BuildaWallMockup
Description
All wallsin a housemust be builtto correct specifications andsizeinordertomeetbuildingcode requirements.Inthis Activity Plan,studentswillbuild mock wallsections,with48"(1200mm)topand bottom platesandfour24" (600 mm)studs.
Thepurposeofthis activity istohavestudentspractisemeasuring,cutting,andnailingbybuilding a small mock wallsection.Thislessonwill be followedbythelayoutand construction ofa full-sized wallusingtheskillsgained.
LessonOutcomes
Thestudentwill be ableto:
•Identify thepartsof a wall
•Layout a mini mock wallaccordingto specifications
•Installwallcomponentsinappropriate locations
•Demonstratesafeuseofhandandpowertools
•Demonstrate correct nailingtechniquesfor a wall section
Assumptions
Thestudentwill:
•Be familiarwiththesafeuseofmitresawsand portable circularsaws
•Havehadthe opportunity tousebasicmeasurementandlayouttools
•Be familiarwithextractinginformation from drawings
Terminology
Baseplate(also calledfloorplateorbottomplate):ahorizontalstructuralmembertowhichthewallstudsarethroughnailedandwhichformsthebaseofthewallwhenassembled.
Doubletopplate:asecondsetofplates addedafterthewallsareraisedtoposition.Theseplates continuepastthepointofintersectionbetweensideandendwallsandarenaileddownthroughthetopinordertolockthewalls into asolidunit.
Endnailtechnique:toinstallastudorjoistbynailingthroughtheplatesorrimjoistintotheendofthestudorjoist(typicallytwonailsateachendofastudare used).
Exteriorwall: aframedwallusedontheoutsideofastructurethatcontainsinsulation,typicallyframedwith2×6" material.
Flush:atermusedinconstructiontoindicatethattwomeetingsurfacesarealignedonthesameplane.
Interiorwalls:aframedwallusedontheinsideofastructurethatdoesnotcontaininsulationandistypicallyframedwith2×4” material.
Level:atermusedinconstructionto refer toahorizontalsurface.
OnCentre(OC):Thistermimpliesthatthe measurement fromthecentreofonestudorjoisttothecentreofthenextidenticalcomponentwillbe exactly thedistancespecified.
Plumb:atermusedinconstructiontorefer toaverticalsurface.
Square:atermusedinconstructionto refertoa90°angle.
Toenailtechnique:toinstallastudinawall by nailingthroughthesideedgeofthestudatabouta60°angledown into the plate. Thenailsneedtobedriven into the plate sothat approximatelyhalfofthelengthofthenailisinthe plate.
Topplate:ahorizontalstructuralmembertowhichthewallstudsarethroughnailedandwhichformsthetopofthewallwhenassembled.
Wallstud:averticalmemberinlightframewallconstruction,usuallyspacedat 16"or 24" centretocentre.
EstimatedTime
1.5–2 hours
Timeforthis activity depends on thefamiliarityofstudentswithtoolsand access to tools—thenumberofmitreand portable circularsawsavailable,etc.
RecommendedNumberofStudents
20, based on the BritishColumbiaTechnology Educators’ Best Practice Guide. The ideal is
16.Studentswill work ingroupsoftwo or individually,depending on class numbersandspaceavailable.
Facilities
Technologyeducationshopfacilityrequired. A securespaceto work outsideisadvantageousaswellasopen floor areain which tobuildthe mock walls.
Tools
•Mitresaw
•Portable circularsaw
•Extension cord
•Tapemeasures
•Hammersandnailpullers
•Nailgunand compressor (optional)
•Combination or speedsquare
•Level
•Aprons
•Hardhats
•Eyeprotection
Materials
•2×4"s or 2×6"s forwallplatesandstuds
•3" common nails
Resources
Graphic/photooffinishedexteriorwall, crosssection offinishedexteriorwall.Figures 1 and 2showexamplesthat could be used.Drawingsof a varietyofwalls could be providedand typicalmethodsof construction could be discussed.
Studsarespaced16"oncentreCripple studs are
16" on centre
Topplate
Header
Jack studs are theheight ofyourroughopenings
Kings go tothe outsides of the jack studs
Treated lumber forbottomplate in basement
Figure1—Themainfeaturesofatypicalfullheightwallwithaframed-indoorsection
Wall section (8')Topplate(`regular´ 2" × 4")
Bottomplate(treated 2" × 4")
**Leave ½" of spacetoallowyouto tip the wallintoplace.
Figure2—Typicalinteriorwallshowingcorrectspacingforwallstuds.Note that the second stud is located 16" from the outside of the first studtothecentreofthesecondstud.Eachremainingstudwillbe16"OC.
Activity
1.Reviewterminologyandsafepractices.
2.Determine thelengthsofthewallplates,studspacing,size,and positioning.Note:16"(406mm)outsidetocentrespacing.Recommendedmeasurementsforthe mock wallare48"(1200mm)topandbaseplateswithfour24" (600 mm)studs.
3.Generate a materiallist.
4.Cutthetopandbaseplatestolength(two pieces at48" or 1220mm)using a compoundmitresaw(Figure3) or portable circularsaw.
Figure3—Typicalcompoundmitresawusedtocutplatesandstudstolength
5.Layoutthetopandbaseplatesbymarkingthe correct locations ofstudsusing a tapemeasureandcombinationsquare(orspeedsquare). Mark the location ofthestudsbymarkingan X on the correct sideof a measuredpencilline.Notethatthe second studmust be located16" from theoutsideofthefirststudtothecentreofthe second stud. Allremainingstudswill be located16"OC.
6.Whenlayingoutwalls, a tape measureishooked on theendofplates(or on floors, on therim joists).Layout on both16" OC or 24" OC is started byrunningthe tape measurealongtheplate.Marksarethenmade3⁄4" shortofthe16"marks on the tape (151⁄4",311⁄4",471⁄4",etc.).An X isthenplacedtotherightofeach mark toindicatetheside on which thestudor joistisplaced.Theendresultwill be studs on joistbeing16"OC.Thissame process isusedfor24" OC (i.e.,231⁄4",471⁄4",711⁄4").
7.Cutthewallstudcomponentstolength(four pieces at12" or 300mm)using a compoundmitresaw or portable circularsaw.
8.Assemblethewallframingcomponentswith a hammerandnails(two3" common nailsthroughthetopplate,andtwo3" common nailsthroughthebaseplate).Notethatstudentswillhavemore success workingtogether on thispartoftheactivity,asthey can assistinholdingcomponentsinthe correct position.
Figure4—Typicalnailingprocedureforawall
9.Note: Thenailing process should be completed whilethematerialis on a flat horizontalsurface,inordertofacilitateeasynailing(Figure4).
10.Studentsneedto check the mock walltoensurethatthestructureissquareandthatstudsareflushwithplates.(Wallonlyneedsto be squared if itisto be sheathed on thefloor.)
EvaluationGuidelines
•All framingcomponentsareflush.
•Layoutis correct (e.g.,studspacing).
•Componentsarecutto correct length.
•Wallsaresquare.
•Safe work practices arefollowed.
•The work environmentistidy,withtoolsandmaterialsstored properly andwastematerialremoved.
OptionalActivities
•Theteacher could demonstratetheassemblyofpartofthe mock wallbyusing apneumaticnailgun, if available.
•Theteacher could alsodemonstratetoenailingtechniques,andstudents could practisetoenailingonestudinthewall.