APPLICATION OF PSM INDICATORS TO INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
4.1 PSM Indicators for Nagara River Estuary Barrage (case study)
(1)Social Dimension
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Safety / Mortality / Contribution to protection of human loss due to floods
Relevance to project / Contribution to protection of human loss due to natural disasters
Countermeasure in project / Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcement
Project indicator / Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations
Project evaluation / No human loss due to floods after commencement of operations.
(2) Environmental Dimension
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Fresh water / Public water body / Measurements of changes in algae concentration
Relevance to project / Effects of project on algae concentration in public water body
Countermeasure in project / Gate operations during high concentration periods
Project indicator / Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water
Project evaluation / Almost no change.
Theme
FIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Fresh water / Fisheries / Monitoring of changes in annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)
Relevance to project / Effects of project on annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)
Countermeasure in project / Construction of three kinds of fishways
Project indicator / Changes in annual average catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) after commencement of operations
Project evaluation / Slightly decreased, but not significant.
Theme
FIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Fresh water
EN-14 / Water quality / Measurements of BOD on water bodies affected by project
Relevance to project / Effects of project on BOD in water bodies
Countermeasure in project / Aeration by aerator-equipped boat
Project indicator / Concentration of BOD on water bodies affected by project
Project evaluation / Almost no change.
FIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Fresh water / Water quality / Measurements of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) on water bodies affected by project
Relevance to project / Effects of project on DO in water bodies
Countermeasure in project / Aeration by aerator-equipped boat
Project indicator / Concentration of DO on water bodies affected by project
Project evaluation / Almost no change.
Theme
FIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Biodiversity
EN-17 / Species / Measurement of the affect of project on the abundance of key species - Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)
Relevance to project / Effects of project on abundance of key species
Countermeasure in project / Construction of three kinds of fishways
Project indicator / Changes in upstream migration of Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)
Project evaluation / Slightly decreased, but not significant.
(3) Economic dimension
FIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Institutional capacity / Disaster preparedness & response / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to floods
Relevance to project / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to natural disasters
Countermeasure in project / Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcement
Project indicator / Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations
Project evaluation / No damages to households due to floods after commencement of operations.
Theme
FIDIC PSM Code / Sub-theme / Core project indicator /
Institutional capacity / Water use / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts
Relevance to project / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts
Countermeasure in project / Water storage by construction of gates
Project indicator / Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations
Project evaluation / 76 % of water demand covered during droughts after commencement of operations.
(4) Comprehensive Evaluation
4.2 Proposal on PSM Indicators for Infrastructure Construction Project
As a conclusion from the case study on Nagara River Estuary Barrage Project, the followings are proposed to PSM indicators for infrastructure projects:
- The indicators shown in appendices of FIDIC’s PSM Guidelines seem to be focused on the project in developing countries. The new indicators should be formulated to be applied to developed countries/regions.
- Public involvement and accountability are basic conditions of PSM. At this time, however, there must be many countries where the public is not well involved. Therefore, in order to facilitate public involvement and accountability in these countries, some indicators on communication with stakeholders should be introduced.
- PSM, which is focused on the construction phase, lacks post-construction evaluation. Like EMS, monitoring and evaluation should be performed for a certain period after construction, leading to the improvement of the project. Consulting engineers could contribute to such specialized fields.
- Each indicator should be weighted. Every infrastructure project has its main purpose, and to obtain specific benefits, some impacts to the environment may be unavoidable. Therefore, every indicator should not be evaluated at the same level. The reasonable weights between indicators should be determined through broad discussions with stakeholders.
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PSM Indicators and evaluation for Nagara River Estuary Barrage (case study)
Dimension / Theme(FIDIC PSM Code) / Sub-theme / Project indicator / Relevance to project / Core project indicator / Countermeasure in project / Project evaluation /
SO / Safety / Mortality / Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations / Contribution to protection of human loss due to natural disasters / Contribution to protection of human loss due to floods / Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcement / No human loss due to floods after commencement of operations
EN / Fresh water / Public water body / Concentration of chlorophyll-a in back water (stagnant flow) / Effects of project on algae concentration in public water body / Measurements of changes in algae concentration / Gate operations during high concentration periods / Almost no change.
EN / Fresh water / Fisheries / Changes in annual average catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) after commencement of operations / Effects of project on annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) / Monitoring of changes in annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) / Construction of three kinds of fishways / Slightly decreased, not significant.
(Examinations of other impacts such as change in coastal environment, change in water temp. are necessary)
EN / Fresh water
(EN-14) / Water quality / Concentration of BOD in water bodies affected by project / Effects of project on BOD in water bodies / Measurements of BOD in water bodies affected by project / Aeration by equipped boat / Almost no change.
EN / Fresh water / Water quality / Concentration of DO in water bodies affected by project / Effects of project on DO in water bodies / Measurements of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) on water bodies affected by project / Aeration by equipped boat / Almost no change.
EN / Biodiversity
(EN-17) / Species / Changes in upstream migration of sweet-fish (Ayu in Japanese) / Effects of project on abundance of key species / Measurement of the affect of project on the abundance of key species – sweet-fish / Construction of three kinds of fishways / Slightly decreased, not significant.
(Examinations similar to those of Satsukimasu are necessary)
EC / Institutional capacity / Disaster preparedness & response / Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to natural disasters / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to floods / Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcement / No damages to households due to floods after commencement of operations.
EC / Institutional capacity / Water use / Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts / Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts / Water storage capacity by construction of gates / 76 % of water demand covered during the worst droughts after commencement of operations.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author would like to express his gratitude to Chubu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure and Transport and to Chubu Regional Bureau, Japan Water Agency for kindly providing with useful data for the presentation.
He extends special thanks to Dr. Yoshiyuki Kamibayashi for valuable advices and for providing
pertinent materials on this subject.
Further appreciations go to the members of AJCE, FIDIC Policy Promotion Sub-committee, Mr. Kaoru Kariya, Mr. Koichiro Haru, Mr. Kuniaki Araoka and to Mr. Masanori Sodekawa for the preparation of presentation.
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