Name: ______Date: ______
The Reproductive System
Chapter 17
1. The process of reduction division that allows chromosomal number to go from a diploid to haploid state is called ______Meosis______.
2. For every 1 primary spermatocyte, _____4_____ spermatids are produced.
3. What combination of sex chromosomes produce a male offspring? ______XY______
4. The cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens are called ______Interstitial cells______.
5. Which structure serves as a site of storage and maturation for spermatozoa? _took either epididymis or testes
6. The sheath of skin that houses the non-erect penis is the: _____prepuce______
7. Where does spermatogenesis take place? ______Seminiferous tubules or testes______
8. List 4 male reproductive organs: (took multiple answers)
a. ______Scrotum______
b. _____Penis______
c. ______Testes______
d. ______Epididymis______
9. List one function of the male reproductive system: (took multiple answers)
a. ______Produce testosterone, spermatogenesis, fertilize ova, etc______
10. What is the male androgen that is produced by the testes? Testosterone______
11. For each primary oocyte that is activated, how many mature ova are produced? ___1___
12. The female gonads are the __Ovaries______.
13. What structure of the female reproductive tract is the site of fertilization?__Oviducts or Fallopian Tubes_
14. The tube that receives the penis during breeding in most animals is the: I took either vulva, vestibule of the vulva or vagina. Preferred answer was vulva.__
15. The name of the connective tissue structure that “pulls” the testes into the scrotum is termed the Gubernaculum______.
16. During this event, a cell makes an exact copy of itself, resulting in 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent in genetic makeup __mitosis____.
17. Name two functions of the female reproductive system: (took multiple answers)
a. ______oogenesis______
b. ______house offspring, lactation, etc______
18. The portion of the broad ligament that supports the oviduct is called the ____mesoalpinx______.
19. The portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus is called the ______mesometrium______.
20. Please list the three layers of the uterus starting from the inner layer to the outer layer:
a. ______Endometrium______
b. _____Myometrium______
c. __Perimetrium______
21. During this stage of the estrous cycle, the ovary shuts down all activity: _____Anestrus____
22. The bony portion of a dog penis is termed: ___os penis______
23. This body is a result of oogenesis, yet never develops into an ova. It instead becomes a “trashcan” for unwanted chromosomal material. _____polar body______.
24. If one or both testes do not descend into the scrotum, the animal is said to be: ______Cryptorchid______(term for undescended testes).
25. The midpiece of the sperm contains ______mitochondria____ which is responsible for ______energy______.
26. List the three portions of the epididymis:
a. ______head______
b. ______body______
c. ______tail______
27. The only accessory reproductive gland of the dog is the ______prostate gland______.
28. Please list the three portions of the penis:
a. ______roots___
b. ______body or shaft______
c. ______glans______
29. This structure is located in the female vulva and is equivalent to the male penis: ______clitoris______.
30. OHE stand for (must spell correctly) ____Ovariohysterectomy______.
31. The act of breeding allowed by the female during estrous or heat period is called ______copulation or intromission______.
32. Inflammation of the mammary glands is termed _____mastitis______.
33. The structure that supports the growing fetus by providing nutrients and oxygen and carrying away waste products is the: ______placenta or umbilical cord______.
34. Once an ovum is fertilized, it is referred to as the ______zygote______.
35. Please list the gestation periods for the following animals (may list in days or months).
a. Dog ______63 days or 2 months______
b. Human ____40 weeks or 9 months______
c. Horse _____11 months_
d. Pig ______3 months, 3 weeks, 3 eays_____
36. What type of placental attachment does the cat have? ______zonary______
37. When the zygote is a solid mass of cells, it is in the _____morula______stage.
38. When the cells of the zygote form a bump on one side that is the future embryo, this stage of the cell is termed the ______blastocyst______(is the stage where implantation occurs).
39. From the innermost layer that surrounds the fetus to the outermost layer, please list the three layers of the placenta:
a. ______amnion______
b. ______allantois______
c. ______chorion______
40. This tube contains drainage from the fetus bladder and is contained in the umbilical cord: ______urachus______.
41. The area of the placental side of the placentome is termed the ______cotyledone______.
42. This type of placental attachment is found in humans and other primates is termed the: _____discoid______
43. Please list the 3 stages of labor:
a. _____uterine contractions______
b. _____delivery of newborn______
c. _____delivery of placenta______
44. If a fetus has an abnormal presentation and must be delivered through the abdomen, this procedure is called a ______Ceasarean or C-section______.
45. The first feces from the newborn’s intestinal tract is called ___meconium______.
46. Giving birth is known as _____parturition______.
47. The hormone responsible for maintaining a pregnancy is _____progesterone or progestins______.
48. The rapidly dividing of the zygote is termed __cleavage_____.
49. The rupture of the mature follicle with release of the ova into the oviduct is termed: ____ovulation______
50. In cotyledonary placentation, the mother’s side of the attachment (the uterus side) is called the ___caruncle______.
51. To achieve a normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structure? ______uterus_____
52. Ruminants have what type of placental attachment? ______cotyledonary______
53. All of the following statements are true about oxytocin, EXCEPT:
a. Oxytocin causes milk let-down
b. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions
c. Physical stimulation of the teats and udder will cause secretion of oxytocin
d. Oxytocin causes increased motility of the sperm in the male
54. The series of changes that spermatozoa undergo in the female reproductive tract to increase chances of fertilization is called:
a. Intromission
b. Copulation
c, Capacitation
d. Fertlization
55. What is true about colostrum?
a. It is termed “first milk” following paturition
b. It imparts passive immunity to newborn
c. It is of minimal benefit in mammals
d. Both a and b
56. How many umbilical arteries and veins are contained in the umbilical cord?
a. 2 arteries and 2 veins
b. 2 arteries and 1 vein
c. 1 artery and 2 veins
d. 1 artery and 1 vein
57. Oxytocin causes ______around the alveoli and small ducts to contract during milk letdown.
a. Multiunit cells
b. Endocrine cells
c. Alveoli
d. Myoepithelial cells
58. When is the cervix open?
a. Estrus
b. Pregnancy
c. Parturition
d. Both a and c
59. The period of estrous in which the female is receptive to breeding is:
a. Proestrus
b. Diestrus
c. Estrus
d. Metestrus
60. Cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle?
a. Polyestrous
b. Seasonally Polyestrous
c. Diestrous
d. Monoestrous
61. What species is an induced ovulator?
a. Bovine
b. Equine
c. Canine
d. Feline
62. Dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle?
a. Polyestrous
b. Diestrous
c. Monoestrous
d. Seasonally Polyestrous
63. In what stage of the estrous cycle does the corpus luteum develop?
a. Proestrous
b. Estrus
c. Metestrus
d. Diestrus
64. Which statement about the testes is (are) true?
a. Located outside the abdomen because there is not enough room inside the abdomen
b. Located outside the abdomen because body temperature is too warm inside the abdomen.
c. Testes temperature is regulated by the cremaster muscle.
d. Both b and c
65. During an erection:
a. More blood flows into the penis than out of it
b. More blood flows out of the penis than into it
c. There is no difference between inflow and outflow of blood.
d. Erections have nothing to do with blood flow to the penis.
66. Sertoli cells:
a. Produce testosterone
b. Produce estrogen
c. Nourish developing spermatozoa
d. Both b and c
67. These structures divide the testis into tiny lobules that contain seminiferous tubules, other cells and structures:
a. Tunica albuginea
b. Vaginal tunics
c. Interstitial cells
d. Septa
68. The enlargement found at the end of the vas deferens before it enters the urethra is called:
a. The antrum
b. The ampulla
c. The bulbourethral glands
d. The bulbis glandis
69. Prostaglandins produced by the accessory sex organs are responsible for:
a. Female uterine contractions
b. Providing nutrients to the sperm
c. Providing lubrication to the urethra
d. None of the above
70. The largest portion of erectile tissue in the male penis is the:
a. Corpus hemorrhagicum
b. Corpus spongiosum
c. Corpus cavernosum
d. Corpus luteum
71. The degeneration of follicles that are not developed into ovum is called:
a. Corona radiata
b. Follicular atresia
c. Follicular recruitment
d. Follicular development
72. What term describes the expulsion of semen from the penis?
a. Erection
b. Ejaculation
c. Spermatogenesis
d. Copulation
73. The Diploid number of a dog is:
a. 46
b. 40
c. 78
d. 76
74. The structure produced immediately after an ovarian follicle has ruptured and released it ovum is called:
a. Antrum
b. Corpus hemorrhagicum
c. Sertoli cells
d. Corpus luteum
75. Which domestic species lacks the bulbourethral gland, also known as the Cowper’s gland?
a. Equine
b. Feline
c. Canine
d. Bovine
76. The time period from the beginning of one heat cycle to the next is called the:
a. Estrous cycle
b. Estrus cycle
c. Ovulation
d. Mating cycle
77. The pituitary hormone that promotes follicular development on the ovary is:
a. LH
b. Glucagon
c. FSH
d. Estrogen
78. A surge of this hormone is associated with ovulation.
a. FSH
b. Estrogen
c. Progesterone
d., LH
79. The “cap” that the spermatozoa wears and contains digestive enzymes and nutrients is called the:
a. Head
b. Midpiece
c. Body
d. Acrosome
80. What structure does each testis pass through as it is pulled from its location of development in the abdomen to its final resting place in the scrotum?
a. Inguinal ring
b. Spermatic cord
c. Vas deferens
d. Gubernaculum
81. A pregnant mare has what kind of placentation?
a. Zonary
b. Cotyledonary
c. Diffuse
d. Discoid
82. The canine uterus is shaped like the letter:\
a. U
b. Y
c. J
d. V
83. The diploid number is always an odd number.
a. True
b. False
84. The reproductive system is necessary for survival of the animal.
a. True
b. False
85. A YY combination is possible.
a. True
b. False
86. Two arteries carry blood to the testes.
a. True
b. False
87. During the spermatogenesis process, the potential sperm undergo both mitosis and meiosis.
a. True
b. False
88. Fertilization occurs when the spermatocyte fertilizes the oocyte.
a. True
b. False
89. The reproductive system contains all of the female portion of the reproductive organs only.
a. True
b. False
90. Polar bodies are fertilized by sperm cells.
a. True
b. False
91. FSH stimulates both ovum and sperm production.
a. True
b. False
92. Oocytes are produced throughout the lifetime of the female.
a. True
b. False
93. The female urethra carries both ova and urine
a. True
b. False
94. It would take over an hour for sperm to swim to the oviduct under their own power.
a. True
b. False
95. It is possible for sperm to penetrate the ovum after another sperm has already penetrated the ovum.
a. True
b. False
96. Maternal and fetal blood intermingle with one another in order for the fetal blood to be filtered properly.
a. True
b. False
97. In the zonary attachment type of placental attachment, the placenta is attached to the uterus via multiple placentomes.
a. True
b. False
98. The caruncle is located on the uterus side of the placentome.
a. True
b. False
99. Relaxin is a hormone produced by the corpus luteum.
a. True
b. False
100. Pyometra is more commonly seen in the middle to senior age patients.
a. True
b. False