The First Known Inhabitants Settle in Ireland

IRISH TIMELINE

7500 B.C.

The first known inhabitants settle in Ireland

600-150 B.C.

Celtic tribes arrive on the island

Ireland

Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600-150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions.

Languages & Population

Approximate Population:4,109,086 (July 2007 est.)

Nationality (Noun):Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective)

Nationality (Adjective):Irish

Official Language(s):English,Gaelic

Major Languages Spoken:English,Gaelic,Scots

Country Facts

Country Name:Ireland

Country Name (local short form):Eire

Name of Capital:Dublin

Countries Near by, and Bordering Ireland:United Kingdom

Land Area:68890 sq km

Water Area:1390 sq km

Total Land Boundry:360 km

Coastline:1,448 km

National Holiday:Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March

International Phone Code:353

Currency Code:euro (EUR)

Internet Country Code:.ie

432 A.D.

St. Patrick arrives in Ireland, bringing Christianity

Saint Patrick

Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. St Patrick's Day is March 17

St Patrick is traditionally associated with the Shamrock plant, which he used to explain the concept of the Trinity

St Patrick's value doesn't really come from the historical details but from the inspiration of a man who returned to the country where he had been a child slave, in order to bring the message of Christ.

Facts in brief

·  St Patrick really existed

·  Taken to Ireland as a slave at age 16

·  Escaped after 6 years

·  Became a Christian priest, and later a Bishop

·  Returned to Ireland as a missionary

·  Played a major part in converting the Irish to Christianity

·  Some of his writings survive, theConfessioand theLetter to Coroticus

1541

Britain's King Henry VIII is declared King of Ireland by Englishmen living in Ireland. He opposes the Catholic religion

1608

Britain's King James I sends thousands of Protestant English farmers to Ireland to take over land owned by Catholic farmers, mostly in the north.

1692

New laws forbid Catholics to vote, own land or practice their religion. Such laws remain in effect until 1829.

1845-1849

A potato blight kills Ireland's staple food crop. About a million people die from starvation and fever during the Great Potato Famine.

Collection of Maggie Land Blanck, 2012
The Irish Famine: Scene at the gate of a workhouse, 1847

Print collection of Maggie Land Blanck

Searching for potatoes in a stubble field

Illustrated London News, December 22, 1849

A Brief Recap of The Great Famine of 1845-1849

1846

300 people were evicted from the village of Ballinglass, Co. Galway, though none were in arrears of rent (13 March).

Three-quarters of the potato harvest was lost through blight (Summer/Fall).

The first deaths from starvation were reported.

1847

The Famine was at its height.

Typhus and other diseases spread throughout the country.

The potato harvest was blight-free but small. The corn harvest was good.

380 doctors were thought to have died in Ireland between the start of the famine and the end of 1847.

1848

1848 The potato crop was two-thirds the normal size. The Famine continued.

Cholera reappeared in November 1848 and continued into May 1849.

1849

William Crolly, Catholic archbishop of Armagh, died of cholera at Drogheda (6 April).

Over a million people died during the famine, most from disease.

Over 90,000 evictions occurred during the famine.

The Great Famine

The famine affected all of Ireland. However, some areas suffered more than others. Rural areas suffered more than the towns and cities.

The potato was the major food crop of the impoverished Irish because it was economic, easy to plant, and grew well in the rocky soil. Any wheat, barley, and/or oats that the cottiers grew or pigs that they raised were sold to pay the rent. Everything was used, potato shins and surplus potatoes were fed to the pigs, and pig manure was used to fertilize the potato fields.

By 1820 the potato was the staple the cottiers diet in Mayo. The potatoes was seasoned with salt and eaten three times a day. According to several published reports, adult males ate up tofourteen poundsof potatoes a day. Women and older children ate abouteleven pounds. The only other food was cabbage, fish, an occasional fowl, eggs and some dairy products.It is estimated that seven million tons of potatoes a year were required to feed the population of Ireland in the 1840's.As awful as this diet sounds, the potato eating Irish were better nourished and healthier, than other populations in the rest of Europe at the time.

1916

The Easter Rebellion. Armed Irish patriots rebel against British troops in Dublin, Ireland, on the Monday after Easter. The British execute rebel leaders.

1919-1921

The Anglo-Irish War between the British and the Irish Republican Army. In a treaty, Britain finally gives up control of most of Ireland but tightens its grip on the six counties of Ulster (Northern Ireland).

1921-1923

Irish Civil War between those who accept the treaty with the English and the Irish Republican Army, which wants all of Ireland to be free of British rule. The Republicans lose.

1949

Britain declares Ulster a permanent part of the British Empire. The lower 26 counties of Ireland declare themselves the Irish Republic, totally free of British control.

1972

During anti-British protests in the Ulster town of Londonderry on January 30, 13 unarmed marchers are killed by British troops, an event now known as Bloody Sunday. Britain imposes direct rule on Ulster. A more intense era of bloodshed begins. The Irish call this violence the Troubles.

1990 Mary Robinson becomes the first woman president of Ireland.

1998

Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland adopt on The Good Friday Agreement, an important step in the peace process.

2002

The Euro replaces the Irish pound, or punt, as Ireland's official currency.

Euro currency

2005-2006

European Flag

The European Union officially recognizes Irish as a working language. The Irish government begins a 20-year plan to make Ireland a bilingual country where everyone speaks both Irish and English.

Irish - English Place Names

·  1 - Sligo

·  2 - Galway

·  3 - Ennis

·  4 - Tralee

·  5 - Killarney

·  6 - Cork

·  7 - Wexford

·  8 - Kilkenny

·  9 - Kingstown

·  10 - Droghedd

·  11 - Dundalk

·  12 - Monaghan

·  13 - Limerick

Dublin: Capital of Ireland.

Belfast: Main city in Northern Ireland.

Londonderry: Originally called Derry.

Produced by Riah, Niral and Ameera

Northfield House Primary School

Gipsy Lane

Leicester LE4 9DL