Ridgewood Summer Invitational
Questions written and edited by Ridgewood High School (Ben Bechtold, Zoe Blecher-Cohen, Bryan Clarendon, Aryan Falahatpisheh, Esther Sun, Thomas Husband, Louis Lim, Mark Perfect, Sanjana Rajagopal, Abbas Raza, Jonah Salzman-Cohen , Justin Shin, David Song, Kara Vo, and Claire Walter) with help from Ben Zhang
Round 12-Tossups
1.Zeus granted her wish to be called the Phaesporia, as well have 60 Oceanids to be her handmaidens. She tricked the Aloadae, her suitors, into killing each other by turning into a deer. Actaeon saw this woman bathing, and he was promptly turned into a stag; thereafter his own dogs devoured him. One of her followers became Ursa Major, and her only lover always moved away from Scorpio. Sacred to her are the cypress and the Ceryneian Hind; Hercules captured the latter for his Third Labor. The floating island of Delos was the site of her birth, where Iris acted as a midwife. She killed Niobe’s children, and one myth says that she accidentally killed Orion. For 10 points, name this daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo, the Greek goddess of the moon.
ANSWER: Artemis [do not accept “Diana”]
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2.This monarch was both queen reagent of Scotland and queen consort of France, and she claimed that she was the rightful heir to the English crown. However, she was forced to abdicate and give the throne to her year old son. Later she was beheaded because she was accused of conspiring in the Babington Plot, to kill the queen. After her death, her son, King James VI of Scots, became King James I of England. Name this sixteenth century British monarch, half-sister of Elizabeth I of England, who was executed.
ANSWER: Mary, Queen of Scots
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3.Plotting this quantity against temperature for a superfluid around the lamda point gives a lamda shape. The Debye model approximates the for the lattice contribution to this value and that model works better at lower temperatures than the Einstein model. This value is equal to three times the gas constant divided by molar mass according to the Dulong-Petit Law. This value for water is 4.18 joules per gram per kelvin. For 10 points, name this quantity, typically denoted with a capital C, and is the amount needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
ANSWER: specific heat capacity
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4.Its second codename was “Nitro”, given in March 2004. This is still visible in the code NTR-001. Satoru Iwata wanted it “to provide players with a unique entertainment experience for the 21st century.” As of April 2012, this console had sold over 152.2 million units, becoming the second best selling video game console ever. Its first official name was “Developer’s System”, although that has been changed. The first two models of this console are backwards-compatible with the Game Boy Advance, its predecessor. March 27, 2011 saw the North American release of the most recent reincarnation, capable of 3D displays and a stereoscopic camera. For 10 points, name this handheld Nintendo video game console, whose name is an acronym for “Dual Screen”.
ANSWER: Nintendo DS [accept the following variations: DS Lite, DSi, DSi XL, and 3DS.]
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5.Islands in this body of water include the Beaver, Hog, Fox Islands as well as the Rocky, Rock, and Gravel Islands. Its 1,638-mile long coastline is often referred to as the “Third Coast”, and its sands are known as “singing”. This lake is the largest one in the world that is completely within one country, with a surface area of 22,400 square miles. That country is the United States. Recently, it was discovered that there are only 4 Great Lakes, as this lake and Lake Huron are actually one massive lake, the largest freshwater one in the world. Cities on its coast include Gary, Milwaukee and Green Bay. For 10 points, name this lake that is visible from Chicago and shares a name with a bordering state.
ANSWER: Lake Michigan
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6.Operation Vulture envisioned sending 60 B-29s from bases into the region, however actual operations from this conflict include Ranch Hand, Flaming Dart and Linebacker. When news of an alleged attack of the Maddox and Turner Joy was reported, a resolution was passed for the body of water in which they were attacked. Haeberle and Eddie took photographs of controversial incidents that decreased domestic support for this conflict, the My Lai Massacre and Tet Offensive. This conflict ended with the Fall of Saigon and Duong Van Minh’s surrender For 10 points, name this conflict fought in Southeast Asia during the 1960’s and 1970’s .
ANSWER:Vietnam War
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7.This man constructed a post war analysis by breaking down interactions between four groups and how each character defines the others and themselves in Anti-Semite and Jew. After reading Heidegger’s Being and Time ,this man explained the concept where individuals define themselves via their social categorization, “bad faith" in his work, Being and Nothingness This man wrote a novel where Antoine Roquentin settles in Bouville, however he is afflicted with the title sickness where he begins to hate everything he once loved, that work is entitled Nausea . He authored a work where Estelle stabs Inez in a room filled with Second Empire furniture, where Garcin declares that “Hell is other people”. For 10 points name this French existentialist author of No Exit.
ANSWER: Jean-Paul Sartre
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8.One epic poem from this country begins with a love affair between Nandi and the title character’s father, Senzangakhona. In addition to Mazisi Kunene, this country is home to the short story collection The Soft voice of the Serpent. One work from this country is about a frontier town whose peaceful existence is ended by Colonel Joll and another work is a play about a conversation between Sam, Willie, and Hally. Those works are Waiting for the Barbarians and Master Harold... and the Boys. The setting of Cry, the Beloved Country, For 10 points, name this country home of authors like J.M. Coetzee, Alan Paton, and Nadine Gordimer.
ANSWER: Republic of South Africa
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9.The bass drum player received the second highest salary in this composer’s band. The Viceroy Enrico Medigua disguises himself as the title Peruvian rebel in one of this man’s operettas. This man wrote marches such as El Capitan and The Washington Post. Credited with creating the standard form of the American march, this man composed the official Marine Corps march. Along with the Liberty Bell March and Semper Fidelis, this man also composed Stars and Stripes Forever. For 10 points, name this iconic American composer known as the March King.
ANSWER: John Philip Sousa
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10.Puromycin interferes with the reaction that takes place in this structure, and the activity of these structures can be stopped with chloramphenicol. This organelle begins its primary function when it recognizes Shine-Dalgarno sequence in Prokaryotes and the Kozac sequence for eukaryotes. These organelles are described by Svedberg units and eukaryotes consist of 60S and 40S subunits. The enzyme peptidyl transferase causes the transfer of amino acids from tRNA anticodons to the forming protein in these organelles. They are manufactured in the nucleolus and are found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. For 10 points name these organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
ANSWER: Ribosomes
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11.This man, along with Charles Lee, captured the town of Vila Velha de Rodao. He was instrumental in introducing light cavalry into the British Army, and later received command of British armies due to the failure of his predecessor to capture Fort Ticonderoga. However, this general’s defeat proved to be much more grievous as it led France to recognize the US as a nation and enter the war. For 10 points, name this British “gentleman” who surrendered to Horatio Gates at the Battle of Saratoga.
ANSWER: John Burgoyne
<Perfect> add “how he failed to protect Jane McCrea lead to support for the other side”?
12.In one scene in this book, the main character is attacked by a swarm of house cats. That same character is later beaten by several cops. This novel’s final chapter was initially left out of the book’s American release, much to the dismay of the author. After being convicted of murdering an old woman, the main character volunteers to undergo the Ludovico Technique to reform his ways, but the effects are reversed at the end of the novel. That teenage character wanders the city, speaking in a made-up Nadsat slang to his gang of droogs, Dim, George and Pete. That character, Alex, often calls himself “Your Humble Narrator”, and has a passion for Beethoven. For 10 points, name this dystopian novel by Anthony Burgess that was widely banned for its large amount of murder and rape.
ANSWER: A Clockwork Orange
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13.Joseph Heller's novel Picture This recounts the creation of one of this man's paintings, whose central figure wears a jeweled chain and a medallion of Alexander the Great. Another of his paintings was originally thought to depict a man with his hand on the chest of his daughter. This artist of The Jewish Bride and Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer is most famous for a work from which a halberd-wielding man was removed in 1715. That painting's name comes from the dark varnish, and shows a girl approaching Arquebusiers with a dead chicken. For 10 points, identify this Dutch painter who showed the company of Frans Banning Cocq in The Night Watch.
ANSWER: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn
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14.In the Brothers Karamazov, this man makes an appearance in the Grand Inquisitor chapter. He was criticized for, among many things, not jumping off a pinnacle. This man told the story of a woman who added Leaven to bread, and another story about a mustard seed. Those stories, along with others such as that of the Good Samaritan, were included in this man’s parables. This man also resisted Temptations from Satan. He was baptized by John the Baptist, and that was one of the five milestones in his life, which includes Transfiguration, Ascension, Resurrection, and Crucifiction. For 10 points name this Christian prophet and supposed son of God, with mother Mary.
Answer: Jesus Christ (accept either name)
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15.During the last days of this period, a group nicknamed the “Wolves of Mibu” protected the former capital. That group was the shinsengumi, and a ruler of this period attempted to get rid of Christianity, leading to the Shimabara Rebellion. This era enacted sakoku, an isolationist foreign policy. The namesake ruler of this era ordered a siege divided into the Winter and Summer Campaigns, taking control of Osaka. Supporters of this period lost at the battle of Hakodate, and this regime was established after the battle of Sekigahara. For 10 points, name this last shogunate of Japan forced open by Matthew Perry, preceding the Meiji Restoration.
ANSWER: Tokugawa Shogunate or Tokugawa Bakufu [accept Edo period]
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16.Andrieux reviewed this man’s verse tragedy titled “Cromwell” and wrote that he “should do anything he likes, but not literature”. One work by this man follows the romance between Felix de Vandenesse and Henriette de Mortsauf. In another work Marquis de Montauran leads the title peasants of Brittany in a movement against the French Revolution. In addition to The Lily of the Valley and The Chouans, this man wrote about the title character who dies without his two ungrateful daughters, Anastasie and Delphine. The creator of Eugene de Rastignac, for 10 points, name this French author who collected The Wild Ass’s Skin and Cousin Bette in The Human Comedy.
ANSWER: Honor¨¦ de Balzac
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17.This equation can be combined with the Fresnel equations to derive Brewster's angle, facilitating the polarization of reflected light. Though this law was originally discovered by Ibn Sahl and rediscovered by Thomas Harriot, its namesake derived it in 1621, long before Fermat formulated his principle of least time. It allows for the calculation of the angle at which total internal reflection occurs, and states that sine of theta sub one over the sign of theta sub two is equal to the ratio of the speed of lights in two media. For 10 points, identify this law named after its Dutch formulator, which calculates the angles of incidence given two indices of refraction.
ANSWER: Snellius's Law
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18.It has been claimed that this musician was once the second-highest paid child entertainer in the world, behind only Jackie Coogan. He began playing drums at 1 year old, and by 18 months, he was in a vaudeville act, billed as Traps the Drum Wonder. A signature segment of his drum solos would be a crescendo, accelerando single-stroke roll on the snare drum, slowly moving in and out from the center before climaxing. He is famous for never having had a formal drum lesson- his only teacher taught him how to read music. Among his most admired techniques are his crossovers and his “stick-trick” rolls. However, his perhaps most famous one his is unique traditional grip and the one-handed roll. For 10 points, name this American drummer, whose most famous works include a West Side Story medley.
ANSWER: Buddy Rich
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19.The observation of a double one of these confirmed the gravitational lens effect predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. The first truly triple one was found at W.M.Keck Observatory Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The brightest one of these celestial bodies in the sky is 3C 273, and the luminosity of these varies on a variety of time scales. Accretion discs around black holes are believed to power these bodies, and they were first identified as being high redshift sources of electromagnetic energy. For 10 points, name these celestial bodies which surround supermassive black holes in the center of massive galaxies, which pulsate energy.