Frayer Model Terms

Yvonne Le - Unit 2

Centralists

Textbook Definition: Concentration of power and authority in a central organization, as in a political system. ( / My Definition: To have all of the power in a central group
Analogy: It is similar to the solar system
The light and sun go together while the power concentration and central organization go together. / Symbolic Image:


Commerce Clause

Textbook Definition: Provision of the United States Constitution that grants Congress the ability to regulate commerce relationships between foreign countries, states and Indian tribes. ( / My Definition: A grant of power that allows Congress to maintain trading relationships between foreign countries, states and Indian tribes.
Analogy: It is similar to a set of instructions given by someone.
A teacher may give students instructions/rules and the teacher has the power to reinforce the rules. / Symbolic Image:


Confederation

Textbook Definition: A group of confederates, especially of states or nations, united for a common purpose; a league. ( / My Definition: A group of nations or states uniting for a common issue or purpose
Analogy: It is similar to volunteer organization.
Volunteers come together for a common purpose to help those in need (housing, food, clothing and etc.) / Symbolic Image:


Cooperative Federalism

Textbook Definition: A political and constitutional concept developed in the early 20th century that emphasizes the decentralization of power and a not necessarily equal sharing of governmental responsibilities between federal, state and local agencies and institutions. ( / My Definition: An idea in which the different levels of government (local, state, federal) interact together to solve mutual issues.
Analogy: It is similar to a group of high school students who work on a school project.
They have to interact with each other to finish the project (issue). / Symbolic Image:


Decentralists

Textbook Definition: To distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities. ( / My Definition: Distributing the duties from a central power to a smaller and local government
Analogy: It is similar to food coloring when distributing the dye through a solvent to a less concentrated area. / Symbolic Image:


Devolution

Textbook Definition: The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, esp. by central government to local or regional administration. ( / My Definition: Transferring power to a lower level
Analogy: It is similar to an experienced CEO stepping down and handing it over to a less experienced CEO. / Symbolic Image:


Dual Federalism

Textbook Definition: The political theory that two different governments share sovereign power over a certain region or people. ( / My Definition: A strong and weak government share the power
Analogy: A school principal has their rights but must follow the school superintendent’s instructions. / Symbolic Image:


Enumerated Powers

Textbook Definition: Powers given to the federal government by the terms of the U.S. Constitution. ( / My Definition: The powers that are established in the U.S. Constitution given to Congress
Analogy: It is similar to the Ten Commandments, defining the right and wrong. / Symbolic Image:


Express Powers

Textbook Definition: Powers that Congress has that are specifically listed in the Constitution. ( / My Definition: The powers that are granted to Congress that are listed in the U.S. Constitution
Analogy: It similar to terms of agreement, which states what the company will do with your information and whether you will allow it. / Symbolic Image:


Federal Mandate

Textbook Definition: Any provision in statute or regulation or any Federal court ruling that imposes an enforceable duty upon State, local, or tribal governments including a condition of Federal assistance or a duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal program. ( / My Definition: Something that the federal government requires from a state government
Analogy: It is similar to a school dress code.
The school requires students to follow their dress code. / Symbolic Image:


Federalism

Textbook Definition: A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. ( / My Definition: A system of government that both federal and state share power
Analogy: It is similar of where teachers and parents have authority over the students/children. / Symbolic Image:


Full Faith and Credit Clause

Textbook Definition: Provides that the various states must recognize legislative acts, public records, and judicial decisions of the other states within the United States. ( / My Definition: Any legal decisions made by one state must be available for other states to see
Analogy: It is similar to marriage, you should be acknowledge as a married couple in one state and another. / Symbolic Image:


Implied Powers

Textbook Definition: A political power not expressly named in a constitution but that is inferred because it is necessary to the performance of an enumerated power. ( / My Definition: It isn’t explicitly stated but are implied.
Analogy: It is similar to when a parent gives you the look not to do something bad without directly saying it or showing action. / Symbolic Image:


Inherent Powers

Textbook Definition: An authority possessed without its being derived from another. It is a right, ability or faculty of doing a thing, without receiving that right, ability or faculty from another. ( / My Definition: Powers that aren’t explicitly stated but implanted into an idea
Analogy: It is similar to a parent’s responsibility to look out for their child even without explicitly stating it / Symbolic Image:


Interstate Compact

Textbook Definition: A voluntary arrangement between two or more states that is designed to solve their common problems and that becomes part of the laws of each state. ( / My Definition: An agreement between two or more states to solve issues to become a part of the law
Analogy: It is similar to how Congress cannot pass a bill without the President signing it / Symbolic Image:


Necessary and Proper Clause

Textbook Definition: A section of the United States Constitution that enables Congress to make the laws required for the exercise of its other powers established by the Constitution. ( / My Definition: A clause that allows Congress to make laws where the Constitution doesn’t give a specific power to act.
Analogy: It is similar to people giving money to charity.
There isn’t a set amount of how much they want to donate / Symbolic Image:


Referendum

Textbook Definition: The principle or practice of referring measures proposed or passed by a legislative body to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection. ( / My Definition: Allowing the people to speak their views on legislation before it becomes a law.
Analogy: It is similar to a petition whether people are for or against it before they make a final decision. / Symbolic Image:


Reserved Powers

Textbook Definition: A political power that a constitution reserves exclusively to the jurisdiction of a particular political authority. ( / My Definition: Constitutional powers that are reserved to the state or people
Analogy: The power that parents have over their children. Some will let their children make their own decisions. / Symbolic Image:


Supremacy Clause

Textbook Definition: The federal government, in exercising any of the powers enumerated in the Constitution, must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power. ( / My Definition: A Constitutional clause that states that the Constitution is the most important and no other laws can be above it.
Analogy: It is similar to strict parents saying that it is okay to discipline children by hitting/spanking but if a law says different, we must follow it. / Symbolic Image:

Sovereignty

Textbook Definition: Supremacy of authority or rule as exercised by a sovereign or sovereign state. ( / My Definition: A government that is not controlled by other countries and has supreme power
Analogy: It is similar to the power that parents have over their children. / Symbolic Image: