Questions on Endocrine system
I-Mention in short
*hormones of adrenal medulla and their functions
*hormones of adrenal cortex and function of each
*hormones of posterior pituitary and their
*hormones of pancreas and their effects
*three major groups of hormones produced by adrenal cortex
*hormones of pituitary gland and functions of each
*Hormones of the thyroid gland and their effect
*the two regulating systems of the body
*the two regulating mechanisms of hormone secretion
*disorders of growth hormone
*names of tropic hormones and function of each
*names of hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
*gonadotropic hormones and effect of each
*hormones of parathyroid gland and their effects
*disorders of adrenal cortex
*hormones of the ovary and functions of each
*hormones of the testis and functions of each
*some functions of prostaglandins
II-DEFINE ONLY
-target organ
-goiter
-hormone
-mixed endocrine gland
-tropic hormone
- acromegaly
- giantism
- pituitary dwarfism
- gretinism
- myxedema
- Addisons disease
- Cusgings disease
III-Put (T ) opposite true and (F) opposite false statements:
-Most of the endocrine glands decrease their secretions with age,
-Each hormone has a specific stimulus for secretion.
-calcitonin is hyocalcemic while PTH is hypercalcemic
-In the case of severe hemorrhage, ADH is released in large amounts
-ADH causes vasoconstriction, especially in arterioles,
-ADH help to raise or at least maintain blood pressure.
-Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy
-oxytocin stimulates release of milk from the mammary glands.
-The secretion of oxytocin is one of the few positive feedback mechanisms withinthe body,
-anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
-Growth hormone increases the transport of amino acids into cells, and increases therate of protein synthesis.
-Any type of dehydration stimulates the secretion of ADH to conserve body water
-Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands when there is a need for them,
- The cells of endocrine glands respond to changes in the blood or perhaps to otherhormones in the blood.
-When a hormone brings about its effects, the stimulus is reversed, and secretion ofthe hormone decreases until the stimulus reoccurs.
- Insulin is secreted by the pancreas when the blood glucose level is high
-When blood calcium levels drop below certain level;the parathyroid releases PTH
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an antagonist to calcitonin
-anterior pituitary is controlled by thalamus
-glucagon is hypoglycemic hormone
-posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis),is an extension of the nerve tissue of the hypothalamus
-The two hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are actually produced by the hypothalamus.
III-fill the following spaces with proper words:
------is exocrine and endocrine gland ------are bone eating cells.
------produces secondary male sex characters
------produces secondary female sex characters
-The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) hangs by a short stalk (infundibulum) from the ------and is enclosed by the ------of the sphenoid bone.
------; is the stimulus for secretion of insulin.
-the other name for------is vasopressin.
-The secretion of most hormones is regulated by------
------hormone is necessary for normal physical, mental, and sexual development.
-the stimulus for secretion of------isTSH from the anterior pituitary.
------secreted by the pineal gland during darkness; brings on sleep.
------hormones synthesized by cells from the phospholipids of their cell membranes; exert their effects locally
-The target organs of aldosterone are the ------
-Secretion of insulin is stimulated by ------
------are both secreted in stress situations and help prepare the body for “fight or flight.
-PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to the blood.
------increases blood calcium levels.
-PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium and the excretion of phosphate
-Secretion of PTH is stimulated by hypocalcemia,
- PTH and ------have antagonistic effects
------is essential for the process of blood clotting and for normal activity of neurons andmuscle cells.
------a sustained hypersecretion of PTH, remove calcium from bones and weaken them.
------, is responsible for initiation and maintainence of milk production by the mammary glands.
------increases the reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
------decreases the amount of urine formed.
------helps maintain normal blood pressure
The stimulus for secretion of ------is decreased water content of the body
-the two major portions of pituitary gland are------&------
------is hypoglycemic hormone while------is hyperglycemic and both are produced by------
- Gonadotropic hormones are released from------and their names are------and------
- iodine is needed for------hormone generation
------causes uterine contraction
------hormone causes water reabsorption in kidneys
- hormones of the anterior pituitary are secreted in response to------secreted by hypothalamus
The two hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are actually produced by the ------
- The hormone-producing cells of the pancreas are called ------
IV-Match table A With table B
Table A Table B
( )-Calcitonin a-every cell is a target
( )-Parathormone b-hypercalcemic hormone
( )-Glucocorticoids c-hyperglycemic hormone
( )-Thyroxin d-deposits calcium in bones
( )-Growth hormone e-related to pituitary dwarfism
f-tropic hormone
------
Table A Table B
( )-Aldosterone a-male sex hormone
( )-Epinephrine b-promotes sodium reabsorption
( )-Androgens c-hypoglycemic hormone
( )-Insulin d-stimulates milk production
( )-Prolactin e-female sex hormone
f-secreted by adrenal medulla
------
TableA( )- prostaglandin TableB 1-hyperglycemic hormoe
( )-insulin 2-salt and water retention
( )-aldosterone 3-locally acting hormone
( )-glucagon 4- hypercalcemic hormone
( )-parathormone 5- major metabolic hormone
6-hypoglycemic hormone