Ecology Notes Part 2
Slide # 2: Important Vocabulary
1.Biotic factors: ______
2.Abiotic factors: ______, ______things______, ______, ______
3.Habitat: The ______in which an organism ______.
4.Niche: an organism’s ______/ ______in the ecosystem.
Slide # 3 & 4: Five Species of Warblers & Their Niches
1.No two species can ______the ______same ______in a habitat.
Slide # 4: Descriptions of Niches
1.Its ______in the ______.
2.Conditions Needed for Survival
- ______range it has ______to. b.______on water.
3.When and how it ______.
EX: Corals release eggs and sperm ______.
Slide # 5-6: Community Interactions: Competition AND Competition Can help Define Niche
1.Competition: Occurs when organisms of the same or
different species try to ______the same ______at the same ______.
2.Resource: any ______of life.
EX: ______, ______, ______, ______or ______.
Slide # 7: More Important Vocabulary
1.Community: all ______living in a given area
a.Populations w/in communities ______w/ one another in their habitat.
b.These relationships are important in ______the ______in nature.
2.Symbiosis: close relationship between two organisms in which at least ______of the organisms involved ______.
Slide # 8: Symbiosis: Parasitism
1.Parasitism: one organism (parasite) ______and the other is ______(host).
EX: ______, ______, and body ______.
Slide # 9: Symbiosis: Commensalism
1.Commensalism: One organism ______, and the other organism is neither ______or ______. EX: ______or birds building nests in trees.
Slide # 10 & 11: Symbiosis: Mutualism
1.Both organisms ______from the relationship.EX: ______
EX:.______
Slide # 12: Predator-Prey Relationships
1.Predation: interaction in which one organism ______and ______on another organism.
2.Predator: organism that does the ______and ______.
3.Prey: Organism that is ______(food).
Multiple Choice
____1.During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave its usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due to
A. / its need to find different foods to eat.B. / the change in an abiotic factor in its environment.
C. / its need to find a new habitat.
D. / the change in a biotic factor in its environment.
____2.An organism’s niche is
A. / the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which it uses those conditions.B. / all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment.
C. / the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive.
D. / a full description of the place an organism lives.
____3.Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
A. / have different habitats within the tree.B. / eat different foods within the tree.
C. / occupy different niches within the tree.
D. / can find different temperatures within the tree.
____4.No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
A. / because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem.B. / unless the species require different abiotic factors.
C. / because of the competitive exclusion principle.
D. / unless the species require different biotic factors.
____5.The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an exampleof
A. / mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food and the insect pollinates the flower.B. / parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower.
C. / commensalism because the insect does not harm the flower and the flower does not benefit from the relationship.
D. / predation because the insect feeds on the flower.
____6.A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by
A. / killing and eating the competitors of other species.B. / living symbiotically with other species.
C. / avoiding certain prey species.
D. / crowding out the species it does not eat.
Name: ______Period: ______Date: ______
Biology CH 4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem
Directions: Read pages 90-93. Use the word bank to match the definition or description to the statement. Words may be used more than once.
SymbiosisResourceMutualismParasitismCommensalismPrey
NicheCompetitionBiotic factorsAbiotic factorsPredator
______1.Living organisms within an ecosystem
______2.Physical (nonliving) factors that shape an ecosystem
______3.An organism’s role (what it eats and where it reproduces) in an ecosystem
______4.Results when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use a resource (food, water, shelter, etc.)
______5.Anything that is necessity for life: food, water, nesting site, sunlight; etc.
______6.An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism
______7.Organism that is captured or eaten
______8.Organisms that kills and eats the other organism
______9.Organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
______10.Any relationship in which two species live closely together
______11.Type of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship
______12.Type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the second on is neither harmed nor helped
______13.Type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed
______14.A wolf captures a deer. The wolf is the:
______15.A lion captures a zebra. The zebra is the:
______16.A tick sucking the blood of a dog
______17.A bird builds a nest in a tree
______18.A yucca moth pollinates a yucca plant. The yucca moth cannot live without the yucca plant and the yucca plant cannot live without the yucca moth.
______19.An owl is active and hunts at night; it builds its nest in trees
______20.Barnacles attach themselves to a whale’s skin. The whale is not harmed, but the barnacle gets a constant supply of food from the moving water.
______21.A tapeworm in the intestine of a dog; the tapeworm gets nutrients from the dog and the dog doesn’t get enough nutrients.
22.If two organisms occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time, what must be true about the organisms?
______
______
23.Owls and hawks often live in the same areas and hunt the same foods. Why can they survive together in the same habitat?
______
______
Slide # 13: Populations and Their Growth (Beginning of Chapter 5)
1.Growth rate: a ______in a population’s ______.
2.A population’s size can increase (______), decrease
(______) or remain the same (______).
3.Exponential growth: a ______shaped curve
4.Logistic growth: an ______shaped curve
5.Carrying capacity: the ______number of individuals a given
environment can ______.
Slide # 14: Positive Population Growth
1.Occurs when ______rate is ______than ______rate.
2.Usually occurs when conditions are ______; will ______something stops it.
Slide # 15: Negative Population Growth
1.Occurs when ______rate is ______than ______rate.
a.EX: ______and ______left an area without enough
______to sustain all of the wildlife (Near the end of Lion King)
b.Individuals ______& the population ______.
Slide # 16: Steady State – No Population Growth
1.Occurs when ______and ______rates are about ______.
Slide # 17: Population Boom (great Increase) &
Population Bust (great decrease)
1.Boom: ______
2.Bust: ______
Slide # 18 - 19: Limiting Factors: Limit Population Growth
1.Limiting Factors: help ______population numbers when the population reaches ______for that ecosystem.
- Density independent limiting factors: factors that affect ______members of the population ______if the population is
______or not.
- EX: Natural disasters: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______,
______, ______.
b.Density dependent limiting factors: factors that affect ______populations.
- EX: ______, ______, ______& ______,
______, & ______.
Slide # 20- 22: Density Dependent Limiting Factors
1.______for limited ______is the most important limiting factor that affects ______.
2.Predation
a.Most species serve as ______for others.
b.These ______relationships are important for the ______& ______of predator – prey relationships.
- Removes the ______& ______individuals.
3.Crowding and Stress
a.Most animals have a built-in need for a certain amount of ______and end up ______among themselves if they become overcrowded.
b.Increase in ______can ______their resistance to ______, reduce ______, or cause low birth weight.
c.Individuals who are stressed out may ______, ______, or even eat their ______.
4.Parasitism and Disease
The more crowded the population, the easier it is for ______and ______to spread from one to another.
Name: ______Period: ______Hour: ______
Biology CH 5-1 How Populations Grow
Directions: Read page 119-123 and answer the questions below.
Word Bank: Death rateLogistic growthPopulation density
Birth RateExponential growthCarrying Capacity
______1.The number of individuals per unit area
______2.The number of individuals born
______3.The number of individuals that die
______6.When individuals reproduce at a constant rate; a “J shaped” curve
______7.When individuals reproduce at a slower rate; a “S shaped” curve
______8.The largest number of individuals that a given environment can support
______9.There are 30 deer in the 350-acre area.
______10.There were 10 deer born in the 350-acre area last year.
______12.Seven deer died or were killed by hunters in the 350 acre are last year.
CH 5-2 Limits to Growth
Directions: Read pages 124 to 127 to answer the questions below.
Word bank:Limiting factorDensity dependentDensity Independent
______17.Anything that causes population growth to decrease
______18.Become limiting only when the population density reaches a certain level
______19.Factors that affect ALL populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size
______20.A hurricane destroyed the oyster beds
______21.Competition for food, living space, water, sunlight
______22.A fungal disease spread throughout the cornfield, destroying 80% of the corn crop
______23.A decrease in the moose population led to a decrease in the wolf population
______24.A mudslide occurred on the mountainside in Southern California
______25.A fungus that attacked the potato crop caused the potato famine of the 1840’s
______26.Few plants grow on the forest floor in the rain forest due to competition for sunlight
______27.The forest was destroyed during the recent wildfire
______28.The tornado uprooted both tall and small trees in its 100 mile path
______29.All of the dogs in the dog pound were infected with fleas
______30.Competition for food, living space, water, sunlight
______31.The drought destroyed 80% of the wheat crop last year
______32.The wolves were exterminated in the Yellowstone National Park in the early 20th century which lead to a population explosion of deer in the area
Ecological Succession
Slide # 23: Ecological Succession(pg 94-97)
Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human disturbances. As an ecosystem changes, older
inhabitants graduallydie out and new organisms move in, causing further changes in the community.
Ecological succession – defined as ______
Slide # 24-25: Primary Succession
- Occurs on surfaces where ______
Ex: ______
- First species to populate the area is called the ________.
- ______is the most common pioneer species after a volcano. Lichen = fungus and alga capable of growing on bare rock. As lichen grows, it helps to break up the rocks. When lichen die they add organic material to help form soil to support plants.
Slide # 26-27: Secondary Succession
- Secondary Succession – Occurs when a ______of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil.
Ex: ______
- Ecologists believe that succession in a given area proceeds in predictable stages ending with a mature, stable community, referred to as a ______.
Land and Aquatic Biomes
Slide # 28: Important Vocabulary
1.Biome: complex terrestrial ______that cover a large area.
2.Characterized by a:
- Certain ______and ______.
- EX: Deserts are characterized by ______soils and ______precipitation.
b.Certain assemblage of ______and ______.
- EX: Desert plants usually have ______, ______root systems.
Slide # 29: Relationship Between Temperature and Precipitation and Biome Location
Ecology Notes part 2- 1
- Tropical Rain Forest –
- Tropical Dry Forest –
- Tropical Savanna –
- Desert –
- Temperate Grassland –
- Temperate Woodland & Shrubland (Chaparral)–
- Temperate Forest –
- Northwestern Coniferous Forest –
- Boreal Forest (Taiga)–
- Tundra –
Ecology Notes part 2- 1