Statistical analysis
The Shapiro-Wilk’s test was used to test the normal distribution of quantitative variables: as they were normally distributed, mean and SD were used to summarize . The t-test for dependent data was used for comparisons between pre-post treatment. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed with STATA statistical package (vers: 10; Stata Corporation, College Station, 2009, Texas, USA).
. swilk dolore_0 - puf_1
Shapiro-Wilk W test for normal data
Variable | Obs W V z Prob>z
------+------
dolore_0 | 20 0.92855 1.691 1.059 0.14481
urgenza_0 | 20 0.93445 1.552 0.885 0.18802
volumein24~0 | 20 0.95970 0.954 -0.095 0.53791
frequenza_0 | 20 0.97290 0.642 -0.895 0.81450
volume_min~0 | 20 0.95485 1.069 0.134 0.44666
ics_0 | 20 0.77156 5.407 3.401 0.00034
puf_0 | 20 0.98726 0.302 -2.416 0.99215
dolore_1 | 20 0.80295 4.664 3.103 0.00096
urgenza_1 | 20 0.87275 3.012 2.222 0.01314
volumein24~1 | 20 0.85090 3.529 2.542 0.00552
frequenza_1 | 20 0.97510 0.589 -1.065 0.85664
volume_min~1 | 20 0.96467 0.836 -0.360 0.64062
ics_1 | 20 0.88209 2.791 2.069 0.01930
puf_1 | 20 0.73264 6.329 3.718 0.00010
. tabstat dolore_0 - puf_1, s (n mean sd q) c(s) long
variable | N mean sd
------+------
dolore_0 | 20 5.56 2.310935
urgenza_0 | 20 6.545 2.863284
volumein24~0 | 20 1592.35 377.7633
frequenza_0 | 20 13.97 3.75417
volume_min~0 | 20 129.66 39.12683
ics_0 | 20 25.7 4.293201
puf_0 | 20 18.7 3.585057
dolore_1 | 20 3.15 3.058982
urgenza_1 | 20 3.575 2.42723
volumein24~1 | 20 1697.5 587.0583
frequenza_1 | 20 11.575 2.665743
volume_min~1 | 20 161.99 37.40616
ics_1 | 20 20.3 3.961658
puf_1 | 20 12.75 4.423323
------
. ttest dolore_0 = dolore_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
dolore_0 | 20 5.56 .5167408 2.310935 4.478449 6.641551
dolore_1 | 20 3.15 .6840091 3.058982 1.718353 4.581647
------+------
diff | 20 2.41 .4711073 2.106856 1.423961 3.396039
------
mean(diff) = mean(dolore_0 - dolore_1) t = 5.1156
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 1.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0001 Pr(T > t) = 0.0000
. ttest urgenza_0 = urgenza_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
urgenz~0 | 20 6.545 .6402497 2.863284 5.204942 7.885058
urgenz~1 | 20 3.575 .5427452 2.42723 2.439021 4.710979
------+------
diff | 20 2.97 .4951927 2.214569 1.93355 4.00645
------
mean(diff) = mean(urgenza_0 - urgenza_1) t = 5.9977
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 1.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) 0.0001 Pr(T > t) = 0.0000
. ttest volumein24ore_0 = volumein24ore_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
vol~re_0 | 20 1592.35 84.47043 377.7633 1415.551 1769.149
vol~re_1 | 20 1697.5 131.2702 587.0583 1422.748 1972.252
------+------
diff | 20 -105.15 96.55354 431.8005 -307.2389 96.93888
------
mean(diff) = mean(volumein24ore_0 - volumein24ore_1) t = -1.0890
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 0.1449 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.2898 Pr(T > t) = 0.8551
. ttest frequenza_0 = frequenza_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
freque~0 | 20 13.97 .8394578 3.75417 12.21299 15.72701
freque~1 | 20 11.575 .5960782 2.665743 10.32739 12.82261
------+------
diff | 20 2.395 .392326 1.754535 1.573852 3.216148
------
mean(diff) = mean(frequenza_0 - frequenza_1) t = 6.1046
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 1.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) 0.0001 Pr(T > t) = 0.0000
. ttest volume_minzione_0 = volume_minzione_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
vol~ne_0 | 20 129.66 8.749025 39.12683 111.3481 147.9719
vol~ne_1 | 20 161.99 8.364272 37.40616 144.4834 179.4966
------+------
diff | 20 -32.33 5.67418 25.3757 -44.2062 -20.45381
------
mean(diff) = mean(volume_minzion~0 - volume_minzion~1) t = -5.6977
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 0.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) 0.0001 Pr(T > t) = 1.0000
. ttest ics_0 = ics_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
ics_0 | 20 25.7 .959989 4.293201 23.69072 27.70928
ics_1 | 20 20.3 .8858537 3.961658 18.44589 22.15411
------+------
diff | 20 5.4 .5776541 2.583347 4.190956 6.609044
------
mean(diff) = mean(ics_0 - ics_1) t = 9.3482
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 1.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) = .0001 Pr(T > t) = 0.0000
. ttest puf_0 = puf_1
Paired t test
------
Variable | Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
puf_0 | 20 18.7 .801643 3.585057 17.02214 20.37786
puf_1 | 20 12.75 .9890852 4.423323 10.67982 14.82018
------+------
diff | 20 5.95 .759068 3.394655 4.361252 7.538748
------
mean(diff) = mean(puf_0 - puf_1) t = 7.8386
Ho: mean(diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 19
Ha: mean(diff) < 0 Ha: mean(diff) != 0 Ha: mean(diff) > 0
Pr(T < t) = 1.0000 Pr(|T| > |t|) 0.0001 Pr(T > t) = 0.0000
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