Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Leah C.
Course: / BIOL 211
Instructor: / Dr. Boury
Date: / 9/17/17
For the following questions, fill in the blanks with vocabulary words from this unit.
1. ______is the most logical path for a phylogenetic tree to follow.
2. ______is similarity in organisms due to common ancestry.
3. Similarity in organisms due to reasons other than common ancestry is ______.
4. The process of using bacteria and archaea to clean up polluted areas is called ______.
5. An evolution unit that includes an ancestral population and all descendants but no others is a ______.
6. Any heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual with that trait, compared with individuals without that trait, in a particular environment is called ______.
7. ______is the process by which individuals with certain heritable traits tend to produce more surviving offspring than individuals without the trait. It also leads to a genetic makeup change in the population.
8. The deliberate manipulation by humans of the genetic composition of plants or animals is called ______.
9. ______is the evolution of two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species.
10. A macromolecule consisting of one or more polypeptide chains made up of 50 or more linked amino acids is called a ______.
11. ______means “water-loving.”
12. ______means “water-hating.”
13. ______is the property of a membrane that allows some substances to diffuse across it more readily than others.
14. ______is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe, both on Earth as well as extraterrestrial life.
15. The ______was brought about by cyanobacteria and first introduced atmospheric oxygen.
16. The process of ______allows the genes in a community or ecosystem to be sequenced, analyzed, and compared to the genomes of component organisms.
17. What are the three points of the cell theory?
18. List the five characteristics of living things.
19. What’s the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
20. Describe Pasteur’s experiment and state what his conclusion was.
21. Name the two conditions that are required for natural selection to occur.
22. Draw a diagram of the central dogma of genetics.
23. What was used to construct the phylogenetic tree? Why was this a good choice in comparing different species?
24. The scientific name of a golden retriever is “canis lupus familiaris.” How would you correctly write this scientific name? What do these names signify?
25. What is a control group? Why are they necessary when conducting an experiment?
26. List the four macromolecules that compose a cell, and state their functions.
27. Draw and label a diagram of a bacteria cell.
28. Draw and label a diagram of the phospholipid bilayer.
29. Why is compartmentalization so beneficial?
30. List some differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
31. Where does nitrogen fixation take place in the nitrogen cycle?
32. What are the benefits to studying extremophiles?
33. What were Koch’s four postulates? What did this lead to?
34. What is an endospore? What’s a biofilm? What organism are these characteristics associated with?
35. Explain the concept of bioremediation, and tell how we can use it to our advantage.
36. Diagram transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
37. What two colors can bacteria cells turn during a gram stain? What do these colors signify?
38. Diagram the electron transport chain.
39. Why is oxygen usually the final electron acceptor?
40. What is the difference between ancestral traits and derived traits?
41. Why are taxa only present on the tips in phylogenetic trees?
42. Explain what convergent evolution is, and give an example.
43. What is the endsymbiotic theory? Draw it out, and give evidence for it.
44. State the results of sexual reproduction.
45. State the results of asexual reproduction.
46. Draw and list the components of the alteration of generations.
47. What are the six metabolisms an organism can use to obtain food? Describe each one.
48. What are the seven lineages of protists, and what are their defining characteristics?
For the following true and false statements, choose whether they’re true or false and, if necessary, correct a false statement.
49. Individuals can evolve.
50. Fungi are more closely related to animals than plants.
51. All bacteria have flagella, pili, and capsules.
52. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles that allow different chemical reactions to take place at the same time.
53. All bacterial DNA is present in the plasmid.
54. Cyanobacteria are the origin of free oxygen, but they’re actually a part of the Archaea domain.
55. Extremophiles are present in very common environments.
56. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are about the same size.
57. Oxygen is almost never the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration.
58. Gram staining can be used to determine the amount of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.
59. Protists are a monophyletic group.
60. The defining characteristic between the two main groups of protists is the number of flagella present.
61. “Pseudopod” means “false stomach.”
62. Protists are the cause of many diseases found in humans.