

Fill in the blanks with words from the following list:

colonies
home country
vikings
Silk
Christopher Columbus
Americas
France
Mi’kmaq
water / Economics
Competition
Religion
Curiosity
Francois I,
Jacques Cartier,
water
Donnacona
Scurvy

8.  The colonies shipped resources such as fish and furs back to the home country, who shipped settlers and soldiers in return.

9.  The vikings sailed to Canada from Scandinavia 1000 years ago.

10.  A long, over land route to bring trade goods to Europe was called the Silk Road.

11.  By the 1400’s, Europeans wanted to find a water route to Asia to use for trade.

12.  The lead explorer for finding a new trade route was Christopher Columbus who sailed from Spain in 1492.

13.  This explorer found the Americas instead of Asia.

14.  The 4 reasons for Europeans wanting to expand the empires were economics, competitions, religion, curiosity.

15.  France entered the race to find an ocean route to Asia in the mid-1500’s.

What kind of society did the British colonists create in North America?

Terms: mercantilism, Rupert’s Land

Compare and contrast First Nations, French Colonists and British Colonists – add other categories to your chart as needed.

Categories / First Nations Peoples / British Colonists / French Colonists
Government
Economy
Religion
Language
Location of Colonies in North America

1.  Mercantilism is important to exploration and settlement because:

  1. it causes leaders to want to find new trade routes to Asia
  2. it allows countries to develop home country resources like gold
  3. when explorers find new, resource rich colonies, it allows countries to make money from the resources
  4. settlement is needed to get access to new resources found in new colonies

e.  both c and d

2.  There are many factors influencing the success of the colonies in North America. The most important factor influencing the growth and success of the population in the colonies was the:

  1. climate of New France made life more comfortable

b.  opportunities for making a living were far better in the 13 Colonies

  1. religious freedom allowed many religions in New France
  2. allowance of trade with many nations from both colonies

3.  Competition in the fur trade developed after British set up trading forts in the Rupert’s Land territory. The outcome of this conflict for the British was:

  1. the permanent loss of their trading posts
  2. the temporary loss of the trading forts until the Treaty of Utrecht
  3. the eventual development of the Hudson’s Bay Co.

d.  both b and c

4.  The best description of the French reaction to the Hudson’s Bay Company trade that was set up on Hudson Bay is:

a.  They moved inland an intercepted the First Nations fur traders

  1. The furs bound for Hudson’s Bay forts were purchased before reaching the French
  2. All trade with the First nations by French traders was ended
  3. None of the above

How did the various peoples in North America both work together in the fur trade and compete to control it?

Terms: ethnocentrism, barter, voyageur, stockade

Create a three-column chart to record information about the impact of the fur trade on Canada.

Factor / Influence on Social Development of Canada / Influence on Economic Development of Canada
There was an abundant supply of quality fur in northern North America
Traders and First Nations trappers needed one another
The French king used the fur trade to develop New France
There was an east-west river system
Pemmican was made from buffalo
Add other factors

1.  The development of contact between Europeans and First Nations people could lead to positive trade relations. The best example of this would be:

  1. the fur trading forts of the Hudson’s Bay Company
  2. the coureurs de bois developing relations with First Nations people for the French fur trade
  3. the competition between the Hudson’s Bay Company and the French fur trade

d.  both a and b

2.  The fur trade initially developed because of the interdependence of the trading partners. This is best shown by the:

a.  desire each group had for items the other group had to trade

  1. quality of goods the Europeans had
  2. quality of furs the First Nations people had
  3. need for furs back in Europe

3.  The economy of New France relied on all members of the culture to support the economy. This would mean that:

  1. the economy is interdependent
  2. merchants could survive without the coureurs de bois
  3. the economy relied on the people buying goods of many kinds

d.  both a and c

  1. all of the above

4.  The most critical part of the economy for the success of the fur trade was:

  1. the climate, which ensured the quality of the furs

b.  transportation, which was critical to get furs to market and goods to the First Nations groups who supplied the furs

  1. translators, who made the trade possible by working with both sides

5.  The British and French had different approaches to the fur trade. The biggest contrast was the British presence in Hudson Bay. This area was important to the British because:

  1. it gave the French access to the furs of the northern forests which were better quality
  2. they could bring supplies in overland from the 13 Colonies easier

c.  the British could supply their forts easily with ships from Britain

  1. many river flow into Hudson Strait giving them access to more first Nations groups on good transportation routes

Barter
Canoe
Hudson’s Bay / North West
Rupert’s
Voyageurs

Fill in the blanks with the above words. Some words may be used more than once.

1.  The voyageurs were mostly Canadiens and Metis men who made a living transporting goods and furs for the North West Company.

2.  The system of trade used by the First Nations people and in the fur trade was called the barter system.

3.  The major competitors in the fur trade in the West were the NorthWest Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company.

4.  The most influential way to transport goods and furs was the canoe.

5.  The fur trade in the North expanded into Rupert’s Land with the creation of the Hudson’s Bay Company.

How did military events and their consequences contribute to the foundations of Canada?

Terms: francophones, treaty, bilingualism

Create cause and effect charts which details what happened in North America between 1740 – 1774. Make a list of events that took place and the consequences.

Cause / Effects

1.  The main cause of the tensions between Britain and France was:

a.  they were rivals in Europe and for control of the high seas

  1. the desire to control resources in their home country
  2. a drive to control more land and resources in Asia
  3. the war and conflict between the two was never ending

2.  The final outcome for the francophone community in Acadia was an ultimatum from Britain. Either sign an oath of allegiance or be deported. The main issue behind this situation was:

  1. the important location of the Acadians near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River and Louisbourg
  2. the possibility that the Acadians could fight for the French if war did break out
  3. a desire for Britain to establish the colony of Nova Scotia

d.  very complex involving all of the issues mentioned above

3.  The control of New France was an issue for Britain. Their desire to control all of North America depended upon controlling what key territory?

  1. The Fortress at Louisbourg
  2. The Fortress in Quebec
  3. The Louisiana Territory west of the 13 Colonies

d.  Both a and b

  1. All of the above

Matching

1

1. A francophone citizen of Acadia

Acadian

2. A country that is more powerful than most other countries

Superpower

3. The use of 2 languages

Bilingualism

4. The eviction or removal of people

Deportation

5. To allow people to live as they are

Accommodation

6. The British fortress on the coast of Nova Scotia

Halifax

7. To remain out of a conflict, to not choose sides

Neutral

8. To make people a part of the already existing culture

Assimilation

9. The French fortress on Ile Royale (Cape Breton Island)

Louisbourg

1

How did the War of 1812 and its political consequences affect the developing Canadian identity?

Terms: identity, Loyalists, immigrants, Legislative Assembly, Patriotes, responsible government

Create cause and effect charts which details what happened in North America between 1763 and 1850. Make a list of events that took place and the consequences.

Cause / Effects
  1. The development of Canada’s identity has been based on its:
  2. geography

b.  history

  1. resources
  2. economics
  1. The War of American Independence stemmed from a reaction of the people of the Thirteen Colonies in response to:
  2. high taxes on British imports
  3. trade restrictions allowing trade only with Britain
  4. a lack of control over daily affairs in the Thirteen Colonies
  5. both a and b

e.  all of the above

  1. The Constitutional Act of 1791 allowed for the existence of British and French cultures to thrive in the same colony by:
  2. creating Upper and Lower Canada
  3. allowing both areas to have elected assemblies
  4. allowing the Canadiens to keep their language and religious rights from the Québec Act of 1774

d.  both a and c

  1. The War of 1812 tested the loyalty of the British North American colonies because:

a.  American colonists outnumbered the Loyalists four to one

  1. Canadiens were known to support American interests in war
  2. Americans had moved north because they were loyal to Britain
  3. Atlantic colonies relied on British trade more than American trade
  1. Between 1815 and 1850, more than 800 000 immigrants came to British North America during the Great Migration. A “push factor” for people to leave their homelands was:

a.  the famine in Ireland

  1. jobs and land in British colonies were available
  2. ocean travel was the only means of travel
  3. the colonies offered free land and a chance for a better life

Fill in the blanks below with words from the following list.

discrimination
polling station
quarantine station
refugees / responsible government
secret ballot
traitors
United Empire Loyalists
  1. The people of the Thirteen Colonies that remained loyal to Britain were known as the United Empire Loyalists.
  1. The people who remained loyal to the King of England were seen as traitors by many of the colonists in the Thirteen Colonies.
  2. Refugees leave their home countries to escape poor conditions and treatment by others. This unfair treatment is based on prejudice and is called discrimination.
  1. A place where immigrants are taken when they are suspected of carrying a contagious illness was called a quarantine station.
  1. Today, in a Canadian election, no one knows how each person votes. This is called the secret ballot. At the location where people vote, called a polling station, people mark their ballot and put it into a secure box.
  1. When a government is elected and is required to answer to its elected representatives, it is called a responsible government.

To what extent was Confederation an attempt to solve existing problems and lay a foundation for a country?

Terms: government, democracy, representative democracy, responsible government, rep by pop, Manifest Destiny, reciprocity, federalism

Create a flow chart, like the sample below, which organizes the events and factors discussed in the following questions: